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Section 13. Technical sciences
Th =
x„ (1 -p)+43Xl (aa -1)+43Xlx,m (1 - a)+43Xlxlm a -1)
x3m (51 - 9p)+Xl 144 - 4a 1+XlmX3m I 3a1 - 91+43 XlXI a - 9)
[„pa -1)]2 +
+[X зтв3(а - 9);
(25)
Fig. 2. Volt-ampere characteristic of the ferrorezonansny stabilizer of current
On expressions (17) and (24) in fig. 2. the volt-ampere stabilization of current in quite wide range of change of en-characteristic of the ferrorezonansny stabilizer of current is trance tension is observed. constructed; here at certain ratios of parameters of a chain
References:
1. Milyakh A. N., Volkov I. V. Systems of invariable current on the basis of inductance-capacitor converters. - Kiev: Naukova thought, 1974. - Р. 216.
2. Gubanov V. V. Power semiconductor converters with output stabilizers. - L.: Energy., 1972. - Р. 133.
3. Kadyrov T. M., Alimov H. A. The Analysis of a double-circuit chain taking into account the highest harmonicas. - AN UZSSR, STN. - 1979. - № 3. - Р. 17-22.
4. Karimov R.Ch. Research nonlinear dynamic chains with thyristor elements in system of power supply, the collection of materials IV of the International scientific conference “Current Trends Technical Sciences" - Kazan, Oktyabr 2015. - Р. 30-33.
5. Karimov R.Ch. Research nonlinear dynamic chains with diode elements in system of power supply, the collection of materials IV of the International scientific conference “Current Trends Technical Sciences" - Kazan, Oktyabr 2015. - Р. 33-35.
Khayitoy Yozil Kkasimovich, Tashkent city, Uzbekistan, National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Lecturer of the Faculty of Geology and Geography E-mail: [email protected]
On the cleaning of waste water from textile factories using Pistia Stratiotes L.
Abstract; In this article the study of the ecological and biotechnical features of cultivation of the aquatic plant — Pistia Stratiotes L. on the waste water from the weaving factories in the Buchara province. In the composition of the waste water there were not detected the dissolved oxygen; the average values of BOD 5 and oxidability were 155.4 and 115.1 mg 02/l, respectively, the smell was 5 points, the colour — from yellow to brown. In the result of cultivation of Pistia Stratiotes L. in the waste water of the weaving factory the quantity of the dissolved oxygen increased up to 8.0-10.0 mg/l, the quantity of BOD5 and oxidability decreased up to 14.4 and 21.0 mg 02/l, respectively — i. e.,
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On the cleaning of waste water from textile factories using Pistia Stratiotes L.
the complete absorption of the nitric compounds by plants has taken place. During the warm period of the year the efficiency of the waste water cleaning from the organic mineral pollution was about 95-99 % g.
Keywords: biological method, waste water, weaving factory, Pistia Stratiotes L., dissolved oxygen, permanganate oxidability, ammonia, nitrites, nitrates.
Introduction. As it is known that at the winning and spinning factories the industry waste water is formed during the washing of filters of the systems of the air moistening. Besides, the significant amount of sinks which are heavily polluted with mineral and organic admixtures, is formed in the sizing sectors of the winning factories. In total, the amount of the waste water depends on the factory production capacity and type of the produced production.
At the bleaching factories and at the special sectors of the cotton producing plants the polluted (60-80 %) and slightly polluted (20-40 %) waste water is formed. The organic pollutions calculated for 1 t of the produced textile is 35-60 kg. of BOD5 , 90-92 % of which is attributed to the waste water. About 2 % of fiber of the gray cloth is going to the sink.
Materials and methods of investigation. The objects of investigation were the waste waters of the winning factories of Vabkent and Alata of Bukhara province as well as Pistia Stratiotes L. produced at the Institute of botanic of Ac.Sc. of Uzbekistan and waste water. In laboratory conditions it was grown on the mineral nutrition environment of the winning factory in the problem laboratory of biotechnology and at the chair of botanic of the state Bukhara university.
In the industrial conditions the experiments were conducted in the biological ponds of the before mentioned factories.
During the period of cultivation of Pistia stratiotes L. the water temperature varied in the range of25-35 °С, luminosity was 20-70 thous. lux.
Hydrochemical composition of the waste water (dissolved oxygen, permanganate oxidability, ammonia, nitrites, nitrates and other indices) before and after cultivation of Pistia Stratiotes L. were defined by the techniques developed by Yu. Yu. Lurje (1975, 1980), N. S. Stroganov (1980), Yu. V. Novikova and others (1990) described in the «Manual on the chemical analysis of the surface water» (1977).
The following indices which characterize the water quality are the main ones which are sensitive to the background pollution are as follows: permanganate oxidability (PO) which characterizes the quantity ofthe lightly oxidizing organic substances, BOD5 — biochemical oxygen demand which allows to estimate the overall amount of organic compounds which are subjected to the biochemical oxidization during five days; dissolved oxygen O2, which determines the processes of the self-cleaning of water. The relationship between BOD5 values will serve as the characteristic index for the assessment of the water quality.
Results of studies and their discussion. Cleaning structures of the construction of the Batkent weaving factory (airtank and biological ponds) are located on the right bank of Emir-Temur collector. Waste water inflows to the airtank, then — to biological bonds and collector. Biological ponds of the throughflow type consist of two sections, each section includes 3 ponds.
In the first series of experiments conducted in 19931998 the physical characteristics and chemical composition of the waste water from the general collector and biological ponds of that factory were studied (Table 1).
