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9СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ UOT 631.4
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-7182-0813 SOIL-ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MODERN STATE DISTRIBUTED ON THE
NORTH-EASTERN SLOPES OF THE LESSER CAUCASUS MOUNTAIN GREY-
CINNAMON (CHESTNUT) SOILS
RAMIL ALI SADIGOV
Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Ph.D. in agrarian sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Petrochemical Technologies and Industrial
Ecology
Abstract: The lowlands of the northern and north-eastern slopes of the Lesser Caucasus mountains located in the west of our Republic have historically been formed on the territory of a contrasting relief, including mountains, foothills and plains. Mountain grey-cinnamon (chestnut) soils, occupying a large area, dominate soil types [1,2,3,5,10,11]. The article highlights the research and analysis of grey-cinnamon (chestnut) mountain soils formed in the north and north-east of the small Caucasus exclusively on the administrative territory of the Shamkir region. At the same time, the classification, morphogenetic and diagnostic characteristics of mountain grey-cinnamon (chestnut) soils by subtypes are analysed. There are 7 subtypes of this type of land in the region. The article analyses the morphological characteristics of each subtype separately, and also studies the current state of diagnostic indicators. The table shows and comprehensively analyses the diagnostic indicators of soil sections located in certain places, the morphological description and agrochemical features of soil profiles by half-types [3,4,6,7,8,9,10,17]. The main indicators such as humus, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, particle size distribution (by dust, sand, silt and clay fractions), soil hydrogen index (pH) and carbonate content (CaCO3) were established and statistically analysed [5,6,12,13,14,15,16,18].
Keywords: mountain grey-cinnamon (chestnut), humus layer, fertility parameters, soil types and semi-types, soil hydrogen index, morphological description, particle size distribution, diagnostic parameters, soil cut, nomenclature.
Introduction: Historically formed soils in the territory of Shamkir region are distributed according to the regularity of vertical zoning at an altitude of 150-900 meters above sea level. The region is included in the Ganja-Gazakh economic region, which has a special weight in the agrarian sector (Ganja-Gazakh economic region is the second most developed economic region in the country after the Aran economic region).
According to the decision of President Ilham Aliyev, the construction of a new reservoir -Shamkirchay reservoir in Shamkir region-played an important role in the economic development of Shamkir and neighboring regions for the efficient use of agricultural lands, the elimination of water shortages, the introduction of new irrigated areas. Our research area also consisted of analysis and research of soil-ecological features of the historically formed mountain gray-brown soils in the Shamkir region of the Shamkirchay reservoir basin [1,2,3,4].
Shamkir region is located in the west part of the country, on the north-eastern slope of the Lesser Caucasus. Shamkir district (Shamkhor until 1991) was established in 1930. The area of the district is 1656.8 km. The average height above sea level is 331 m. The region is located at latitude 40049/57// north and longitude 46001/35// east [3,4]. We started research in the lands of the Yeni Shamkirchay reservoir basin from 2013. These lands cover large areas of Shamkir region (75053.38 ha). The research area covers 45.48% of the total area of the district (165,680 ha). 12 subtypes on 6 soil types were formed in the part of the region that is the research area. Mountain cinnamon-meadow soil type
is 725.77 ha, Mountain-forest-cinnamon soils are 2498.43 ha on 1 subtype, Mountain grey-cinnamon (chestnut) soil type on 7 subtypes are 42759.79 ha, Mountain grey-cinnamon (chestnut) meadow lands are distributed in the area of 10522.55 ha on 1 subtype, 684.98 ha on alluvial meadow soil type on 2 subtypes, 557.98 ha on Alluvial-meadow-forest lands on 1 subtype. In addition, in the research area of 837.98 ha soils with Strong high gypsum fully developed clayey-salty rocks-soil-grounds were discovered, in the area of 2168.16 ha Cobblestone fine sediments of the riverbeds were spread.
In these article was given a theoretical and practical part of the research conducted on the mountain gray-brown soils. Mountain grey-cinnamon soils spread at 200-600 meter height from sea level in the research zone. Here the vegetation mat grass-tipsak different grassy plants and wormwood-ephemera-grain plants spread in dry steppes. The soil forming rocks are lime-stones, lime-stony conglomerates, tuffaceous breccia and their soft weathering products [3,4,5,10,11,15].
