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ON THE COMPLIANCE OF DENTAL PATIENTS IN SCHOOL AGE
Firsova I.
DSci, professor, the Head of the Department for Therapeutic dentistry
Volgograd State Medical University Popova A.
PhD, assistant professor of the Department for Therapeutic dentistry
Volgograd State Medical University Krajnov S.
PhD, assistant professor of the Department for Therapeutic dentistry
Volgograd State Medical University
Abstract
The article considered the problem of compliance of dental patients in school age, as well as its relationship with the state of dental health. A study conducted by the authors demonstrated the high efficiency of health education as a way to normalize the hygienic state of the oral cavity in schoolchildren. Keywords: compliance, school age, oral hygiene, health education.
Compliance, adherence to treatment - the degree of correspondence between the patient's behavior and the recommendations received from the doctor [3]. With the development of medicine in general and dentistry in particular, the formation and maintenance of patient habits that contribute to the prevention of diseases, which focuses on personal (home) oral hygiene and control of plaque, is of particular importance.
Microbiology made a great contribution to the study of dental plaque, changing our views on personal oral hygiene, the main purpose of which was to prevent the development of the most common dental disease in children and adolescents - caries. When treating a child, the dentist must not only carry out the necessary manipulations in the oral cavity, but also teach him how to brush his teeth, tell about hygiene items and hygiene, clearly demonstrating the basic techniques. Controlled brushing is important, allowing you to evaluate how
well the patient has learned the doctor's recommendations, as well as staining of plaque (to identify areas that are not cleaned well enough).
In other words, perhaps the main stage in the activities of a pediatric dentist is health education [1]. Moreover, in each age group, the doctor must use various psychological and pedagogical techniques, interacting not only with the young patient, but also with his parents. A lot depends on the patient: how much he is trained, how conscientious he is in fulfilling the recommendations of his doctor [2].
Younger and middle school age (from 6 to 12). The child's sense of responsibility is increasing. By the middle of this period, most children are able to independently perform basic hygiene procedures. Parents can only help the child clean hard-to-reach places or intervene when the child does not want to perform hygiene measures. During this period, the use of funds for
the detection of plaque is especially useful. The problem of excessive ingestion of fluoride-containing agents at the indicated age loses its relevance, because children already know how to spit [2, 5].
High school students (adolescence). Teenagers can effectively perform hygiene procedures, but the main problem at this age is the reluctance to carry them out. Therefore, it is especially important that dentists and parents help and guide the adolescent in this difficult period. Clarification of the general mechanisms of plaque formation and the development of dental diseases, as well as their influence on the appearance, will increase the motivation of adolescents to perform hygiene measures [1, 4].
The purpose of the study: to study the hygienic state of the oral cavity in schoolchildren in the process of teaching hygiene; evaluate the effectiveness of health education activities.
Materials and methods: The assessment of the hygienic state of the oral cavity in schoolchildren was carried out during the examination of 75 children, which were divided into 3 age groups (each of 25 people): I -from 6 to 9 years; II - from 9 to 12 years and III - from 12 to 15 years.
To study the hygienic condition of the oral cavity, the Fedorov-Volodkina index (1971) was used, having the following interpretation (in terms of hygiene): 1.1 -1.5 - good; 1.6 - 2.0 - satisfactory; 2.1 - 2.5 - unsatisfactory; 2.6 - 3.4 - bad and 3.5 - 5.0 - very bad.
To assess the hygienic state of the oral cavity of children of different ages, as well as the effectiveness of teaching teeth brushing, hygiene indices (HI) were observed in dynamics, namely: at the time of the first visit - HI1 (before teaching oral hygiene, conducting controlled cleaning, clarification and consultation on hygiene items and means) and at the time of the last observation - HI2 (table. 1, fig.1).
Table 1
Changing Hygiene Index Values
AGE HI1 HI2
from 6 to 9 2,45 1,92
from 9 to 12 2,23 1,82
from 12 to 15 2,12 1,83
Fig. 1. The dynamics of the hygiene index in children of different age groups
Results and discussion. The state of oral hygiene in children of the first group (from 6 to 9 years) at the time of the initial examination: HI1 = 2.45 (unsatisfactory), at the last visit - HI2 = 1.92 (satisfactory); in the second group (from 9 to 12 years): HI 1 = 2.23 (unsatisfactory), HI 2 = 1.82 (satisfactory); and finally, in the third group: HI 1 = 2.12 (unsatisfactory), HI 2 = 1.83 (satisfactory).
The above study shows that at the time of the initial visit in all age groups there was an unsatisfactory state of oral hygiene, especially in the first age group, where HI 1 was 2.45, which may be associated with a
deterioration in self-cleaning of the teeth during the shift bite. In the II and III age groups, the HI 1 values are slightly lower, since there is an improvement in the manual skills of children. In the future, in the process of teaching hygiene, advising parents on hygiene items and means, there was an improvement in HI performance to a satisfactory level. An indicator was also calculated to improve the state of oral hygiene in the learning process, based on a change in the IG values during the observation process. For this, in each age group, there was a difference between HI 1 and HI 2 and was expressed as a percentage (table 2).
Table2
Improvements in oral hygiene (effectiveness) in the learning process (in%)
AGE Effectiveness, %
from 6 to 9 21,6%
from 9 to 12 18,4%
from 12 to 15 13,7%
Findings. In the I age group, children are the most trained, their independence is growing, as evidenced by a rather high indicator of the effectiveness of sanitary-educational work. In adolescence (group III), despite independence, high learning ability of children and a lower value of HI 1, the expected improvement in oral hygiene (compared with group II) was not observed, which is associated with the psychological characteristics of this age period, reluctance to comply with the doctor's recommendations, those. low level of compliance.
The latter speaks of the need for further education in hygiene and conducting "health lessons" at school. Attention should be paid to attracting parents to active cooperation with the dentist, as well as to the use of modern technologies (gadgets, software), which will interest the child, thereby increasing the compliance and treatment effectiveness.
Список литературы
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ПЛАЗМОЛИФТИНГ В ГЕРОНТОСТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ
Крайнов С.В.
К.м.н., доцент кафедры терапевтической стоматологии Волгоградского государственного медицинского университета
ORCID: 0000-0001-7006-0250 Попова А.Н.
К.м.н., доцент кафедры терапевтической стоматологии Волгоградского государственного медицинского университета
Фирсова И.В.
д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой терапевтической стоматологии Волгоградского государственного медицинского университета
PLASMOLIFTING IN GERONTOSTODENTISTRY
Krajnov S.
PhD, assistant professor of the Department for Therapeutic dentistry
Volgograd State Medical University Popova A.
PhD, assistant professor of the Department for Therapeutic dentistry
Volgograd State Medical University Firsova I.
DSci, professor, the Head of the Department for Therapeutic dentistry
Volgograd State Medical University
Аннотация
Плазмолифтинг - крайне актуальная методика в геронтостоматологии, поскольку в пожилом возрасте имеют место многочисленные факторы, снижающие регенераторные процессы тканей, усугубляющие течение заболеваний и ухудшающие прогнозы по полной реабилитации. Данная технология особенно перспективна в пародонтологии, где важно стимулировать костную ткань. Представляется, что в будущем,
