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36Bbm. 27. 2021
OCCURANCE OF MIGRATING WATER BIRDS AND RISKS OF OOTY LAKE IN NILGIRI WESTERNGHATS INDIA
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N. Moinudheen , Arockianathan Samson , M.S. Sarath Kumar
1 Wild life Biology Independent Researcher in Nilgiri Hills.India. e-mail: moinulepido@,gmail.com Departmemnt of Zoology & Wild life biology, Govt Arts College, Udhagamandalam, Nilgiri Hills,
India
e-mail: [email protected] Defence Service Staff College Wellington, Coonoor, Nilgiri Hills, Tamil Nadu, India
This study article is based on the types of migratory birds in Ooty Lake and how they spend six months in this lake and the ecosystem and structure of the area around the lake. The description of the vegetation cover of the reservoir is given. A list of the inhabitants of the lake is given. The ecological state of the lake as a habitat for many species of waterfowl is of concern, since there is a lot of plastic and debris in the lake and along its shores. Tourists also help to reduce the diversity of waterbirds by scaring them away. A big threat to the inhabitants of the lake is nylon nets, which are exhibited not only by the local Fish Farming Department, but also by some local residents. The situation improved slightly in 2020, when the reservoir was closed to tourists due to the 2020 Covid period.
Key words: migratory bird, Ooty lake, Nilgiri Hills, Anus acuta, Anus clypeata, Anus querquedula, Anastomes oscitans
Intoduction
The Nilgiri Hills is the important ecosystem of endemic & endangered flora and fauna. In total 10.000 species of birds describes worldwide. In India 1300 species are documented. Bird migration is an important event for bird's climate, breeding, food these are the main factor for migration. Migration has always fascinated humankind, migratory, birds link people, cultures and development and conservation issues (Kirby et al., 2008; Lebedinskii et al., 2019; Rozenfeld et al., 2019; Simonov & Matantseva 2020), and during the winter the most of the birds flock to the nilgiris. In winter highest diversity of water bird species was spotted during winter with large concentration of waterfowl especially ducks and coots (Verma, 2009). But at the present stage the arrival of more birds is declining as the habitats of the bird are being changed as a buildings and habitat destruction (Rozhnov et al., 2019; de Lima et al., 2020). Unprotected semi managed agricultural wetland in Tamilnadu host a large number of water bird species (Ramesh Ramachandran et al., 2017). Wetland bird seen different habitat including pond Ecosystem Rivers, stream and agricultural fields in Nilgiri south India (Veeramani et al., 2018).
Study Area
Ooty Lake is the one of the main tourism spot in Nilgiri Hills Location: 11.405156 N, 76.68896 E. Mr. John Sullivan is the Built these artificial lake in the year of 1824. Max length of lake is 2.5 km, max width of Lake 140 m, Surface area 3.885 km2, elevation of this lake is "2.220 M Asl". Average rainfall in year "1040.9 mm" and other habitat vegetation sighting area is Ooty lake back side department of fisheries, previously the entire lake was used for fishing. In 1973 tamilnadu tourism captured the lake in behalf of the tourism on these place full dense of Juncus inflexus L. with water vegetation.
Results and Discussion
On 05th Feb 2021 four
species of water birds were recorded in Ooty lake in Nilgiri Hills. There are: Anus acuta (Linnaeus, 1758) (northern pintail) (6Nos) (Fig. 1), Anus clypeata (Linnaeus, 1758) (northern shoveler) (1Nos) (Fig. 2), Anus querquedula (Linnaeus, 1758) (garganey) (8Nos) (Fig. 3), Anastomes oscitans (Boddaert, 1783) (asian open bill) (2Nos) (Fig. 4). Anus querquedula first known record of garganey in nilgiris there is no other sighting record in these species higher elevation in Nilgiri Hills. All of these water birds are migratory in winter season October - March. Many migratory water bird species are insectivorous and migration evolved to ensure young hatch concur-
rently with period of high insect abundance (Lack, 1968; Visser et al., 2004). For estimating utilization distribution of garganey and northern pintail highlighted to use of main wintering areas (Tsewang Namgail et al., 2017). On these waterfowls Male or Female birds are set up wetland, Agri field, short vegetation prefers areas. Duck species set up habitat vegetation in sloping and narrow wet places. Commonly known water bird species are sighting in Ooty lake: spot-bellied duck (Dendrocygna guttata Schlegel, 1866), white breasted water hen (Gallínula chloropus (Linnaeus, 1758)), common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus (Linnaeus, 1758)), common coot (Fulica atra Linnaeus, 1758), greater cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo (Linnaeus, 1758)), little greb (Tachybaptus ruficollis (Pallas, 1764)), pond heron (Ardeola grayii (Sykes 1832)), common kingfisher (Alcedo atthis (Linnaeus, 1758)), white-throated kingfisher (Halcyon smyrnensis (Linnaeus, 1758)), little egret (Egretta garzetta (Linnaeus, 1766)), common sandpiper (Actitis hypoleucos (Linnaeus, 1758)), red-wattled lapwing (winter visitor) (Vanellus indicus (Boddaert, 1783)), wood sandpiper (Tringa glareola (Linnaeus, 1758)) (winter visitor), green sandpiper (Tringa ochropus Linnaeus, 1758) (winter visitor). Species richness and bird abundance increased with shoreline length and wetland size. We found a strong relationship between species richness and area and bigger wetland supported a higher number of bird species (Angélica González-Gajardo et al., 2009).