The winter of the zone is dry, but the summer is subtropical climatic. The days with the temperatures above 100 C are 210-240, but the days with the temperatures above 50 C are 240-270.
Table 1. Classification of soils entering the Shamkirchay reservoir basin by types and _subtypes (In the territory of Shamkir district)_
№ Name of lands Areas(ha)
On types On subtypes
1. Mountain cinnamon-meadow 725,77 725,77
2. Mountain-forest-cinnamon 2498,43
2.1 Immature mountain-forest-cinnamon 2498,43
3. Mountain grey-cinnamon (chestnut) 42759,79
3.1. Fully undeveloped mountain grey-cinnamon (chestnut) 4485,11
3.2. Anciently irrigated solonetzlike ordinary grey-cinnamon (chestnut) 1062,14
3.3. Irrigated mountain bright grey-cinnamon (chestnut) 6543,42
3.4. Irrigated solonetzlike ordinary grey-cinnamon (chestnut) 9682,10
3.5. Irrigated gazh mountain ordinary grey-cinnamon (chestnut) 5042,91
3.6. Irrigated mountain ordinary grey-cinnamon (chestnut) 6220,10
3.7. Anciently irrigated saline mountain ordinary grey-cinnamon (chestnut) 9724,01
4. Mountain grey-cinnamon (chestnut) meadow 10522,55
4.1. Irrigated mountain grey-cinnamon (chestnut) meadow 10522,55
5. Alluvial-meadow 684,98
5.1. Leached alluvial-meadow 546,45
5.2. Weakly developed calcareous alluvial-meadow 138,53
6. Alluvial-meadow-forest 557,98
6.1. Glayey-alluvial-meadow-forest 557,98
7. Strong high gypsum fully developed clayey-salty rocks-soil-grounds 837,98 837,98
8. Cobblestone fine sediments of the riverbeds 2168,16 2168,16
9. Other soils (on ground) 208,50 208,50
10. Other soils (the area under the reservoir) 14089,24 14089,24
Total: 75053,38 75053,38
Generally, mountain grey-cinnoman soils covers 45,48 % of the research zone. Before us study of the soil cover of the Little Caucasus was performed by V.V.Dochucaev, M.M.Sibirtsev, M.P.Babayev, V.H.Hasanov, Ch.M.Jafarova, H.M.Hajiyev, B.G.Shakuri, K.A.Alakbarov, V.R.Volobuev, M.E.Salaev, A.A.Ibrahimov, A.M.Shikhlinsky, A.N.Izyumov and other scientist [4,6,7,8,10,12].
Material and Methods: The research material is divided into 2 parts - theoretical and practical. Thus, the theoretical part analyzes the results of long-term complex research on the classification, nomenclature and diagnosis of soils in Azerbaijan. In the practical part, the plots taken by us were analyzed on the basis of modern methods currently used in world practice and the results were obtained. The soil types and subtypes given in the article have been adapted to the International Land Names (WRB) and a soil map has been compiled based on the ArcCIS program. During the study, soil horizons were indexed, and the genetic characteristics of the soils were adjusted to the correlation of the WRB system with the main indicators of the land classifications of Azerbaijan.
The main purpose of research was to conduct soil-ecological research of the historically formed lands (Mountain grey-cinnamon (chestnut)) in Shamkir region, which may occur after the commissioning of the Shamkirchay reservoir. Researc on these soils by subtypes consists learning of the effects of natural and anthropogenic factors, regulation of fertility indicators in these soils, adaptation of morphogenetic features, diagnostic classification and nomenclature of soil subtypes to modern classification.
Mountain grey-cinnamon (chestnut) soils cover a large area of 42759.79 ha in Shamkir region. In the article all subtypes of this soil type have been analyzed in detail.
The researches were fulfilled in mountain grey-cinnamon (chestnut) soils on certain routes in 2019-2021. The sections were applied in the characteristic places (definition on geigraphical coordinates). The soil section were taken from characteristic places (one soil section on each subtype), it's density, granulometric composition, colour, structure, hardness and some morphological indications were registered. The geographical coordinates of the taken soil samples were defined by "Garmin GPS map 62s" apparatus. The taken soil was given to the laboratory of "Agroecology and Bonitation of Soils" in the Istitute of Soil Science and Agrochemstry of ANAS for physicochemical analyses and the required prosedures were realized on the basis of the adopted methods [6,7,8,9,10,14].
