CC BY
12УДК 621.01 Rahimli I.N., Mammadov I.E.
Rahimli I.N.
Associate professor Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University (Baku, Azerbaijan)
Mammadov I.E.
Master student Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University (Baku, Azerbaijan)
OPTIMIZATION AND REGULATION OF ASYNCHRONOUS ELECTRIC DRIVES FOR PUMPING MACHINES
Аннотация: this article explores optimization and control methods for asynchronous electric drives for pumping machines. Asynchronous electric drives are widely used in industry due to their efficiency, reliability and control flexibility. This article discusses the main control methods for asynchronous electric drives, such as speed vector control, pulse width modulation (PWM), feedback and adaptive control. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are also discussed.
Ключевые слова: electric drive, pumping machine, control, efficiency, pulse width modulation.
Asynchronous electric drives are the most common type of drive in industrial systems, including pumping machines (fig.1). They consist of two main parts: a stator and a rotor. The stator contains a winding through which alternating current passes, creating a magnetic field that in turn acts on the rotor. The rotor, in turn, can rotate under the influence of this magnetic field. The basic operating principle of an asynchronous electric drive is that an alternating voltage applied to the stator creates
an alternating magnetic field, which in turn induces alternating currents in the rotor. These alternating currents in the rotor create torque, which causes the rotor to rotate and mechanical operation of the drive.
Figure 1. Pumping machine.
The main methods of regulating asynchronous electric drives for pumping machines are the following methods.
1. Vector speed control. Speed vector control is an advanced method of controlling asynchronous electric drives, which allows you to control not only the speed, but also the direction and exact position of the rotor. This method uses a mathematical model of the current and voltage vector, which allows the currents in the stator to be controlled in such a way as to create the required rotating field. Vector control provides high dynamic drive response, making it ideal for applications requiring high precision and fast response to load changes [1-5].
2. Pulse width modulation (PWM) methods. Pulse width modulation (PWM) is used to control the amplitude and duration of AC voltage pulses applied to the stator of an induction drive. This method allows you to effectively control the rotation speed and torque on the drive shaft. By changing the width of the PWM pulses, you can adjust the average voltage applied to the stator winding, which in turn allows you to adjust the rotor speed.
3. Applying feedback. Feedback is a key element in the control of asynchronous electric drives for pumping machines. This method is based on obtaining information about the state of the system using sensors and using this information to adjust control parameters in real time. The use of feedback in asynchronous electric drives for pumping machines plays a crucial role in ensuring precise speed control, high positioning accuracy and stable operation of the system under various operating conditions. This method helps optimize drive performance and ensure reliable operation over a long period of time [6-8].
4. Adaptive control. Adaptive control is an advanced approach to controlling asynchronous electric drives, which is based on the principle of automatically adapting the system to changing operating conditions without the need to manually adjust parameters. This method is especially important for industrial systems such as pumping machines, where changes in load and other factors can be unpredictable.
The main idea of adaptive control is the use of algorithms and techniques that allow the system to automatically adjust its control parameters in real time depending on changes in external conditions. This allows the system to maintain stable operation and optimal performance even under changing loads, ambient temperatures, wear and tear and other factors. The benefits of adaptive management include:
- Automatic Parameter Tuning: Instead of manually adjusting control parameters, adaptive control allows the system to automatically adjust these parameters based on changing operating conditions.
- Disturbance Tolerance: Adaptive control allows the system to quickly respond to disturbances, such as load changes or external disturbances, and adjust its parameters to maintain stable operation.
- Performance Optimization: By automatically optimizing control parameters, adaptive control allows the system to achieve maximum performance under all operating conditions.
- Reduced energy consumption: By optimizing system performance, adaptive control can also help reduce energy consumption and improve drive energy efficiency [9-13].
Conclusion. Optimization and control of asynchronous electric drives play a key role in increasing the productivity and efficiency of pumping machines. Using control methods such as speed vector control and PWM, the speed and voltage can be accurately controlled, ensuring stable drive performance under various operating conditions. The use of feedback and adaptive control allows the system to automatically adapt to changing conditions and compensate for possible disturbances, ensuring high accuracy and reliability of operation. Overall, these control methods work together to ensure optimal performance and efficiency of induction drives, making them an important element of modern industrial systems.
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