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ON THE QUESTION OF IMPROVING THE ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY OF REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENT Bulov A.O. (Russian Federation) Email: Bulov459@scientifictext.ru
Bulov Artem Olegovich - Graduate Student, DEPARTMENT OF REFRIGERATION CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING AND AIR CONDITIONING, INSTITUTE OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND MECHATRONICS RESHETNEV SIBERIAN STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,
KRASNOYARSK
Abstract: the article discusses the main ways to improve the environmental safety of refrigeration equipment: by using natural refrigerants, thermal radiation, or Stirling machines. Each aspect is discussed in detail. Conclusions about the prospects of using those in the future are made: the use of natural refrigerants as working bodies in the future looks particularly promising, Stirling machines have a limited temperature range, and the performance of systems based on thermal radiation depends on climatic conditions. Keywords: refrigerant, efficiency, environmental safety.
К ВОПРОСУ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ХОЛОДИЛЬНОГО ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ Булов А.О. (Российская Федерация)
Булов Артём Олегович - аспирант, кафедра холодильной криогенной техники и кондиционирования, Институт машиноведения и мехатроники, Сибирский государственный университет науки и технологий им. М.Ф. Решетнева,
г. Красноярск
Аннотация: в статье рассматриваются основные пути повышения экологической безопасности холодильного оборудования: применение природных хладагентов, использование теплового излучения, машины Стирлинга. Подробно рассказано о каждом направлении. Сделаны выводы о перспективах применения этих направлений в будущем: применение природных хладагентов в качестве рабочих тел в будущем выглядит особенно перспективно, машины Стирлинга имеют ограниченный температурный диапазон, а работоспособность систем на тепловом излучении зависит от климатических условий.
Ключевые слова: хладагент, эффективность, экологическая безопасность.
The refrigeration industry is a rapidly developing branch of the national economy. Refrigeration equipment is the basis for many enterprises. Volumes of refrigeration machinery grow year after year. Besides, the refrigeration branch is power-consuming, and this means that questions associated with the cost of energy resources, and requirements for the reduction of the harmful environmental impact are a hot topic of research. It is these factors that determine the need to find new solutions to improve the refrigeration technology, as well as the need to select the optimal working medium for refrigeration equipment.
Production of artificial cold is accompanied by an adverse environmental impact. The main reason for the ozone layer destruction is chlorine generation when Freon used in refrigeration units is decomposed [1].
Improving the environmental safety of refrigeration equipment is implementation of the provisions of the Montreal and Kyoto Protocols on withdrawal from circulation of refrigerants with a high potential of destruction of the ozone layer and global warming.
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The solution to this problem can be a reduction of the refrigerant charging of refrigeration systems [2].
Using natural refrigerants is an actual course of improving the environmental safety of refrigeration systems. The International Institute of Refrigeration considers the acceptable global warming potential max. 150 for such refrigerants. At the same time, high energy efficiency of refrigeration units should be provided. Respectively, researches on the synthesis of new refrigerants with high thermodynamic characteristics and low potential of the ozone layer destruction and global warming will continue. In this connection, it is very important to find universal analytical equations allowing for calculating refrigerant properties in a wide range of parameters with high reliability [3].
Another course is the use of thermal radiation in refrigeration systems. Using cooling systems operating due to thermal radiation allows for significant reduction of power consumption required for industrial refrigeration systems and air conditioning systems in residential buildings. In this case, emissions of ozone depleting substances and greenhouse gases, whose use is restricted by the Montreal Protocol to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, which came into force on January 1, 1989, are also reduced.
Such units are mainly used abroad, in particular in the USA. In Russia, such systems are not widely used yet. To introduce such units, it is necessary to develop effective analysis and design methods allowing for determination of optimal parameters and the area of operability of such systems.
The peculiar feature of refrigeration systems using thermal radiation is that their operability depends to a large extent on climatic conditions of the region in which they are operated. Such systems do not use harmful, hazardous or ozone depleting substances, do not emit greenhouse gases, and are environmentally friendly systems [4].
One of the ways to solve the environmental problem in the refrigeration sphere is the use of gas refrigerating machines (GRMs) operating with the reverse Stirling cycle in the moderate temperature range [6]. High-volume output of household refrigerators using the Stirling cycle is already planned in South Korea in the near future. The research results show that moderate-cooling Stirling machines are 1.5 times more efficient than the best examples of steam-compression refrigeration machines, and their mass-size characteristics are 25-30% lower.
Thus, to achieve environmental safety of refrigeration units, it is forward-thinking to use environmentally safe refrigerants. Introduction of natural refrigerants into the refrigeration industry on a large scale is an actual area of modern research. It will positively influence the ecology of the planet.
Moreover, much attention is paid to systems operating due to thermal radiation, but such systems are used mainly in continental climate conditions.
To date, the study of Stirling refrigeration machines is also a sound area of development of the refrigeration technology. It is these machines that can solve environmental problems associated with the refrigeration industry, but they have a limited temperature range.
References / Список литературы
1. The role of the refrigeration industry in the economy-2017. [Electronic resource]. Free access. URL: http://refy.ru/114/363032-rol-holodilnoy-promyshlennosti-v-ekonomike.html/ (date of access: 25.02.2019).
2. Khovalyg D.M., Sinitsina K.M., Baranenko A.V. Tsoi A.P. Energy efficiency and environmental safety of low temperature equipment. // Scientific Journal of the National Research University ITMO. Series "Refrigeration Technology and Air Conditioning". № 1, 2014.
3. Kudryavtseva I.V., Rykov A.V., Rykov V.A., Rykov S.V. Unified nonanalytic equation of state of perfluoropropane satisfying the scale theory of critical phenomena. // Bulletin of the International Academy of refrigeration, 2013. № 3.
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4. Bulow A.O. The Use of radiant heat in cooling systems // Youth in science: New arguments [Text]: Collection of scientific works of the V-th International youth competition (Russia, Lipetsk, 10 November 2016). Part I / Ed. edited by A.V. Gorbenko. Lipetsk: Scientific Partnership "Argumentum", 2016. P. 62-65.
5. Gimranov F.M. Ensuring the production, industrial and environmental safety of compressor and refrigeration machines and installations: methodological guidelines for the development of final qualification work. Publishing House Kazan State Technol. univ. Kazan, 2007. P. 53.
6. Bulov AO. Prospects for the development of gas refrigeration machines operating on the Stirling cycle / / Nauka, tekhnika i obrazovanie. № 11 (41). Moscow, 2017. Pp. 30-32.
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