During the field researches the total humus was investigated by I.M.Turin's method, total nitrogen-by Keildal, carbonates-by Calcimeter apparatus. In the form of CaCO3 was analyzed by the titration method, total phosporius (P) and total potassium (K) by ICP-MS (agilent) apparatus, granulometric composition from one leading factors was analyzed by N.A.Kaachinsky's method. To define the absorbing ability the absorbed cations were fixed by D.Ivanov's method, hygroscopic hymidity-by thermal method (soil is dried at 0,5° temperature) the environment reaction of soil was fixed by pH meter (in 1:5 ratio) in water solution, ammoniac absorbed from nitrogen forms by Konvey, ammoniac solving in water by Nesler, nitrates by Grandal-lian method. The accuracy of the results was specified by the mathematic statistic (V.A.Dospekhov) method [8,9,10,11,12,15,16].
Results and Discussion: During 2019-2021, we continued research work on mountain grey-cinnamon (chestnut) soils in the territory of Shamkir region. The sections in the characteristic places concern the "Antropogenic changed soils class". The research zone concerned the "accumulative carbonate section" from the point of view of the section and types character of soil. Here, the soils used in agriculture were formed sinceancient times. During periods of flood and abundent water the river debris are rich in salts in some zones and nutrient on the upper layers of soils in the zones which were irrigated with muddy water of the Shamkirchay since ancient times. Generated morphological description of the mountain grey-cinnamon soils historically formed in the research zone was given below:
0-20 cm: is observed with density and hardnes of gazh layer. The thickest layer and richness of humus are aviable. The color is dark-cinnamon, porous. Air permeability is good. It has small heaplike
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structure. It is medium clayey, moist and rich in root and rootlets of plant, the the insect ways activate, air and water conductivity. The soil fissures is clearly noticed. It is clear transitional, it boils under an influence of HCl. Depth of carbonate layer is slightly noticed.
20-50 cm: color is brownish brown-cinnamon, large granular structural, porous. It is medium clayey, strong miost, plant roots, insect ways are slightly observed. The carbonate traces are claerly noticed in the soil. The large cracks are observed. It is clear transitional, boils under an influence of HCl. Depth on carbonate layer is clearly noticed.
50-100 cm: color is bright cinnamon, humus layer is slightly noticed. It is heavy clayey, granular structural, hard, little moist, gradual transitional. It has separate tree and plant roots, doesn't boil under an impact of HCl. Depth of carbonate layer is clearly noticed.
The morphological features characteristic of the mountain gray-cinnamon (chestnut) soil type are as follows: a clear transition of genetic layers along the profile is observed. The humus layer is thick in the upper part of the soil. There is a decrease towards the lower layers. The spread of carbonate deposits along the profile is noticeable. The claying process is weak. Morphological analysis and diagnostic indicators of mountain gray-cinnamon (chestnut) soil type by subtypes were analyzed separately.
Table 2. List of the sections applied on mountain grey-cinnamon (chestnut) soil subtypes in the _characteristic places (fixing on geographical coordinates)_
№ Name of soil subtypes Classific ation on WRB Number of section X coordinate (east lenght) Y coordinate (north width)
Mountain grey-cinnamon chestnut) (Mgc)
1 Fully undeveloped mountain grey-cinnamon (chestnut) Mgcfu Section 11 460 3/ 21,051// E 400 42/ 42,381// N
2 Anciently irrigated solonetzlike ordinary grey-cinnamon (chestnut) Mgcaisl° Section 91 460 16/ 44,678// E 400 49/ 24,450// N
3 Irrigated mountain bright grey-cinnamon (chestnut) Mgc1ib Section 72 460 10/ 23,317// E 400 52/ 32,773// N
4 Irrigated solonetzlike ordinary grey-cinnamon (chestnut) Mgc2isl Section 38 460 9/ 2,256// E 400 44/ 26,354// N
5 Irrigated gazh mountain ordinary grey-cinnamon (chestnut) Mgc2i Section 48 460 1 6/ 5,315// E 400 45/12,766// N
6 Irrigated mountain ordinary grey-cinnamon (chestnut) Mgc2i Section 62 450 57/ 54,242// E 400 52/ 35,889// N
7 Anciently irrigated saline mountain ordinary grey-cinnamon (chestnut) Mgc2ais Section 76 46° 11/ 24,947// E 400 49/ 25,428// N
The list of the sections applied in the characteristic places on subtypes of mountain grey-cinnamon soils aviable in the research area was given on Table 2.
