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10ON LEXICAL SUPPLETIVES AND THEIR RELATION TO PHENOMENA
HYPONYMIES AND EQUONYMIES.
Burxonova Dilnoza Ilhomjon qizi O'zbekiston davlat san'at va madaniyat institutining Farg'ona mintaqaviy filiali
Abstract: The article examines the functioning of suppletivism at the lexical level of language, defines and characterizes its relationship with the phenomena of hyponymy, equonymy and heteronymy. As the actual material, separate terms of kinship of the Uzbek and Russian languages are used.
Keywords: Suppletivism, suppletivism, correlates,, single-root, multi-root, hyponym, hyperonym, equonym, microsystem, paradigm, Uzbek language, Russian language, etc.
The formation and functioning of suppletive forms in the language is a natural phenomenon related to the content plan of language signs. The possibility of expressing the same value using one of two different signs is carried out through suppletives. Naturally, the presence of synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy and equonymy in the language is clearly associated with the suppletives of the lexical level of the language, which is called a lexical suppletive. Lexical suppletives arise when associative interdependence (interrelation) of heterogeneous lexemes. Suppletives) are an important natural phenomenon, despite the fact at which levels of the language they are located.
M.Y.Bloch writes that "the role of suppletivism within the lexical naming paradigm is extremely important, since this type of suppletivism is one of the essential factors of openness of the significant part of the vocabulary ..." [1-79].
The suppletivism of the lexical plan arises mainly when there is a need for a logical-associative approach to meaning. In this process, the focus is not on the unit of the expression plan (i.e., the lexeme), but on the unit of the language content plan (i.e., the sememe). The development of the word and its meaning is not carried out symmetrically and regularly.
Lexical suppletives bear a close resemblance to the hyponym phenomenon, despite the significant difference between these concepts. The similarity between lexical suppletives and hyponyms is explained by the fact that both lexical suppletives and hyponyms function within the same lexeme, i.e. semantically coincide with each other in one lexeme. Compare: the lexemes ota and she aka and uka in Uzbek; "father and mother", "elder brother" and younger brother"-in Russian, etc. they are hyponyms that function in the same way and as suppletives in relation to each other (hyponyms). The difference between lexical suppletives and hyponyms is
that the logical-associative connection of hyponyms is the weakest than the logical-associative connection of lexical suppletives. A phenomenon called a hyponym is one of the functional and semantic varieties of a phenomenon called a hyperonym" "a word or phrase with a generic, more generalized meaning in relation to words or phrases of a specific, less generalized meaning; also a generic concept in relation to specific concepts"[2-163]. Thus, the same lexeme simultaneously, synchronously and syncretically can be both a lexical suppletive and a hyponym.
Hyponyms are combined on the basis of an archiseme of different words, which are represented as one of the members of the paradigm (microsystem) of a certain hyperonym. Thus, the lexeme wordsnngil "son", qiz "daughter" are hyponyms of the hyperonym farzand "children"; ota "father", ona "mother" - hyperonym oil "family"; aka "elder brother", uka "younger brother"-hyperonym og'a-ini "brothers"; opa "elder sister", singil "younger sister" - hyperonym opa-singil "sisters", etc. The members of the lexical-semantic equivalents of these pairs are hyponyms (co-synonyms in relation to each other) and in Russian: son and daughter, father and mother, younger brother and younger brother, older sister and younger sister, etc. The hyperonyms of the first suppletive-hyponymic pairs in the Russian language are "children", the second suppletive-hyponymic is "parents", the third suppletive-hyponymic is "brothers", the fourth suppletive-equonymic is "sisters". Suppletive interconnection forms paired words in the Uzbek language such as ota-ona, aka-uka, opa-singil,o'g'il-qiz, etc., whose functional and semantic members have specific meanings and semantically depend on the meanings of words (lexemes) with a generic meaning.
Thus, words in the language call the objects of the nomination, close to each other in one way or another, form thematic groups of words, which is called a hyperonym [3- 163].
It should be noted that in some cases suppletives-hyponyms coincide with the phenomenon of the equonym, the correlative members of the above microparadigms singil and qiz//son and daughter, ota and she//father and mother, aka va uka//elder brother and younger brother, opa va singil //elder sister and younger sister, etc. in Uzbek and Russian, in addition to suppletives and hyponyms, are also equonyms in relation to each other. M.V.Nikitin notes that "an equonym is a concept and an expression of its name in relation to other concepts and names of the same level in a hierarchical system; for example, in the system of concepts "mother", "father", "parent", the concept and the word mother is an equonym in relation to the word father and hyponym in relation to the word parent, in turn, parent is a hyperonym in relation to mother and father." [4-166].
The factual material of this article states that the same word as a correlative term can participate in several suppletive pairs. Thus, the word ota "father" in the Uzbek language as a correlative term takes part in three suppletive paradigms: 1) ota-bobo
"father-grandfather"; 2) ota-ona "father-mother"(parents); 3) ota-bola "father-children".
The suppletives of the lexical plan in the Uzbek language are also formed due to the figurative meanings of words. In the suppletive pairs ota-ona and davlat (literally: state//power) "parents and power" ("davlat//power" in the meaning of "wealth"), farzand va qanot (literally:wings) "children and wings", farzand va tirnoq (literally: nails) "children and nails", etc. In these micro-paradigms, the correlative terms davlat are used in the meaning of "ota-ona" (parents), qanot and tirnoq - in the meaning of "children".
In conclusion, it should be concluded that suppletivism and suppletivism are complex logical-linguistic phenomena that cover all the main tiers of language, including vocabulary. The study of this important issue on the material of each individual language. It is one of the most urgent tasks of modern linguistics.
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