8Original scientific paper Economics of Agriculture 3/2017
UDC: 636.4.083
OPTIMAL FLOCK STRUCTURE OF PIG FARM PROVIDING
MINIMUM COSTS
Ivan Micic1, Zoran Rajic2, Jelena Zivkovic3, Dragan Orovic4, Marko Micic5,
Ivana Micic6, Marija Micic7
Abstract
The study deals with the analysis of production costs, as well as the net area in the production of the herd of organizational structures at the pig farm. The question arises of the optimum production structure in the cooperative household, which is mainly oriented to the production ofPigmeat. In this paper, a concrete model of linear programming for the optimal organizational structure of the herd ofpig farms of the net effective area was defined. The research covered the cooperative farm "l.Decembr" in Zitorada in Toplicki district. For 2013, the production technology of agricultural animals was followed, and economic results were analyzed. In the observed period of one year. It was found that there were 28,252 throats on the farm. Total agricultural growth in 2013 amounted to 664,920 kg, in the amount of 781,569.7 €. Total death: piglets on wolves 6,315 throats, stuffed pigs 3,425 throats, 17,150 kg, tooth 928 throats, 40,980 kg, pigs 67 throats 13,930 kg, immature 3 throat 890 kg
Key words: crop rotation, surface area by throat, increment, death, minimum costs JEL: Q12, Q13
1 Ivan Micic M.A., Ph.D. student, University in Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina street no. 6, 11080 Zemun, Serbia, Phone: +381 11 261 53 15, E-mail: divanlav@gmail.com
2 Zoran Rajic Ph.D., Full Professor, University in Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina street no. 6, 11080 Zemun, Serbia, Phone: +381 11 261 53 15, E-mail:zorajic@agrif.bg.ac.rs
3 Jelena Zivkovic M.A., University in Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina street no. 6, 11080 Zemun, Serbia, Phone: +381 63 878 82 51, E-mail:zivkovic@jaxoo.com
4 Dragan Orovic M.A., Ph.D. student, University in Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina street no. 6, 11080 Zemun, Serbia, Phone: +381 69870 25 20, E-mail: draganorovic@gmail.com
5 Marko Micic, graduate economist, University of Nis, Faculty of Economics, Trg Kralja Aleksandra Ujedinitelja no. 11, Nis, Serbia, Phone: +381 63 680 040, E-mail: markomicic89@gmail.com
6 Ivana Micic M.A, Ph.D. student, University of Nis, Faculty of Economics, Trg Kralja Aleksandra Ujedinitelja no. 11 Nis, Serbia, Phone: +381 63 233 603, E-mail: ivancica@gmail.com
7 Marija Micic M.A, Ph.D. student, University of Nis, Faculty of Technology in Leskovac, Bulevar Oslobodenja no. 124, Leskovac, Serbia, Phone: +381 62 867 45 98, E-mail: marija84micic@gmail.com
Introduction
Regardless of the market-oriented pig production, it is very difficult to provide a detailed insight into the poultry farm's turnover in pig production, which is the basis of the research in the work and proving its net effective surface area of the main structure in the production process. (Andric, 1998; Micic et al., 2016a) find that with the increase in the number of deciduous piglets by sows from 10 to 20 heads of pigs, the price of piglet is reduced by 79.09%, while the costs of sows increase by 11.67% per year. (Dzinic et al., 2003; Petrovic et al., 2010; Micic, 2014) states that the improvement of the genetic basis of pigs is an indispensable prerequisite for achieving the highest intensity in this branch of livestock production.(Petrovicet al., 2010; Vidovic et al.,2012) state that the annual genetic progress for daily gain was 8-11 g, for food conversion between 0.03 and 0.05 kg, as well as 0.35 - 1.00% for meat content in Hemispheres. (Tomovic et al., 2005; Micic et al., 2016b) find that in the foreseeable future, on the basis of previous research and results in practice, there are opinions that the production of freight can be expected to have much better results as well: The framework organizational structure should move within the following limits : Piglets 20-25%, breeding fowls 5-8%, fattening pigs 70-80%, sows 4-8% and non-fennel 0,3-5%.