Fully undevoloped mountain grey-cinnamon (chestnut) soil subtype, an analysis of diagnostic indices of the 11th section fertility parameters was analyzed (Table 3). The section was fixed on geographic coordinates. X coordinate (the east lenght) of the 11th section was fixed 460 3/ 21,051// E, but Y coordinate (the north width) at 400 42/ 42,381// N (Table 3). These soils spread in 4480,47 ha area (Table 1). The humus layer density is 3,86-0,91 % along the profile in these soils. Nitrogen is 0,276-0,131 % according to humus. Hygroscopic humidity is 6,01-5,60 %, CO2 % 16,927,32 %, CaCO3 8,25-7,05 % due to CO2, a sum of absorbed bases is 29,28-22,72 mg-ekv, pH vibrates by 7,0-7,2. In granulometric composition of subtype the percentage quantity less than <0,001 mm is 22,64-26,08 %, but the percentage amount less than <0,01 mm is 58,08-62,53 %. It is clear from the granulometric analysis that these soils are mainly medium and heavy clayey (Figure 1).
Table 3. Analysis of the diagnostic indices analyzed of fertility parameters in Fully undeveloped
mountain grey-cinnamon (chestnut) subtypes
№ Depth, cm Hum Nitrog Hyg. CO2 CaCO SAB, Granulometric
sec us en hum % 3 mg- pH composition,
tio % % idity % due ekv %
n CO2 <0,00 1 mm <0,01 mm
AUa 0- 3.86 0.276 5.83 12.94 6.95 27.68 7.1 26.08 59.54
11 26
A/B 26- 2.43 0.187 6.01 11.61 7.05 23.12 7.1 23.52 61.90
42
Bt 42- 2.07 0.164 6.01 7.32 8.03 22.72 7.0 24.48 62.53
57
B/C 57- 1.53 1.131 5.60 9.25 8.25 25.44 7.2 22.64 60.13
83
C 83- 0.91 Not.a 5.72 16.92 8.14 29.28 7.1 23.56 58.08
102 n
AUa 0-26 3.86 0.276 A/B 26-42 2.43 0.187 Bt 42-57 2.07 0.164
B/C 57-83 1.53 1.131 ■ C 83-102 0.91 Not.an
200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
mm mm
CO2 <0,001 <0,01
% % due mg-ekv
Hyg. humidity CO2 CaCO3 SAB, pH Granulometric composition, %
Figure 1. Graphical description of the analysis of diagnostic parameters of productivity parameters in the Fully undeveloped mountain grey-cinnamon (chestnut) subtypes
The morphological analysis of the 11 soil section is given below: 0-26 cm: AUa-is the topsoil layer. Dark brown, medium clay, granular, medium-grained, cypress, roots, rhizomes, small stones, porous, carbonate mites, low moisture;
26-42 cm: A/B-access from topsoil layer to subsoil layer. Light brown, heavy clay, lilac structure, cypress, root, rhizomes, porous, carbonate mites and spots, small stones, clear transition; 42-57 cm: Bt-is the subsoil layer. Light brown, heavy clay, calcareous structure, many roots, small stones and stones, the stones are covered with calcareous carbonate. Carbonaceous, fine-grained, dry, clear transition;
57-83 cm: B/C-access from subsoil layer to bedrock layer. The horizon consists of many small and large stones, the stones are covered with calcareous carbonate. Carbonate is in the form of mites and dots. The transition is clear;
83-102 cm: C-is the bedrock layer. Yellow-spotted, brown, medium-clay, unstructured, soft, carbonate mites, small and large stones, soil-forming rocks, soft loess-like, gypsum fine sediments.
