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Our groups recently identified several new anti-mycobacterial metabolites from Mangrove endophytes that include unusual halogenated flavonoids and gallic acid esters. These metabolites inhibit the growth of M. tuberculosis at low micromolar concentrations and show a favourable therapeutic index when tested
against human cells. The molecular targets of the respective fungal compounds were identified through whole genome sequencing of susceptible wild type strains and of resistant mutants. Current efforts aim at structural optimization of the active compounds guided by molecular modelling.
SCREENING OF MEXICAN MEDICINAL PLANTS FOR THE EFFECTS ON THE GROWTH OF TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI EPIMASTIGOTES
© Ramiro Quintanilla-Licea1, Isvar Kavim Ángeles Hernández1,
Sergio Arturo Galindo-Rodriguez1, Zinnia Judith Molina-Garza2, Lucio Galaviz-Silva2
Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Ave. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México;
1 Laboratorio de Fitoquímica;
2 Laboratorio de Patología Molecular
Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. This disease is also known as American trypanosomiasis, and approximately 6-7 million people are currently infected [1]. Nifurtimox has been used for over 40 years to treat Chagas disease. However, this drug is only effective during the acute phase of infection, and certain protozoan strains have developed resistance to treatment with it. The aim of this study was to screen the trypanocidal activity of 21 plants used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases related to parasitic infections.
Cultured T. cruzi epimastigotes were incubated for 96 h with different concentrations of aqueous and methanol extracts obtained from A. vera, C. obtusifolia, C. sativum, C. longa, G. glutinosum, I. sonorae, L. tridentata, N. cochenillifera, O. europea, O. ficus-indica, P. marginatus, P. bustamanta, S. aristolochiifolia, S. hispida, S. marginatum, S. rebaudiana, T. officinale, T. Astans, T. foenum-graecum, T. diffusa and U. dioica. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined for each extract via a colorimetric method [2].
Of the 21 plants studied, only 12 plants showed inhibitory activity against T. cruzi above 30%. For eight plants both aqueous and methanol extracts showed inhibitory activity. The most active extracts in this study were the methanol extracts of Gymnosperma glutinosum (95.81% inhibition, IC50 16.98 |ig/mL), Trigonella foenum-graecum (95.99% inh ibition, IC50 18.52 ^g/mL) and Larrea tridentata (98.96% inhibition, IC50 35.68 ^g/mL). The IC„ values of the most active extracts are far
50
less effective than Nifurtimox (IC50 10 ^g/mL), but these medicinal plants may represent a valuable source of new bioactive compounds for the treatment of trypanosomiasis.
References:
1. WHO (World Health Organization), 2017. Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis). In: Fact Sheet No 340, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/ fs340/en/.
2. Molina-Garza ZJ. Bazaldúa-Rodríguez AF, Quint-anilla-Licea R, Galaviz-Silva L. 2014. Acta Tropica. 136: 14-18.
ONLINE RETRIEVAL OF DOCUMENTS ON MEDICINAL PLANTS FOR DIABETES THERAPY
© Arno RiederFabiana Aparecida Caidart Rodrigues2
University of the State of Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Brazil
Many people in the world, at some point, can not afford online access to information. Free access, even limited, is welcome; Prevents cyber exclusion. An electronic retrieval of documents (DOC) about plants in diabetes therapy is presented [1]. These DOCs, in free access, are searched via the internet. DOCs are retrieved on
the computer screen, by operating the search box [BOX] of the online tools (in this case, Google-GA). The BOX is instructed by commands and terms. This defines the target (universe, sets, elements = DOC). In the [BOX] of GA, three keywords (KW), placed between "quotation marks": "scientific name"(nc),"dia
Obzory po kliniceskoj farmacologii i lekarstvennoj terapii [Reviews of clinical pharmacology and drug therapy]
vol. 15/2017/suppLeMEnT 1
