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Ukrainian Journal of Ecology
Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 2020, 10(4), 122-126, doi: 10.15421/2020_178
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Operating value and economic efficiency of Large White breed
sows
V. Khalak1, B. Gutyj2, O. Bordun3, A. Horchanok4, M. Ilchenko5, S. Smyslov5,
L. Lytvyshchenko4, L. Kuzmenko6
1State Institution Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS, Dnipro, Ukraine 2Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies Lviv, Ukraine 3Institute of Agriculture of Northern East of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine,
Sumy, Ukraine
4Dnipro State University of Agriculture and Economics, Dnipro, Ukraine 5Institute of Pig Breeding and Agroindustrial Production, Poltava, Ukraine 6Poltava State Agrarian Academy, Poltava, Ukraine
Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Received: 13.07.2020. Accepted 26.08.2020
The article deals with the reproductive qualities of Large White breed sows of Hungarian origin and their operational value. We also determined they economic efficiency. The experimental part of the research was conducted in agricultural formations of Dnipro region (AALLC "Druzhba-Kaznachejivka", Ltd. "Vidrodzhennja") and livestock laboratories of the State establishment Institute of Grain Crops NAAS. Evaluation of sows on the main indicators of the level of adaptation and reproductive qualities was performed taking into account the following quantitative characteristics: life expectancy, months, duration of breeding use, farrowing was obtained, total piglets were obtained, heads, live piglets were obtained, heads, fertility of heads, nest masst at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days (kg), preservation (%), duration of between farrowing period, days, number of unproductive days per farrowing. It is defined that sows of Large White breed of the controlled herd on the main indicators of reproductive qualities (fertility, head; nest mass at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days, kg) meet the minimum requirements of class I and elite class. A significant difference between the groups of animals of the categories "high operational value" and "low operational value" was defined by indicators "life expectancy, months" (29.9 months, td = 13.71), "duration of breeding use, months" (29.6 months, td = 14.50), "farrowings were obtained" (5.7 farrowings, td = 14.50), "total piglets were obtained, heads" (70.5, heads, td = 13.85), "obtained live piglets, heads" (67.7 heads, td = 20.83), "fertility, heads " (3.3 heads, td = 10.31), nest mass at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days (6.5 kg, td = 2.55). Coefficients of phenotypic consolidation of signs of reproductive qualities in sows of different operational value ranged from -0.785 to +0.856. The maximum supplement in additional products on the indicator "nest mass at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days, kg" was obtained from sows of the category "high operational value" - 6.03%.
Keywords: sow, breed, reproductive qualities, life expectancy, operational value, phenotypic consolidation coefficient, economic efficiency, variability.
Introduction
The experience of specialists of agricultural formations, as well as researches of domestic and foreign scientists testify that the current issues of development of the pig industry, along with improving the conditions of feeding and keeping animals of different production groups, there is the introduction of objective methods for assessing the breeding value of repair young stock, sows and breeding boars of the main herd (DNA markers, BLUP method, evaluative and selective indices), selection of highly productive animals and their intensive use (Mikhaylova, 2017; Kabanov, 2009; Voloshchuk, 2014; Berezovsky & Vashchenko, 2015; Hryshyna & Fesenko, 2015; Rybalko, 2015; Gutyj et al., 2017; Kozyr et al., 2019; Martyshuk et al., 2020; Khalak et al., 2020). In connection with the intensive import of pigs of foreign selection to Ukraine, important factors in the formation of a highly productive herd of pigs are the research of the level of their adaptation and operational value. This is confirmed by scientific developments of domestic and foreign scientists (Bazhov & Komlatskiy, 1989; Herasymov et al., 2003; Kodak, 2010; Usenko et al., 2019).
123 Operating value and economic efficiency
The purpose of the work is to investigate the reproductive qualities of sows of Large White breed of different operational value, to calculate the coefficients of phenotypic consolidation of this group of signs and the economic efficiency of research results. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were provided:
- on the basis of data of primary zootechnical documentation and results of own researches to give the characteristic of indicators of reproductive qualities of sows of Large White breed of the controlled herd;
- to determine the operational value of sows;
- to calculate the coefficients of phenotypic consolidation of signs of reproductive qualities of sows of different operational value and economic efficiency of research results.