(Radovic, 2002;Rajic, 2003; Micic et al., 2016b) state that the next space is planned for an individual of certain categories:piglets on cheese 0,4 m2, breeding pig 0,7 m2, pig fodder 1,2 m2, sowers 1,5 m2 and nests 1,8 m2. The costs of certain categories of holding are as follows: for a pig 700 dinars, piglets for breeding (breeding subspecies) 1,800 dinars, pig meat 3,500 dinars, sowers 5,000 dinars and non-salty 4,000 dinars. The same author states that "The specificity of livestock production is conditioned by the fact that in addition to the final line of livestock production (" final categories "), there are several other categories. There are two possible variants in defining livestock variables. The first implies that each category of livestock represents a separate activity and is expressed by a physical or conditional number of throats, While the second variant predicts that in the model only the final category of a particular livestock is figured, and that the necessary inputs and predicted outputs of the accompanying categories cumulatively point out through the final category. (Zivkovic, Perunovic, 2012; Petrovic et al., 2013; Zekic et al., 2013; Micic et al., 2016a) They conclude that studies related to the economic parameters of pig production are related to costs in the first stage of the production process and the determination of the total costs of individual categories of pigs they hold using the optimal organizational structure of rotation of crops on the farm, which provides minimal costs.
The aim of the research
In proofing and research, a scientific method was first used, whose application allows to explain and predict the relationship between certain relevant inputs and the results of the achieved effects in the production of pigs. In accordance with the strategy of developing the production of fatteners, the aim of the research is to increase the quality of production in pig breeding with the highest number of analyzed and realized
economic parameters, originating from noble pure breeds, which are grown on farms in Serbia. When creating this work, data from multiple sources was used. These are the quantities of production, analysis of pig production for a longer period of time. The analysis of such data alone would not be possible if it was not approved by the farm, and the data were further processed by math-statistical methods.
Material and methods
The research covered the cooperative agricultural farm "1 December" in Zitorada. The said farm has a closed production cycle that includes the production of fattening pigs. The farm produced 28,829 piglets in 2013. In 2013, 75 persons with appropriate qualifications were employed in the farm. Costs in the production of farm animals on the farm are based on natural indicators determined on the basis of the investigations carried out in 2013. Costs are covered on the basis of the norms of the required space and equipment, approach to the estimation of depreciation costs, on the basis of which the categories of fixed costs are calculated. When determining the surface of a pig, it starts from an independent variable. For conclusions, farm production parameters, costs, increment, total increase and mortality were monitored. The significance of the results of the research in the production of fattening pigs were monitored independently on the farm in 2013.
Results and Discussion
The strategy of pig production, within the scope of research, was analyzed at the farm:
- Planting herds on the farm in 2013,
- Limitations: Accommodation capacities, organizational structure of herds on the farm,
- Criteria Function: Minimum Farm Costs.
In addition to theoretical explanation and application on the general examples, the efficiency of the optimal surface on the case of fattening pigs in 2013 on the farm was also shown. The costs of pig production on the farm are based on natural indicators.
In the cooperative household, the calculation of costs was made in accordance with the production processes. Costs also relate to the process of production, space and equipment that is carried out on the basis of norms.
Plantation of a herd on a pig farm "l.Decenbar "in Zitoradza in 2013
For the pig farming on the farm, the price of all products is taken into account. More information on this is shown in (Tables 1,3,5,7,9 and 11,). The entry status of all categories of pigs for the period from 01.01.to 31.12. 2013.is shown.
Table 2,4,6,8,10 and 12 show the output status of all types of pigs for the period until 31 December 2013.