The analysis of diagnostic indices of the fertility parameters in the 91th section concerning the Anciently irrigated solonetzlike mountain ordinary grey-cinnamon (chestnut) soil subtype was fulfilled (Table 4). These soils are 1062,14 ha in the research zone (Table 1). The cut was fixed on geographical coordinates. X coordinate of the Section 91 (the east lenght) is at 460 1 67 44,678^ E, Y coordinate (the north width) at 400 49/ 24,450// N (Table 2). In Anciently irrigated solonetzlike mountain ordinary grey-cinnamon (chestnut) soils the humus layer density a long profile is 4,13-1,29 %. According to humus nitrogen is 0,293-0,163 %. Hygroscopic humidity is 7,08-4,77 %, 12,2414,47 % with CO2, CaCO3 is 6,95-8,25 % with CO2, a sum of absorbed bases is 21,88-23,75 mg-ekv, pH 6,2-6,4. The percentage quantity less than <0,001 mm is 18,56-26,08 %, the percentage amount less than <0,01 mm is 58,82-66,48 %. It is clear from granulometric analysis that these soils are medium and heavy clayey (Figure 2).
The morphological analysis of the 91 soil section is given below: 0-19 cm: AUa-is the topsoil layer. Grayish brown, unstructured, heavy clay, medium-grained, cypress, few roots and rhizomes, invisible carbonates and carbonate mites, dry; 19-50 cm: A/B-access from topsoil layer to subsoil layer. Dark gray, heavy clay, topavari, kipvari, roots and rhizomes, numerous carbonate mites and sediments, small stones, dry, clear transition; 50-73 cm: Bt-is the subsoil layer. Gray-brown, medium clayey, soft, small stones and stones, numerous whites, dry, clear transition;
73-110 cm: B/C-access from subsoil layer to bedrock layer. Yellowish dark gray, unstructured, stones, many carbonate pores, the transition is clear;
110-155 cm: C-is the bedrock layer. This layer is completely white, heavy clayey, unstructured, occasionally humus flows, large stones, soil-forming rocks, cypress, limestone sediments.
Table 4. Analysis of the diagnostic indices analyzed of fertility parameters in Anciently irrigated solonetzlike mountain ordinary grey-cinnamon (chestnut) subtypes
№ Depth, cm Humu N Hyg CO2 CaCO SAB, pH Granulometric
sec s % hu % 3 mg- composition,
tio % mid % due ekv %
n ity CO2 <0,00 <0,01
1 mm
mm
AUa 0-19 4.13 0.293 5.8 12.2 6.95 21.88 6.3 26.08 61.92
3 4
91 A/B 19-50 2.49 0.212 6.0 1 12.6 4 8.05 23.75 6.3 21.52 66.48
Bt 50-73 2.06 0.204 7.0 8 13.4 2 8.05 21.95 6.2 24.48 58.82
B/C 73110 1.29 0.163 5.6 2 14.0 9 8.25 Not.a n 6.3 20.64 59.48
C 110155 Not.an Not.a n 4.7 7 14.4 7 8.14 6.4 18.56 61.68
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
% % Humus Nitrogen
Hyg. humidity
CO2
% % due
CO2 CaCO3
mg-ekv SAB,
pH
mm mm
<0,001 <0,01
Granulometric composition, %
AUa 0-19 ■ A/B 19-50 □ Bt 50-73 B/C 73-110 - C 110-155
Figure 2. Graphical description of the analysis of diagnostic parameters of productivity parameters in the Anciently irrigated solonetzlike mountain ordinary grey-cinnamon (chestnut) subtypes
The analysis of diagnostic indices of the fertility parameters in the 72th section concerning the Irrigated mountain bright grey-cinnamon (chestnut) soil subtype also was fulfilled. These soils are 6543,42 ha in the research zone (Table 1). The cut was fixed on geographical coordinates. X coordinate of the Section 72 (the east lenght) is at 460 1 0' 23,317'' E, Y coordinate (the north width) at 400 52' 32,773'' N (Table 2). In Irrigated mountain bright grey-cinnamon (chestnut) soils the humus layer density a long profile is 1,97-0,93 %. According to humus nitrogen is 0,158-0,105 %. Hygroscopic humidity is 6,73-5,12 %, CaCO3 is 11,85-8,05%, with CO2, a sum of absorbed bases is 31,14-26,80 mg-ekv, pH 6,8-7,0. The percentage quantity less than <0,001 mm is 16,73-19,92 %, the percentage amount less than <0,01 mm is 58,41-60,28 %. It is clear from granulometric analysis that these soils are medium and heavy clayey (Figure 3).