Material and Methods
The research was conducted in terms of breeding sires for breeding Large White pigs AALLC "Druzhba-Kaznachejivka" Dnipro region and the laboratory of animal husbandry of the State establishment Institute of Grain Crops NAAS. The evaluation of sows of Large White breed on the main indicators of the level of adaptation and reproductive qualities was carried out taking into account the following quantitative characteristics: life expectancy, months, duration of breeding use, farrowings were obtained, total piglets were obtained, heads, live piglets were obtained, heads, fertility, heads, nest mass at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days (kg), preservation (%), duration of between farrowing period, days, number of unproductive days per farrowing.
The operational value of sows of Large White breed of the controlled herd was determined by the method (Koryazhnov, 1985) (Table 1).
Table 1. Rating scale of the operational value of sows
The level of operational value Operating value per farrowed sow E1 (total piglets) E1 (including viable) Operating value per inseminated sow E2 (total piglets) E2 (including viable)
Low < 25 < 20 < 25 <15
Average 26-40 21-30 21-44 16-34
High > 50 > 40 > 45 > 35
Selection index of sow reproductive qualities (SIRQS)(1), coefficients of phenotypic consolidation of quantitative signs of sows (K1, K2) (2, 3) and economic efficiency of research results (4) were calculated by the formulas:
SIRQS = 6 * Xi + 9.34 * (X2/X3) (1) where: SIRQS - selection index of reproductive qualities of sows, score, X1 - fertility, heads.; X2 - nest mass of piglets at weaning, kg; X3 - age at the time of weaning, days (Tserenyuk et al., 2010);
o г
K 1 = 1 "
" J (2) CUL (3)
Cv 3
where: a s and Cv s - an average quadratic deviation and coefficient of variability of signs in the group, a 3 and Cv 3 - an average quadratic deviation and coefficient of variability in animals of the general population (Polupan, 1996);
AAP x AA E = PP x -x CC x NA
100 (4)
where: E - cost of additional products, UAH; PP - purchase price per unit of output, in accordance with existing prices operating in Ukraine; AAP - average productivity of animals; AA - the average allowance of the main product (%), which is expressed as a percentage per 1 head when using a new and improved selection achievement compared to the productivity of animals of basic use; CC - constant coefficient of reduction of the result, which is associated with additional costs for profitable products (0.75); NA - the number of livestock of new or improved breeding achievement, heads.
Biometric processing of the obtained research results was performed according to the method (Lakin, 1990).
Results and discussion
It is established that the life expectancy of sows of the main herd is 43.9±1.95 Mic. (lim — 21.7-87.0; Cv — 35.34%), duration of breeding use -32.6±1.92 months (lim — 9.6-71.9; Cv — 46.89%), farrowings were obtained - 6.0±0.35 (lim — 2-12; Cv — 47.18%), piglets of all - 65.5±4.35 heads (lim — 8-145 heads; Cv — 52.79%), got live piglets - 62.2±4.12 heads (lim — 7-135 heads; Cv — 53.53%), fertility - 10.1±0.20 heads (lim — 3-13 heads; Cv—15.90%), nest mass at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days -77.0±1.00 kg. (lim—54,1 -95,1 kg; Cv — 10.37%), preservation - 95.0±0.75% (lim — 79-100%), duration between the farrowing period - 175.5±3.92 days (lim — 147-279 days; Cv — 17.72%), the number of unproductive days per farrowing - 27.0±2.87 days (lim — 398 days; Cv — 84.47%). Breeding index of reproductive qualities of sows (SIRQS) ranges from 43.46 to 101.55 points.
The number of sows from which 84-135 live piglets were obtained during the breeding period is 29.04%, 42-81 heads. - 43.54%, 7-39 heads. - 27.42%.
The levels of adaptation and reproductive qualities of various operational value are given in Table 2.