Table 1. Input condition
No. category livestock Admission for the period from 01.01. to 31. 12. 2013
Balance at the beginningyears Translated all
Who kg from the group Who kg Who kg
1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10
1. Prasad Pigs 7132
2. suckling from breeding sows 657
3. Boars from breeding boars 4
4. Pigs 7.132 from weaning piglets 27649 35442
Source: Authors' calculation based on data from Micic, 2013
Table 2. Output status
Output for the period until 31 12 2013
Translated slaughtered died Sold Balance at end of year all Growth in kg 23-15
a group Who kg Who kg Who kg Who kg kg
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
prefattening
extracted sows 186 36720 475 107634
fatling 6983 195080 982 40980 18570 1960320 7568
internal realization 682 68200
Pigs 35442 2354934 3019854 664920
Source: Authors' calculation based on data from Micic, 2013
Table 3. Input condition
No. category livestock Admission for the period from 01.01. to 31. 12. 2013
Balance at the beginningyears Amount Translated all
Who kg Rsd from the group Who kg Who kg
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1. Prasad suckling Pigs
2. pigs1.1.13. 2858 8574 1243230 Prasad
3. Oprihodovano 37642 40500 8574
In total 40500 8574 1243230
Source: Authors' calculation based on data from Micic, 2013
Table 4. Output status
Output for the period until 31 12 2013
Translated slaughtered Died Sold Balance at end of year all Growth in kg 23-15
a group Who kg Who kg Who kg Who kg Who kg rsd
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
In weaned piglets 31308 156540 6315 22698300
pigs 31.12.13 2877 8631 1251495
In total 40500 165171 23949795
State 1.1.13 40500 8574 1243230 156597
Growth - 156597 22706565
Source: Authors' calculation based on data from MiciC, 2013
Table 5. Input condition
No. category livestock Admission for the period from 01.01. to 31. 12. 2013
Balance at the beginningyears Balance at the beginningyears
Who Who Who Who
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
weaned piglets Pigs
1. pigs 1.1.13. 4371 65565 9506925 npacag
2. Translated piglets 31308 156540 22698300 35679 222105
3. In total 35679 222105 32205225
Source: Authors' calculation based on data from Micic, 2013
Table 6. Output status
Output for the period until 31 12 2013
Translated slaughtered Died Sold Balance at end of year all Growth in kg 23-15
a group Who kg Who kg Who kg Who kg Who kg rsd
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Prasad fattening 27649 552980 3425 17125 80182100
pigs 31.12.13 4605 73680 10683600
In total 35679 643785 90865700
State 1.1.13 35679 222105 32205225 421680
Growth - 421680 58660475
Source: Authors' calculation based on data from Micic, 2013 EP 2017 (64) 3 (1003-1018)
Table 7. Input state
No. Category Livestock Entrance for the period from 01.01.2013
StanjenaBeginning years Amount Translated Everything
Who kg Rsd from the group Who kg Who kg
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Breeding gilts Pigs
1. Pigs01.01.2013. 560 73920 10718400
2. Translated from the site 682 68200 9889000 1242 142120
3. In total 1242 142120 20607400
Source: Authors' calculation based on data from Micic, 2013 Table 8. Output status
Output for the period until 31 12 2013
Translated Slaughtered Died Sold Balance at the end of the year Everything Amount Growth In kg 23-13
a group Who kg Who kg Who kg Who kg Who kg rsd
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Sows 781 117150 16986750
Pigs 31.12.13 461 58335 8458575
In total 1242 175485 25445325
Pigs 01.01.13 1242 142120 20607400 33365
Growth - 33365 4837925
Source: Authors' calculation based on data from Micic, 2013
Table 9. Input state
No. Category Livestock Entrance for the period from 01.01.2013
Stanjena Beginning years Amount Translated Everything
Who kg Rsd From the group Who kg Who kg