Table 5. Analysis of the diagnostic indices analyzed of fertility parameters in Irrigated mountain
bright grey-cinnamon (chestnut) subtypes
№ sec tio Depth, cm Hum us % Nitrog en % Hyg. hum idity CO2 % CaCO 3 % due SAB, mg- ekv pH Granulometric composition, %
n CO2 <0,00 1 mm <0,01 mm
AUa 0-21 1.97 0.158 5.12 Not.a n 10.25 31.14 6.9 18.80 56.39
A/B 2133 1.43 0.124 5.84 11.72 28.42 6.8 17.34 58.41
72 Bt 3375 1.22 0.105 5.92 8.05 26.80 6.9 19.92 60.28
B/C 7598 1.08 Not.a n 6.73 9.52 27.28 6.9 16.73 58.46
C 98128 0.93 6.42 11.85 Not.a n 7.0 13.62 57.94
□ С 98-128 В/С 75-98 QBt 33-75 [А/В 21-33 BAUa 0-21
Granulometric composition, % PH SAB, CaC03 C02
Hyg. humidity Nitrogen Humus
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Figure 3. Graphical description of the analysis of diagnostic parameters of productivity parameters in Irrigated mountain bright grey-cinnamon (chestnut) subtypes
The analysis of diagnostic indices of the fertility parameters in the 38th section concerning the Irrigated solontzlike mountain ordinary grey-cinnamon (chestnut) soil subtype also was fulfilled. These soils spread in 9682,10 ha zone (Table 1). The section is fixed on geographical coordinates. X coordinate of the Section 38 (the east lenght) is at 460 91 2,256^ E, Y coordinate (the north width) at 400 44/ 26,3 54// N (Table 2). The humus layer density a long profile is 2,97-0,93 %. Nitrogen corresponding to humus is 0,220-0,147 % in these soils. Hygroscopic moisture is 7,98-6,71 %. 14,819,32 % with CO2, CaCO3 is 18,75-16,41 %, due to CO2, a sum of absorbed bases is 29,12-12,27 mg-ekv, pH is 7,1-7,3. The percentage quantity less than <0,001 mm is 20,37-24,02 %, the percentage amount less than <0,01 mm is 56,83-61,48 %. It was clear that these soils are medium and heavy clayey. Through dry residue isn't observed on the upper layers but it is observed towards low layers (Table 6, Figure 4).
Table 6. Analysis of the diagnostic indices analyzed of fertility parameters in Irrigated solontzlike mountain ordinary grey-cinnamon (chestnut) subtypes
№ Depth, cm Humu N Hyg. CO2 CaCO SAB Granulometric
sec s % humi % 3 , pH composition,
tio % dity % due mg- %
n CO2 ekv <0,00 1 <0,01 mm
mm
38 AUa 0-23 2.97 0.220 7.98 14,81 16,41 29.1 2 7,2 22.76 58.32
A/B 2349 2.14 0.169 7.47 14,81 18,75 25.8 4 7,2 21.23 56.83
Bt 4971 1.79 0.147 6.71 9,32 16,74 22.2 9 7,1 24.02 60.14
B/C 71102 0.93 Not.a n 7.52 9,45 Not.a n 18.0 1 7,2 20.37 61.48
C 102124 Not.a n 7.04 12,52 12.2 7 7,3 21.14 59.30
80
C 102-124 Bt 49-71
AUa 0-23
■ AUa 0-23 BA/B 23-49 ■ Bt 49-71 B/C 71-102 BC 102-124
Figure 4. Graphical description of the analysis of diagnostic parameters of productivity parameters in Irrigated solontzlike mountain ordinary grey-cinnamon (chestnut) subtypes
The analysis of the diagnostic indices of section 48 fertility parameters concerning Irrigated gazh mountain ordinary grey-cinnamon (chestnut) soil subtype was analyzed. These soils spread in 5042,91 ha ha zone (Table 1). The section is fixed on geographical coordinates. X coordinate of the Section 102 (the east lenght) is at 460 1 6/ 5,3 1 5// E, Y coordinate (the north width) at 400 45/ 12,766// N (Table 2). The humus layer density a long profile is 3,47-1,45 %. Corresponding to humus nitrogen is 0,252-0,126 % in these soils. Hygroscopic moisture is 7,01-5,60 %. 21,36-11,96 % with CO2, CaCO3 is 20,63-11,96 %, due to CO2, a sum of absorbed bases (SAB) is 39,56-35,36 mg-ekv, pH is 7,6-8,2. The percentage quantity less than <0,001 mm is 25,71-30,50 %, the percentage amount less than <0,01 mm is 54,89-62,16 % (Table 7). It was clear that these soils are medium and heavy clayey look like another soil subtypes. Through dry residue isn't observed on the upper layers but it is observed towards low layers, too (Figure 5).
