CC BY
8© Автоматика и программная инженерия. 2020, №2(32) http://www.jurnal.nips.ru
[5] Zhmud V.A., Zavorin A.N. Metodi di ottimizzazione del controllo numerico su una modelli troncati. Italian Science Review. 2014. № 4 (13). С. 686-689.
[6] Voevoda A.A., Zhmud V.A., Ishimtsev R.Y., Semibalamut V.M. The modeling tests of the new pidregulators structures. In: Proceedings of the LASTED International Conference on Applied Simulation and Modelling, ASM 2009 18th LASTED International Conference on Applied Simulation and Modelling, ASM 2009. Palma de Mallorca, 2009. С. 165-168.
[7] Voevoda A.A., Zhmud V.A. Convergence of controller optimization algorithms for an object with a limiter and with a delay. Scientific Bulletin of the Novosibirsk State Technical University. 2007. No. 4 (29). S. 179-184. (in Russian).
[8] Zhmud V., Yadrishnikov O., Poloshchuk A., Zavorin A. Modern key techologies in automatics: structures and numerical optimization of regulators. В сборнике: Proceedings - 2012 7th International Forum on Strategic Technology, IFOST 2012 2012. С. 6357804.
[9] Vasiliev V.A., Voevoda A.A., Zhmud V.A., Hassuoneh V.A. Digital controllers: target settings, selection of integration method, hardware implementation. Collection of scientific papers of Novosibirsk State Technical University. 2006. No. 4 (46). S. 3-10. (in Russian).
[10] Zhmud VA, Yadryshnikov O. Numerical optimization of pid-regulators using the detector of the correctness of motion in the target function. Automation and software engineering. 2013. No. 1 (3). S. 24-29. (in Russian).
[11] Zhmud V., Dimitrov L., Yadrishnikov O. Calculation of regulators for the problems of mechatronics by means of the numerical optimization method. В сборнике: 2014 12th International Conference on Actual Problems of Electronic Instrument Engineering APEIE 2014 Proceedings. 2014. С. 739-744.
[12] Zhmud V., Vostrikov A., Semibalamut V. Feedback systems with pseudo local loops. В сборнике: Testing and Measurement: Techniques and Applications -Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Testing and Measurement: Techniques and Applications, TMTA 2015 2015. С. 411-417.
[13] Voevoda A.A., Zhmud V.A. Astatic control of objects with non-stationary matrix transfer functions by the method of approximate inversion of functional complex matrices. Scientific Bulletin of the Novosibirsk State Technical University. 2006. No. 2 (23). S. 3-8. (in Russian).
[14] Zhmud V., Zavorin A. The design of the control system for object with delay and interval-given parameters. В сборнике: 2015 International Siberian Conference on Control and Communications, SIBCON 2015 - Proceedings 2015. С. 7147060.
[15] Zhmud V.A., Zavorin A.N. A method for designing energy-saving controllers for complex objects with a partially unknown model. In the collection: Problems of control and modeling in complex systems. Proceedings of the XVI International Conference. Institute for Management of Complex Systems, Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Edited by: E.A. Fedosova, N.A. Kuznetsova, V.A. Wittich. 2014.S. 557-567. (in Russian).
[16] Zhmud V.A., Goncharenko A.M. Modern problems of high-precision measurements of the phase differences.
В сборнике: Труды XIII Международной Научно-Технической Конференции Актуальные Проблемы Электронного Приборостроения. Proceedings: in 12 volumes. 2016. С. 314-318.
[17] Zhmud V.A., Frantsuzova G.A., Vostrikov A.S. Dynamics of mechatronic systems. Textbook / Novosibirsk, 2014. (in Russian).
[18] Zhmud V.A., Zavorin A.N. Model structure for optimizing a feedback system. Patent for invention RU 2554291 C1, 06.27.2015. Application No. 2014112628/28 of 04/01/2014. (in Russian).
[19] Zhmud V.A., Zavorin A.N., Yadryshnikov O.D. Non-analytical methods for calculating PID controllers (in Russian). Textbook / Novosibirsk, 2013.