Table 1. - Characteristics of waste water of the general connecting collector and biological ponds of the Vabkent winning factory (average values of 5 repetitions are given)
Indices General collector 1-biopond 2-biopond 3-biopond
рн 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0
Color slightly yellow slightly yellow transparent transparent
Smell, points 5.0 3.0 2.0 1.0
Dissolved 02, mg/l no 1.7 2.9 3.6
BC1 < 5, mg 02/l 155.4 125.1 108.4 78.2
Oxidability, mg O2/l 115.1 101.0 92.6 70.1
Ammonia, mg/l 10.2 6.1 4.4 4.0
Nitrites, mg/l 0.08. 0.08 0.07 0.04
Nitrates, mg/l 6.1 4.0 3.0 3.5
For the investigation of the dynamics of growth, development and productivity of Pistia Stratiotes L. and of its role in the biological cleaning of the waste water from the organic mineral pollution we conducted the laboratory experiments. In this case the waste water were taken from the general collector before entering the airtank (option 1) and then it was dissolved with the tape water in proportion of 3:1 (option 2) and 1:1 (option 3). After definition of of hydrochemical composition of the initial and dissolved waste water the Pistia Stratiotes L. was grown with the initial
biomass density of 150 g/m 2 on the water surface. After 7 days of cultivation the productivity of Pistia Stratiotes L. was — 460 in the 1st option, 420 in the 2nd one and 395 g/m 2 of the 3rd option of the raw biomass. With this, the averaged daily increment of biomass in options 1-3, was 44.3; 38.6 and 35.0 g/m 2, respectively.
Thus, the results of experiments show that the waste water from the winning factory stimulated the growth of Pistia stratiotes L. This means that Pistia Stratiotes L. can be grown on the waste water even without dissolving.
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Section 13. Technical sciences
References:
1. Buriev S., Khayitov Y., Rashidov N., Myustafoeva М., Toirov B. Use ofthe aquatic plants in the water protection biological technologies of Bukhara province.//Ecological problems of the flora and fauna of Bukhara province. - Bukhara. 1997. - Р. 14-17.
2. Nikanorov А. М. Hydrochemistry. - L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1989.
3. Smanova Z. А., Tajimukhamedov H. S., Kasymov А. К. Water analysis. Tutorial methodical aid. - Tashkent: University, 2008.
4. Khayitov Y. K. Bioecological efficiency of cleaning of the waste water from the textile industry and its technology in the cultivation of Pistia straliotes L.//Abstract of thesis of biological science. - Tashkent, 2001. - 19 p.
Yunusov Golib Xodjaevich, associate professor Hikmatov Fazliddin Hikmatovich, professor
Quvvatov Dilmurod Rustamovich, master, The M. Ulugbek's National University, Geology-and-Geography faculty, Uzbekistan, Tashkent E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Several approaches to the estimation of the components of the consuming part of water balance on irrigation territories
Abstract: In the abstract a series of the up-to-date approaches to the estimation of the components of the consuming part of water balance on irrigation territories are considered on the example of Karshi irrigation region (KarIR) of Uzbekistan.
Keywords: irrigation, irrigated territory, water balance equation, incoming part of the equation, elements of consuming part of the equation, quantitative assessment of the consuming part.
As it is known, during the recent years in Uzbekistan the attention is given to the studies of the irrigated lands hydrology [1-7 and others]. The results of these studies give possibility to make systematization of the existing methods of the quantitative estimation of the component of the water balance of irrigated territories. Taking this in mind, it is concluded that this work considers the issues of assessment of the components of the present water balances of irrigated territories of Kashkadarja oasis.
Regarding the water balance equation of the newly irrigated territory of the studied territory, i. e. Karshi irrigation area (KIrAr), we propose the following:
Х + У+ УКМК + V= У + V + Е+ m
п КМК п о o с (1)
+ P + AU + AW + AW ± ДУ
в
According to the above mentioned water balance equation KIrAr (1), its left part, i. e. atmospheric precipitation (Х), surface inflow (Уп), water inflow along the Karshi main canal (У ), underground inflow (Vn ) characterizes the incoming part of the water balance. The surface outflow (Vo ), total evaporation (Ес ), water consumed for the industrial and municipal-and-domestic needs (P) are related to the elements of the consuming part of equation (1).
This equation, unlike the equation for the before irrigated zone, also accounts for such additional discharge elements as the moisture resources changes in aeration zone (AU), ground water (AW) and water reserves in water storages (AWb). ± ДУ characterizes the discrepancy of the water balance equation.
The values of the regeneration flow from the given territory can be taken as the value of the surface outflow (Уо ) out of the KIrAr contours. The ground outflow (Vo ) from the territory is taken into account in the calculation of the underground inflow — as the difference between the inflow and underground water outflow (Vn - Vo ) by the data of S. Sh. Mirzaev [3].
The value of the total evaporation (Ес ) from the surface of the studied territory can be estimated as the sum of evaporation values from the irrigated areas (Ео ), from the surfaces of the inner systems of the inner not ploughed areas (Еп ) and from the water surfaces of canals and water storages (Ев ):
Е = Е + Е + Е . B (2)
сопв
For the estimation of the evaporation quantity from irrigated areas (Ео) KaIrAr we analyzed the materials and results of the previous researches of evaporation from the studied region calculated by different authors [1; 2; 4; 5; 9]. Regarding the results of these investigations, the evaporation value of 1090 mm. was taken as the layer of evaporation from the complex irrigated hectare for 1981-2015.
The value of evaporation from the water surface of Tali-marjan water storage located on that territory was taken as 1663 mm. In the calculation of the value of evaporation layer the designed indices and regime of this water storage operation were taken for the account.
The change of the ground water resources (AU) in KarIR is calculated as follows:
AU = m • AH • F, (3)
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