№ sec tio Depth, cm Humu s % Nitrog en % Hyg. hum idity CO2 % CaCO 3 % due SAB mg- pH Granulometric composition, %
n CO2 ekv <0,00 1 mm <0,01 mm
48 AUa 0-29 3.47 0,252 5.83 11,96 11,96 37.6 9 7,6 26.52 57.28
A/B 29-50 3.09 0,228 6.01 19,08 17,23 37.4 1 7,8 25.71 54.89
Bt 50-78 2.45 0,188 7.01 21,36 Not.a n 35.3 6 7,7 27.19 56.98
B/C78-100 1.45 0,126 5.60 21,36 18,76 39.5 6 7,9 26.93 60.15
C 100140 Not.a n Not.a n 5.83 18,49 20,63 38.2 0 8,2 30.50 62.16
Table 7. Analysis of the diagnostic indices analyzed of fertility parameters in Irrigated gazh mountain ordinary grey-cinnamon (chestnut) subtypes
70 60 50 40 30 20 10
0 ✓
C 100-140 B/C78-100 Bt 50-78 A/B 29-50 AUa 0-29
AUa 0-29 A/B 29-50 Bt 50-78 B/C78-100 C 100-140
Figure 5. Graphical description of the analysis of diagnostic parameters of productivity parameters in Irrigated solontzlike mountain ordinary grey-cinnamon (chestnut) subtypes
The analysis of the diagnostic indices of section 62 fertility parameters concerning to Irrigated mountain ordinary grey-cinnamon (chestnut) soil subtype was analyzed. These soils spread in 6220,10 ha ha zone (Table 1). The section is fixed on geographical coordinates. X coordinate of the Section 62 (the east lenght) is at 450 57/ 54,242// E, Y coordinate (the north width) at 400 52/ 35,889// N (Table 2). The humus layer density along profile is 4,58-0,89 %. Corresponding to humus nitrogen is 0,321-0,146 % in these soils. Hygroscopic humidity is 6,86-6,17 %. 10,22-6,59 % with CO2, CaCO3 is 12,41-5,62 %, due to CO2, a sum of absorbed bases (SAB) is 32,49-28,95 mg-ekv, pH is 7,1-7,3. The percentage quantity less than <0,001 mm is 19,94-23,61 %, the percentage amount less than <0,01 mm is 56,21-61,92 %. It was clear from granulometric composition that these soils are medium and heavy clayey, too (Table 8). Through dry residue isn't observed on the upper layers but it is observed towards low layers (Figure 6)
Table 8. Analysis of the diagnostic indices analyzed of fertility parameters in Irrigated mountain
ordinary grey-cinnamon (chestnut) subtypes
№ Depth, Hum Nitrog Hyg. CO2 CaCO SAB, Granulometric
sec tio cm us % en % hum idity % 3 % due mg-ekv pH composition, %
n CO2 <0,00 1 mm <0,01 mm
AUa 0- 4.58 0.321 6.52 10.22 12.41 32.49 7.3 23.61 57.49
22
A/B22- 3.47 0.252 6.17 8.47 12.41 30.39 7.2 22.75 56.21
41
62 Bt 4169 2.62 0.199 6.86 Not.a n 8.73 28.95 7.2 19.94 60.72
B/C69- 1.77 0.146 6.68 7.65 30.73 7.1 20.83 61.92
97
C 97- 0.89 Not.a 6.37 6.59 5.62 29.44 7.2 22.38 60.06
118 n
Figure 6. Graphical description of the analysis of diagnostic parameters of productivity parameters in Irrigated mountain ordinary grey-cinnamon (chestnut) subtypes
Anciently irrigated saline mountain ordinary grey-cinnamon (chestnut) soil subtype.