[20] http://simintech.ru/ (in Russian).
Nikita Alekseevich Zhuravlev -
student of NSU. group 16314 FF. Email: rettyov@gmail.com 630090, Novosibirsk st. Pirogova, 1
Alexey Igorevich Ubert - Senior Lecturer, Department of Automation, NSTU. E-mail: ubert@corp.nstu.ru 630073, Novosibirsk, Ave. K. Marx, d.20
Vladimir Genrikhovich
Shakhtschneider - Senior Lecturer, Department of Automation, NSTU. E-mail: sch@ait.cs.nstu.ru 630073, Novosibirsk, Ave. K. Marx, d.20
Oleg Petrovich Rusakov - Senior Lecturer, Department of Automation, NSTU. E-mail: vipor@sintez.nstu.ru 630073, Novosibirsk, Ave. K. Marx, d.20
The paper has been received on 10/03/2020.
Optoelectronic Method for Determining the Physicochemical
Composition of Liquids
Donyorbek Dilshodovich Alijanov1, Nematjon Rakhimovich Rakhimov2
lAndijan Machine-Building Institute, Andijan, Uzbekistan 2Ufa State Oil Technical University, Ufa, Russia
Abstract: Currently, optoelectronic sensors which are based on anomalous photo-voltage (APV) curtains derived from semiconductor compounds are attracting the attention of many experts. The use of APV receivers to determine the physicochemical composition of liquids, especially in the optoelectronic method, is considered to be one of the promising methods. If APV receiver is used as the first converter in optoelectronic systems, it allows to increase the efficiency of a number of parameters of the system, such as energy saving, reliability, speed, accuracy.
Keywords: APV receiver, Lambert-Behr, optoelectronics, diode.
Introduction
In optoelectronic devices which are based on a light source and a receiver, the APV receiver is used as the primary element that converts optical signals into electrical signals. The resulting electrical signal is registered in the form of voltage or enters the electronic circuit, separates and processes the specified parameters and transmits information about the measured quantity to the computer. Thus, the changed signal falls on the computing device, which is graded by the measured quantities [1-4].
CHU
EH
Ti
Fig. 1. Physicochemical analysis of liquids using APV-receiver content determination method
To check the colour of the liquids, the object being examined is irradiated with a light flux of two
wavelengths A^ (green) and A2 (red).
According to Lambert-Behr's law, the luminous
flux of wavelengths A^ and A2 passing through the layer of liquid under test is as follows:
= x e
—kjd,
= &
„ p-(k1 + k2)d _ 0 X2C =
= &o X2 e~Kia + &o i2e~k2d
(1)
(2)
, $
Qi - the flux of light coming from
the emitting diodes, k1 - absorption coefficient; ^ - colour absorption coefficient; d - the thickness of the liquid layer that is being tested. Equalizing the
initial light fluxes Oq^ = O0A2, we create:
O
x
O
ox
■e
-hd
O
O
ox
—hd —k^d 1 • e 2
= e
kd
(3)
It can be seen from this expression that when d -constant, the given light fluxes Ai and A2 are proportional to the colour of the controlled substance. Using the developed compositional scheme, the device automatically controls ambient colour of the liquid.
The role of optoelectronic devices in production is related to a number of requirements for them in providing information about the physicochemical parameters of products and technological processes: wireless control, high sensitivity and accuracy, speed, small volume, simplicity and reliability.
The essence of optoelectronic control is that any substance emits, absorbs or reflects light. Therefore, the physicochemical composition of a substance and the quantitative ratio of its constituent elements depend on changes in illumination, light absorption, angle of rotation, and other properties of light interaction with matter [3].
1. Mathematical calculation APV
If we look at the mathematical model of the APV receiver, it is a multi-variable function, and this function is expressed in terms of light flux spectral composition of optical radiation L, temperature T and humidity B:
U& = f(O, t, L, b).