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Breeding sows Pigs
1. Pigs 01.01.13. 1534 268450 38925250
2. Translated 781 117150 16986750 2315 385600
3. In total 2315 385600 55912000
Source: Authors' calculation based on data from Micic, 2013
Table 10. Output status
Output for the period until 31 12 2013
Translated Slaughtered Died Sold Balance at the end of the year Everything Amount Growth In kg 23-13
a group Who kg Who kg Who kg Who kg Who kg rsd
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Sows 657 144354 20931330
Sows 67 13930 2019850
Pigs 31.12.13 1591 278425 40371625
In total 2315 436709 63322805
Pigs 01.01.13 2315 385600 55912000 51109
Growth - 51109 7410805
Source: Authors' calculation based on data from MiciC, 2013
Table 11.Input state
Entrance for the period from 01.01.2013
No. Category Livestock Stanjena Beginning years Amount Translated Everything
Who kg Rsd From the group Who kg Who kg
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Breeding nerves Pigs
1. Pigs1.1.13. 35 7770 1243200
2. Purchased nerves 6 771 253704 41 8541
3. In total 41 8541 1380354
Source: Authors' calculation based on data from Micic, 2013
Table 12. Output status
Output for the period until 31 12 2013
Translated Slaughte red Died Sold Balance at the end of the year Everything Amount Growth In kg 23-13
a group Who kg Who kg Who kg Who kg Who kg rsd
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Unruly 4 1320 191400
Unruly 3 890 129050
Pigs 31.12.2013 34 8500 1232500
In total 41 10710 1552950
Pigs01.01.2013 41 8541 1380354 2169
Growth - 2169 172596
Source: Authors' calculation based on data from Micic, 2013
Note: Table 1,3,5,7,9 and 11 shows the entry status of all types of pigs for the period from01.01 to 31.12.2013. Table 2,4,6,8,10 and 12 show the output status of all types of pigs for the period until 31 December 2013.
Table 13.Livestock income on farm for 2013.
Category of livestock Kg Amount (€)
Piglets on cheese 156.597 189.221,4
Closed piglets 421.680 488.837,3
Breeding gilts 33.365 40.316,0
Breeding sows 51.109 61.756,7
Breeding nerves 2.169 1.438,3
Total increase 664.920 781.569,7
Source: Authors' calculation based on data from Micic, 2013 Table 14.Will end up at the farm for 2013.
January-December Piglets on cheese Closed piglets Running pigs Breeding sows Breeding nerves
Moon Who Who kg Who kg Who kg Who kg
I 515 270 5 141 6140 7 1490
II 510 280 5 106 4750 4 850
III 550 290 5 118 4570 4 860
IV 540 280 5 79 3300 5 1070 3 890
January-December Piglets on cheese Closed piglets Running pigs Breeding sows Breeding nerves
Moon Who Who kg Who kg Who kg Who kg
V 520 320 5 84 3420 3 630
VI 540 285 5 67 2760 6 1230
VII 510 290 5 64 2670 10 2040
VIII 510 285 5 50 2140 7 1420
IX 540 300 5 63 2590 3 630
X 540 285 5 64 2690 6 1200
XI 530 270 5 69 2960 5 1020
XII 510 270 5 77 2990 7 1490
In total 6.315 3.425 17.150 982 40.980 67 13.930 3 890
Source: Authors' calculation based on data from Micic, 2013
Note: Table 13 shows the increase in livestock of all types of pigs for the period from
01/01/2013 to 31/12/2013, and in Table 14, the cattle will die in the farm in 2013
Setting a model to solve a defined problem
When setting the model, we first define the production lines that take into account to enter the optimal production structure.
In the model model, it starts from the assumption that in the selected livestock capacities the optimal organizational structure of the flock of a pig farmer's net effective area of 12 000 m2, by linear programming, is determined.
The organizational structure should be framed within the following limits:
Piglets 20-25% Breeding subspecies 5-8% Fattening pigs 70-80% Sows 4-8% i Unbreakable 0,3-5%.
The following space is planned for the individual of certain categories: piglets on cheese 0,4 m2, breeding pig 0,7 m2, pig fodder 1,2 m2, sowers 1,5 m2 and nests 1,8 m2.