The analysis of the diagnostic indices of section 76 fertility parameters concerning to this soil subtype was analyzed. These soils spread in 9724,01 ha ha zone (Table 1). The section is fixed on geographical coordinates. X coordinate of the Section 76 (the east lenght) is at 460 11/ 24,947// E, Y coordinate (the north width) at 400 49/ 25,428// N (Table 2). The humus layer density along profile is 3,54-1,02 %. Corresponding to humus nitrogen is 0,256-0,113 % in these soils. Hygroscopic moisture is 7,53-5,52 %. 23,09-7,85 % with CO2, CaCOs is 18,59-7,85 %, due to CO2, a sum of absorbed bases (SAB) is 38,63-24,23 mg-ekv, pH is 7,0-7,6. The percentage quantity less than <0,001 mm is 25,5330,96 %, the percentage amount less than <0,01 mm is 66,95-71,11 % (Table 9). It was clear from granulometric analysis that these soils are heavy clayey and clayey. Through dry residue isn't observed on the upper layers but it is observed towards low layers (Figure 7).
Table 9. Analysis of the diagnostic indices analyzed of fertility parameters in Anciently irrigated saline mountain ordinary grey-cinnamon (chestnut) soil subtype
№ Depth, Hum Nitrog Hyg. CO2 CaCO SAB, Granulometric
sec tio cm us % en % hum idity % 3 % due mg-ekv pH composition, %
n CO2 <0,00 1 mm <0,01 mm
AUa 0- 3.54 0,256 6.40 7,85 7,85 34.91 7,4 26.67 70.83
22
A/B22- 3.22 0,236 6.50 14,62 11,73 28.08 7,6 30.96 69.62
41
76 Bt 4158 2.64 0,201 7.43 12,50 13,31 24.23 7,5 29.17 67.41
B/C58- 1.25 0,113 7.87 21,28 16,04 35.84 8,1 26.41 66.95
70
C 70- 1,02 Not.a 8.04 23,09 18,59 38.63 8,3 25.53 71.11
102 n
80 60 40 20 0
С 70-102 В/С58-70 Bt 41-58 А/В22-41 AUa 0-22
AUa 0-22 ■ A/B22-41 ■ Bt 41-58 B/C58-70 ■ С 70-102
Figure 6. Graphical description of the analysis of diagnostic parameters of productivity parameters in Anciently irrigated saline mountain ordinary grey-cinnamon (chestnut) soil subtype
Conslusion:
1. The results of large-scale soil-ecological surveys conducted on the historically formed mountain grey-cinnamon (chestnut) soils in the territory of Shamkir region for 2019-2021 are reflected in the article. The main physicochemical and nutrient on upper layer of soils were analyzed with modern methods as a result of the chemical analyses in soil samples taken from mountain grey-cinnamon (chestnut) soils.
2. On Table 1 was given classification of soils entering the Shamkirchay reservoir basin by types and subtypes. At the same time was given List of the sections applied on mountain grey-cinnamon (chestnut) soil subtypes in the characteristic places (fixing on geographical coordinates) on Table 2.
3. Table 3, Table 4, Table 5, Table 6, Table 7, Table 8 and Table 9 respectively, analyzed the analysis of diagnostic indicators of fertility parameters of sections placed in characteristic places by subtypes, and the morphological analysis of some sections was interpreted.
4. The article studies the diagnostic indicators of 7 subtypes of mountain grey-cinnamon soils with new methodologies, analyzes the occurring ecological processes and obtains consistent results. Thus, humus, nitrogen, hygroscopic moisture, CaCO3 for CO2, CO2, total of absorbed bases, pH-environment of the area, granulometric composition in 2 forms (<0.001 mm and <0.01 mm), separately in each plot of soil. dry residue was studied according to AUa, A/B, Bta, B/C and C profiles (Table 3, Table 4, Table 5, Table 6, Table 7, Table 8 and Table 9). It is also clear from the morphological description of different soil sections placed in the research area as a result of field-soil and chamber laboratory researches that, there are differences between their structural aggregates, granulometric composition, hygroscopic moisture and other morpho-diagnostic features.
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