(4)
Coefficient of variation in optical radiation of light sources (emitting diode, laser diode) of APV receivers:
(5)
Here 9e.x is the relative scattering spectrum of the light flux emanating from the source; Soth(^) is the
e
relative spectral characteristic of the APV receiver sensitivity.
Spectral relationship of light flux with the integral sensitivity of the APV receiver:
SHHT®e SX.®e.max K.
(6)
Here Sx.®e.max - the maximum spectral sensitivity of the APV receiver to light flux
Relative spectral sensitivity of APV receiver:
Sx .OTH = Sx .a6c / Sx
(7)
Sx.a6c - absolute spectral sensitivity of the APV receiver; Sx.max - maximum spectral sensitivity of the APV receiver.
Sensitivity of the APV receiver to the initial frequency:
On =
■^OTH
Sj_
HHT
u„
Uv
(8)
Here Um - noise voltage; Si.hht, Su.hht - current and voltage integral sensitivity of APV receiver.
Initial comparative sensitivity of the APV receiver:
o; = On^AAf = On.;VA (9)
Here ®B./. - APV receiver's initial unit frequency bandwidth sensitivity; A - surface of the APV receiver; Af - the frequency bandwidth of the amplified field.
The proposed frequency bandwidth for the measured area in the APV photoreceptor certification:
Af = 0,2 fM
(10)
Here fM - frequency modulation in certification.
The comparative detection capability of the APV receiver:
<n)
Here ®n - initial comparative specific sensitivity of the APV receiver.
Recalculation of the spectral sensitivity of the APV receiver to the light flux to the spectral sensitivity to the radiation flux:
Sx Sx .®v Kmax V(X),
(12)
Here Sx.®e, Sx.®v - spectral sensitivity to radiation flux and light flux; ; Kmax - spectral maximum efficiency of monochromatic radiation; V(X) -spectral relative light efficiency of monochromatic radiation for daylight (Table 1).
Recalculation of the parameters of the APV receiver in the given light PMD (photometric dimension), in the energy PMD parameters:
coefficient of radiation used by vision; ®n.e, ®n.v -The initial sensitivity of the APV receiver to energy and light PMD at a given line frequency [2].
Table 1
Spectral relative light efficiency for day vision of monochromatic radiation
x,
n 300 400 500 600 700
m
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 - 0.00 0.32 0.63 0.0041
- 4 3 1 0021
- 0012 503 503 00105
- 0040 710 381 00052
- 0116 862 265 00025
- 023 954 175 00012
- 038 995 107 00006
- 060 995 061 00003
0.00003 091 952 032 00001
9 139 870 017 0
0.00012 208 757 0082 -
Recalculation of the parameters of the APV receiver given in energy PMDs for one source of radiation to the parameters in energy PMDs for another source of radiation:
5,
5,
HHT.$V
K
HHT.Oe
o
n.Oe
k'
°n.QvK k"
(15)
(16)
Here S' hht.ov , S HHT.^e - integral sensitivity of the APV receiver to the radiation flux for the first and second source radiation; initial
sensitivity of the PMD receiver to the frequency bandwidth at the given energy PMD for the first and second source.
Correlation of APV receiver sensitivity to voltage and current:
SU ~ S1RH
Here RH - load resistance.
(17)
(18)
U® ~ S1 ® ,
Here S1 - APV receiver sensitivity. Voltage photo signal of APV receiver:
Uc = SU ® , (19)
Here SU - voltage sensitivity of the APV receiver [25].
Conclusion
On.e =
SHHT.®e Shht.®v Kmax kr; (13)
Or,
Kmaxkr
Bm,
(14)
In summary, APV receivers for optoelectronic systems can be used to measure the parameters of non-electrical quantities in control-measurement techniques, such as density, thickness, humidity, coordinate of a moving object, colour, concentration, surface level, and so on. The use of APV receivers in optoelectronic systems as autonomous optical light receivers is promising in the areas of the field. © Automatics & Software Enginery. 2020, N 2 (32) http://jurnal.nips.ru/en 52
Here S HHT.®e, SuHT.®v - integral sensitivity of APV receiver to light flux and radiation flux; kr - the