The costs of individual holding categories are as follows:
For a piglet 700 dinars, piglets for breeding (breeding subspecies) 1,800 dinars, pig meat 3,500 dinars, sowers 5,000 dinars and non-dinner 4,000 dinars.
In our case, it is defined through the number of livestock category cattle, accommodation capacities, organizational structure of herds and direct costs per unit of capacity.
In solving the model, it is necessary to define the economic function of the criteria.
1. Independent variable:
Xi - number of livestock category cattle "and" I = 1 (1) 5 - cattle categories I = 1 - piglets
I = 2 - breeding subspecies I = 3 - fattening pigs I = 4 - sows I = 5 - unbreakable
2. Limitations:
a) Accommodation capacities
0,4 m2 / throat X1 (throat) + 0,7 X2 + 1,2 X3 + 1,5 X4 + 1,8 X5 = 12,000 m2
b) Organizational structure of the herd
X1 > 0,20 (X1 + X2 + X3 + X4 + X5); 0,80 X1 - 0,20 (X2 + X3 + X4 + X5)> 0 X1 < 0,25 (X1 + X2 + X3 + X4 + X5); 0,75 X1 - 0,25 (X2 + X3 + X4 + X5)< 0
X2 > 0,05 (X1 + X2 + X3 + X4 + X5); 0,95 X2 - 0,05 (X1 + X3 + X4 + X5)> 0 X2 < 0,08 (X1 + X2 + X3 + X4 + X5); 0,92 X2 - 0,08 (X1 + X3 + X4 + X5)< 0
X3 > 0,7 (X1 + X2 + X3 + X4 + X5); 0,3 X3 - 0,7 (X1 + X2+ X4 + X5)> 0 X3 < 0,8 (X1 + X2 + X3 + X4 + X5); 0,2 X3 - 0,8 (X1 + X2 + X4 + X5) 0
X4 > 0,04 (X1 + X2 + X3 + X4 + X5); 0,96 X4 - 0,04 (X1 + X2 + X3 + X5)> 0 X4 < 0,08 (X1 + X2 + X3 + X4 + X5); 0,92 X4 - 0,08 (X1 + X2 + X3 + X5)< 0
X5 > 0,003(X1 + X2 + X3 + X4 + X5); 0,997X5 - 0,003(X1 + X2 + X3 +X4)>0 X5 < 0,05 (X1 + X2 + X3 + X4 + X5); 0,95 X5 - 0,05 (X1 + X2 + X3 + X4)< 0
3. Function of criteria:
Minimum expenses
700 din / throatX1 (throat) + 1,800 X 2 + 3,500 X 3 + 5,000 X 4 + 4,000 X 5 = V (min)
In setting up the model of the optimal structure of the household, one of the most important issues is defining the factors over the corresponding onesWhich will, through the linear programming model, essentially influence the flow of the solution and the selection of the structure of pig production.
Projection of the optimization of the structure of pig production is based on the achieved
average production and economic results in order to compare the projected and actual production structure and economic results.