betes"(d),"abstract"(a). KW can be preceded or not by the indicating tool: "intitle" or "allintitle". This defines the location of KW in DOC. This search procedure applies the instructions (Fi): F1) KW need not be [intitle]; F2) KW need to be [allintitle]; F3) The first KW should be [intitle], the others not. Various singular modes of search are generated (M) The following were used: F1 (M6) ["scientific name" "diabetes" "abstract"], search for the three KWs anywhere in DOC; F2(M5) [allintitle: "scientific name" "diabetes"], search DOC with the two KW in the title and, is more selective than the others; F31 (M1) [intitle: "scientific name"], F32 (M2) [intitle: "scientific name" "abstract"], F33 (M3) [intitle: "scientific name" "diabetes"], F34 (M4) [intitle:"scientific name" "diabetes" "abstract"]. The M1 2 3 4 search DOC the scientific name in the title. The differences are: in M1 DOCs on the plant are nonspecific; M2 seeks academic DOC; M3 seeks DOC who cite diabetes and; M4 seeks academic DOC, as well as contain diabetes. These searches display on the computer screen the retrieved DOCs, which were available somewhere, accessible on the date, given the applied search instructions and electronic resources adopted. Its contents, in part or in whole, on the screen, can be read freely or with restrictions. If restrictions are
not overcome, the essence and parts of the content are hidden. DOCs retrieved on the screen are read, filtered, and qualified (useful or not). The literature recovered feeds the purposes of building a better life. The average recovery capacity of DOC for M4, M5, M6 was also evaluated for 135 species(sp) used in diabetes therapy in Mato Grosso, Brazil [2]. The recovery was different between M5 (0.42%) (more filters), M4(4.91%) and, M6(94.66%). M4 and M6 respectively recovered around 12 and 224 times more than M5. For the four species (Curcuma longa L; Momordica charantia L.; Allium sativum L.; Aloe vera (L.) Burm. F.) that more recovered DOC, the result was little distinguished from the 135 sp: M5 (0.74%), M6 (93.37%), M4 (5.88%). This is consistent with the extent of filtering imposed by each modality. This methodology^) helps a lot of people, when the paid alternative is impracticable around the world.
Acknowledgments: UNEMAT, FLOBIO Research Group, FAPEMAT
References:
1. Rieder A, Rodrigues FAC. 2012. Caceres: Unemat. 25 p.
2. Rieder A. Guarim Neto G. 2012. Caceres: UNEMAT Publisher. 94 p.
MOMORDICA CHARANTIA L.:
MOST STUDIED MEDICINAL PLANT OF THOSE
USED IN DIABETES THERAPY IN MATO GROSSO, BRAZIL
© Arno Rieder1, Fabiana Aparecida Caldart Rodrigues1, Germano Guarim Neto3, Tatiane Gomes de Almeida1
1 University of the State of Mato Grosso (UNEMAT): Mato Grosso, Brazil; 2Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil
Diabetes is a disease that becomes chronic and causes progressive damage, compromising the quality of life to death. In the last half century it has been reaching more and more people around the world. Appropriate therapies can delay the onset of it, improve control, prevent or ameliorate harmful effects. Among the complementary control alternatives is phytotherapy. The popular use of medicinal plants in diabetes therapy is vast, but the alleged efficacy and safety are not always scientifically supported. It is shown the medicinal plant with more studies regarding diabetes, among the 135 species used in Mato Grosso (MT), Brazil (BR). In phase 1 of the study [1], more than 500 academic documents (DOC) on medicinal plants deposited in libraries of the public universities of Mato Grosso (UFMT, UNEMAT) were screened. We found 92 DOCs dealing with medicinal plants (52 families, 135 species) used in the therapy of diabetes in MT. The species Momordica charantia L is part. A second step [2] seeks DOC for specific scientific studies to clarify
the potential of species for diabetes. In this work we resorted to the online retrieval of DOC (available on the internet and with free access through Google's Academic - GA). A methodology developed to retrieve specific DOCs (studies on the species for diabetes), called search modality M5 is used. This applies the following instruction and keywords (KW) in the search box [BOX] of GA: [allintitle:"scientific name" "diabetes"]. It rescues specific DOCs (studies that treat that species for diabetes). This modality (M5) did not recover DOC on the subject for 104 species, but recovered 203 DOC for 31 species. The species Momordica charantia L. exhibited the highest number of DOC recovered (62 on 29 Dec 2012 and 96 on 29 May 2017") among the other spi. These studies cover several aspects: ethnoconduction, phytochemicals, pharmacological, clinical, product and drug development, among others. Hypoglycemic effects are confirmed in most studies. Studies show long-standing DOC (1943) but show exponential growth in this century. This reveals the
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