Table 2. Indicators of life expectancy, breeding use, level of adaptation and reproductive qualities of sows of different operational value
Indicators, units of measurement Biometric indicator high Operational value average low
n 37 19 7
Life expectancy, months X ± Sx 53.9±1.97 31.8±1.17 24.0±0.94
a±Sa 12.01±1.396 5.11±0.829 2,49±0,665
cv±scv,% 22.28±2.590 16.07±2.608 10.37±2.772
X ± Sx 42.7±1.92 20.3±0.92 13.1±0.70
Duration of breeding use, months a±Sa 11.69±1.359 4.02±0.652 1.86±0.497
Cv±Scv,% 27.37±3.182 19.80±3.214 14.19±3.794
X ± Sx 7.9±0.34 3.7±0.18 2,2±0,18
Obtained farrowings a±Sa 2.09±0.243 0.80±0.129 0.48±0.128
Cv±Scv,% 26.45±3.086 21.62±3.509 21.81±5.831
X ± Sx 88.2±4.30 39.0±1.55 17.7±2.73
Obtained total piglets, heads a±Sa 26.17±3.043 6.79±1.102 7.22±1.930
Cv±Scv,% 29.67±3.450 17.41±2.826 40.79±10.906
X ± Sx 83.9±2.00 37.5±1.72 16.2±2.57
Obtained live piglets, heads a±Sa 24.05±2.796 7.53±1.222 6.82±1.823
Cv±Scv,% 28.67±3.337 20.08±3.259 42.09±11.254
X ± Sx 10.6±0.14 10.1±0.21 7.3±0.29
Fertility, heads a±Sa 0.89±0.103 0.94±0.152 1.22±0.700
Cv±Scv,% 8.39±0.975 9.30±1.509 16.71±4.467
The mass of the nest at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days, kg. X ± Sx a±Sa Cv±Scv,% 77.9±1.34 8.18±0.951 10.50±1.220 75.5±1.89 8.23±1.336 10.90±1.769 71.4±2.17 5.74±1.534 8.03±2.147
Preservation, % X ± Sx 94.0±1.00 95.6±1.40 99.2±0.80
lim 75.67-101.55 73.56-99.33 43.46-84.10
Selection index of sow reproductive X ± Sx 88.95±0.985 83.13±2.011 65.12±2.256
qualities (SIRQS), points a±Sa 6,60±0,764 6.96±1.129 7.77±2.077
Cv±Scv,% 7.41±0.861 8.37±1.358 11.93±3.189
Duration between the farrowing period, days X ± Sx a±Sa 167.8±3.30 20.07±2.333 175.0±5.23 22.80±3.701 217.1±22.78 60.27±16.114
Cv±Scv,% 11.96±1.390 13.02±2.113 27.76±7.422
Number of unproductive days per farrowing, days X ± Sx a±Sa Cv±Scv,% 23.1±3.36 20.47±2.380 88.61±10.303 26.9±3.88 16.92±2.746 62.89±10.209 47.8±14.17 37.49±10.024 78.43±20.970
We found that sows of the category "high operational value" dominated their peers of the opposite class "low operational value" in terms of life expectancy by 29.9 months. (td = 13.71, P <0.001), duration of breeding use - 29.6 months (td = 14.50, P <0.001 ). The difference between the animals of these groups on the indicators of "farrowings were obtained" is 5.7 of farrowings (td = 14.50, P <0.001), "obtained piglets in total, heads" - 70.5 heads (td = 13.85, P <0.001), "obtained live piglets, heads" - 67.7 heads (td = 20.83, P <0.001 ), "fertility, heads" - 3.3 heads (td = 10.31, P <0.001), the mass of the nest at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days - 6.5 kg. (td = 2.55, P <0.05), "selection index of reproductive qualities of sows (SIRQS), points" - 23.83 points (td = 9.68, P <0.001).
Maximum indicators "preservation, %", "duration of between farrowing period, days" and "number of unproductive days per farrowing" - 99.2±0.80%, 217.1±22.78 and 27.0±2.87 days, respectively, was found in sows of the category "low operational value".