Task solution: MIN
700X1 + 1800X2 + 3500X3 + 5000X4 + 4000X5 SUBJECT TO
0.4X1 + 0.7X2 + 1.2X3 + 1.5X4 + 1.8X5 = 12000 0.80X1 - 0.20X2 - 0.20X3 - 0.20X4 - 0.20X5 > 0 0.75X1 - 0.25X2 - 0.25X3 - 0.25X4 -0.25X5 < 0 0.95X2 - 0.05X1 - 0.05X3 - 0.05X4 - 0.05X5 > 0 0.92X2 - 0.08X1 - 0.08X3 - 0.08X4 - 0.08X5 < 0 0.3X3 - 0.7X1 - 0.7X2 - 0.7X4 - 0.7X5 > 0 0.2X3 - 0.8X1 - 0.8X2 - 0.8X4 - 0.8X5 < 0 0.96X4 - 0.04X1 - 0.04X2 - 0.04X3 - 0.04X5 > 0 0.92X4 - 0.08X1 - 0.08X2 - 0.08X3 - 0.08X5 < 0 0.997 X5 - 0.003X1 - 0.003X2 - 0.003X3 - 0.003X4 > 0 0.95X5 - 0.05X1 - 0.05X2 - 0.05X3 - 0.05X4 < 0 END
LP OPTIMUM FOUND AT STEP 6
OBJECTIVE FUNCTION VALUE
0.2575503E+08
VARIABLE VALUE REDUCED COST
X1 X2 X3 X4 X5
2516.778564 335.570465 5033.557129 419.463074 83.892616
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
ROW SLACK OR SURPLUS DUAL PRICES
2) 0.000000 -2575.503418
3) 419.463074 0.000000
4) 0.000000 427.348999
5) 83.892616 0.000000
6) 83.892616 0.000000
7) 0.000000 -197.147644
8) 838.926147 0.000000
9) 0.000000 -1424.496704
10) 2516.778564 0.000000
11) 41.946312 0.000000
12) 0.000000 90.604027 RANGES IN WHICH THE BASIS IS UNCHANGED:
OBJ COEFFICIENT RANGES
VARIABLE CURRENT ALLOWABLE ALLOWABLE
COEF INCREASE DECREASE
X1 800.000000 397.347900 300.000000 X2 2000.000000 192.622940 87.096779 X3 4000.000000 2830.000000 150.000000 X4 6000.000000 6714.285645 1486.865234 X5 5000.000000 91.525421 INFINITY RIGHTHAND SIDE RANGES
ROW CURRENT ALLOWABLE ALLOWABLE
RHS INCREASE DECREASE
2 10000.000000 INFINITY 9999.999023
3 0.000000 419.463074 INFINITY
4 0.000000 84.104294 83.682007
5 0.000000 83.892616 INFINITY
6 0.000000 INFINITY 83.892616
7 0.000000 83.402832 84.388184
8 0.000000 INFINITY 838.926147
9 0.000000 83.194679 84.602364
10 0.000000 INFINITY 2516.778564
11 0.000000 41.946312 INFINITY
12 0.000000 83.056480 42.158520
Conclusion
Based on the analysis of the situation in the production and the optimal organizational structure of the livestock farm, which ensures minimal costs in the amount of 25,755,000 dinars, the following structure of the herd has been achieved: 2.517 heads of pigs, 336 seeds of juvenile breeding, pigs 5.034 heads, 419 sows and nerazoles 84 throats. Total deaths on the farm in 2013 were: pigs on cheese 6,315 heads, 3,425 heads, 17,150 kg pigs, 988 heads, 40,980 kg pigs, 67 seeds, 13,930 kg breeders and 890 kg of unadjusted 3 heads. The total increase in livestock per farm for the first year is 664.920 kg, from 781.569,7 EUR. Another argument in the request for determining the costs of pig production according to the meat share, which was shown in the farm's research, is that it is best to close the entire production cycle. This is primarily the market for fattening pigs, piglets and pig meat in Serbia in 2013. After the research, a number of very important questions were answered in the paper: the level of costs is not such as to stimulate pig farmers, and the price affects the volume of production. Consumption of pork is cyclically reduced due to relatively high prices and a decline in living standards in the Republic of Serbia. The new scientific findings in pig breeding have come to light, the advantages of this method of training have been examined and scientific contribution has been given to the improvement of the development of pig production, for which Serbia, along with pig breeding tradition, has excellent geographical ecological potentials. As the final conclusion of these studies, pig farms may be recommended to be organized into production groups, co-operatives, clusters or franchisees (franchisees) or franchisees (franchises) to be able to place their products at higher prices. The basis for achieving better production results is a change in the type of production, meals, facilities, mechanization of work processes, farm size, intensity, rational management of costs in farm conditions. Because of their specificity, primarily biological character, each line of agricultural production must be viewed and organized as a complex process composed of a number of elements having one goal, namely achieving as good a result as possible with a lower investment unit. In Serbian swineyard, there is a traditionalism that needs to undergo fundamental changes in order to achieve the desired results. Such results can be achieved only in the case of the establishment of a fully functional closed system of breeding. There is a traditionalism in Serbian swine that needs to go through fundamental changes in order to achieve the desired results. Such results can be achieved only in the case of the establishment of a fully functional closed herd breeding system.