Operating value and economic efficiency
125
The results of the calculation of the coefficients of phenotypic consolidation of signs of reproductive qualities of sows of different operational value are given in table 3.
Table 3. Coefficients of phenotypic consolidation of signs of reproductive qualities of sows of different operational value
Coefficients of Operational value
Indicators, units of measurement phenotypic consolidation high average low
n 33 104 36
obtained farrowings K1 0,159 0,725 0,856
K2 0,254 0,495 0,593
obtained piglets total, heads K1 K2 0,161 0,310 0,836 0,678 0,794 0,176
obtained live piglets, heads K1 K2 0,179 0,327 0,805 0,612 0,811 0,197
fertility, heads K1 K2 0,426 0,456 0,413 0,394 -0,785 -0,998
nest mass at the time of weaning at the age K1 0,047 -0,226 0,519
of 28 days, kg K2 0,061 -0,246 0,484
Coefficients of phenotypic consolidation of signs of reproductive qualities in sows of different operational value ranged from -0.785 to +0.856. The maximum values of the coefficient K1 were set on the indicator "obtained farrowings" and "obtained live piglets, heads" in sows of the category "low operational value" - +0.856 and +0.811, respectively. The K2 coefficient in sows of different operating ranges ranged from -0.998 to +0.678.
The results of the calculation of the economic efficiency of the use of sows of different operational value are shown in table 4. Table 4. Economic efficiency of research results
Group (operational value) n The mass of the nest at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days, kg Addition of additional products,% Cost of additional products, UAH/head *
The total sample 63 73.2±1.00 - -
low 7 71.4±2.17 -2.45 -60.93
average 19 75.5±1.89 +3.04 +75.60
high 37 77.9±1.34 +6.03 +149.96
Note: * - the selling price of young pigs on the date of the research was UAH 45.3. per 1 kg of live mass
We found that the maximum increase in additional products on the indicator "nest mass at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days, kg" was obtained from sows of the category "high operational value" - 6.03%. The cost of additional products received from animals of this group is +149.96 UAH/heads, provided that the sale price of young pigs to processing enterprises of the region at the time of the research is 45.3 UAH/kg.
Conclusions
The results of the researches show that sows of Large White breed of controlled herd for fertility (heads) and the mass of the nest at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days (kg) meet the minimum requirements of class I and elite class. Significant difference between groups of animals of categories "high operational value" and "low operational value" is established by the following indicators: "life expectancy, months." (29.9 months, td = 13.71), "duration of breeding use, months." (29.6 months, td = 14.50), "obtained farrowings" (5.7 farrowings, td = 14.50), "total piglets were obtained, heads" (70.5 heads, td = 13.85), "obtained live piglets, heads" (67.7 heads, td=20.83), "multiplicity, heads" (3.3 goals, td=10.31), "nest mass at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days (6.5 kg, td = 2.55). Maximum indicators "preservation, %", "duration of the between farrowing period, days" and "number of days per farrowing" was found in sows of the category "low operational value". Coefficients of phenotypic consolidation (K1, K2) of signs of reproductive qualities in sows of different operational value ranged from -0.785 to +0.856.
The maximum increase in additional products on the indicator "nest mass at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days, kg" was obtained from sows of the category "high operational value" - 6.03%. In the conditions of breeding plants and breeders, as well as industrial complexes, we propose to conduct a systematic assessment of sows of the main herd on the indicators of the level of adaptation and reproductive qualities. The selection of repair pigs should be carried out from animals of the category "high
Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 10(4), 2020
operational value" and taking into account the indicators of their own productivity and reproductive qualities in accordance
with the requirements of the Instructions for grading pigs.
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Citation:
Khalak, V., Gutyj, B., Bordun, O., Horchanok, A., Ilchenko, M., Smyslov, S., Lytvyshchenko, L., Kuzmenko, L. (2020). Large White breed sows.
Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 70(4), 122-126. I (CI)E^^^MI This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. License