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OPTIMALNA STRUKTURA SVINJA NA FARMI SA MINIMALNIM PROIZVODNIM TROSKOVIMA
Ivan Micic8, Zoran Rajic9, Jelena Zivkovic10, Dragan Orovic11, Marko Micic12,
Ivana Micic13, Marija Micic14
Rezime
Studija se bavi analizom obrta stada svinjogojske farme u proizvodnji svinjskog mesa u Srbiji, kao i neto efektivne povrsine oprimalne organizacione structure tovljenika u farmskim uslovima. Postavlja se pitanje optimalne structure proizvodnje na zadruznom gazdinstvu, koja je uglavnom orijentisano na proizvodnji tovnih svinja. U
radu je definisan i uraäen konkretan model linearnog programiranja za optimalnu organizacionu strukturu stada svinjarske farme neto efektivne povrsin., Istrazivanje je obuhvatilo zadruznu farmu „1. Decembr" u Zitoradi u Toplickom okrugu. Za 2013 godinu pracena je tehnologija proizvodnje tovljenika na farmi, i analizirani su ekonomski rezultati. Tokom jednogodisnjeg posmatranog perioda.Utvräeno je da je na farmi uzgoj tovljenika bio je 28.252 grla. Ukupni prirast na farmi, u 2013. godini bio je 664.920 kg, u iznosu od 781.569,7 €. Ukupno uginuce: prasadi na sisi 6.315 grla, zalucenaprasad 3.425 grla, 17.150 kg, tovnih svinja 928 grla, 40.980 kg, krmace 67 grla 13.930 kg, nerastova 3 grla 890 kg.
Kljucne reci: obrt stada, povrsine po grlu, prirast, uginuce, minimalni troskovi
8 Mr Ivan Micic, doktorant, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Nemanjina ulica br. 6, 11080 Zemun, Srbija, Telefon: +381 62 973 11 58, E-mail: divanlav@gmail.com
9 Redovni profesor, dr Zoran Rajic, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Nemanjina ulica br. 6, 11080 Zemun, Srbija, Telefon: +381 11 261 53 15, E-mail: /orajic@agrir.bg.ac.rs
10 Jelena Zivkovic, Master, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Nemanjina ulica br. 6, 11080 Zemun, Srbija, Telefon: +381 11 261 53 15, E-mail: /ivkovic@yahoo.com
11 Mr Dragan Orovic, doktorant, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Nemanjina ulica br. 6, 11080 Zemun, Srbija, Telefon: +381 69870 25 20, E-mail: draganorovic@gmail.com
12 Marko Micic, diplomirani ekonomista, Univerzitet u Nisu, Ekonomski fakultet, Trg Kralja Aleksandra Ujedinitelja br. 11, 18000 Nis, Srbija, Telefon: +381 63 680 040, E-mail: markomicic89@gmail.com
13 Ivana Micic M.A., doktorand, Univerzitet u Nisu, Ekonomski fakultet, Trg Kralja Aleksandra Ujedinitelja br. 11, 18000 Nis, Srbija, Telefon: +381 63 233 603, E-mail: ivancica@gmail.com
14 Marija Micic M.A., doktorant, Univerzitet u Nisu, Tehnoloski fakultet u Leskovcu, Bulevar Oslobodenja br. 124, 16000 Leskovac, Srbija, Telefon: +381 62 867 45 98, E-mail: marija84micic@gmail.com