The plant surrounding the lake area are as follows: Juncus inflexus L., Alternanthera philoxeroidea (Mart.) Griseb. (alligator weed), Acorus calamus L. Most abundant species is Juncus inflexus. The area behind the Ooty Lake is part of the fisheries department. Dense vegetation abound in this place. This place creates a conductive environment for migratory birds. The condition of the lake is worrying most of the plastics and tires are floating and burying on the lake (Fig. 6). The plastic buried inside the lake is vulnerable to waterfowl, there is also risk of eating plastic materials (Fig. 5), and situation of the Ooty Lake is highly polluted. In ooty lake Polluted water still mixes in the lake During winter the situation becomes more miserable since this channel is vulnerable to flood and washes away every there is path and dumps in the lake and in the lake and restoration becomes big deal (Anusha, 2017). Till now Ooty lake is highly polluted in untreated waters sewage and Sewage Wastages its threat to whole ecosystem of this lake. Most urban wetland are considered to be extremely polluted areas, they still attract a large number of winged visitors (Joseph Reginald et al., 2007). Water Birds in Ooty Lake vulnerable to fishing by nylon nets (Fig. 7), not only by the Department of fisheries but also by some local people's. Two areas marked on the map are where birds continue to migrate and part of the fishery department (Fig. 8). Due to the lack of human habitation in the area and tourist are not allowed to go on boat rides, for these reasons, migratory birds are less vulnerable. Water birds are globally declining as a result of habitat loss, alteration or degradation fishing activities may affect water bird distribution abundance and diversity, and traditional fishing activities of enhance abundance selected water bird species (Aarif et al., 2017). Ooty Lake was closed during the corona Lock-down period (March to December) so common waterfowl and migratory waterfowl could be found all over the lake for food and habitat. The boat ride started as soon as the Lock down period was ended and the number of tourists increased and so the area where the birds roam has decreased. Thus the birds are greatly affected. Although the hostile environment for migratory birds is water, it is most often encountered by domestic dogs and wildcats.
Species classification and Distribution
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum.: Chordata Class.: Aves Order.: Anseriformes Family.: Anatidae Genus.: Anus
Вып. 27. 2021
Species.: Anus acuta (Linnaeus, 1758) IUCN. : Least Concern (LC)
Distribution: America, Europe, Northern Eurasia, Africa, Southern Asia, Southern Europe, Indian subcontinent.
Fig. 1. Anus acuta (Northern pintail).
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae Genus: Anus
Species: Anus clypeata (Linnaeus, 1758) IUCN: Least Concern (LC)
Distribution: Europe, Africa, Indian subcontinent, America, Malay archipelago, Japan, Himalayas.
Fig. 2. Anus clypeata (Northern Shoveler).
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae Genus: Anus
Species: Anus querquedula (Linnaeus, 1758) IUCN: Least Concern (LC)
Distribution: Indian subcontinent Europe, Africa, Malay, Japan, Srilanka.
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Ciconiiformes Family: Ciconiidae Genus: Anastomes
Species: Anastomes oscitans (Boddaert, 1783) IUCN: Least Concern (LC)
Distribution: India, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand.
I
Fig. 4. Anastomes oscitans (Asian Open bill).
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Fig. 6. The condition of the lake is worrying plastics and tires are floating burying.
Fig. 7. Water Birds in Ooty Lake vulnerable to fishing by nylon nets.
Fig. 8. Two areas marked on the map are where birds continue to migrate and part of the department.
fishery
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ПРОДОЛЖИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ МИГРАЦИЙ ОКОЛОВОДНЫХ ПТИЦ И РИСКИ ОЗЕРА УТИ В НИЛГИРИ-ВЕСТЕРНГАЦ, ИНДИЯ
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Н. Мойнудин , Арокианатан Самсон , М.С. Сарат Кумар
1Независимый исследователь биологии дикой природы, Нилгири Хиллз, Индия
e-mail: moinulepido@gmail. com 2Отделение зоологии и биологии дикой природы, Государственный колледж искусств, Удхага-
мандалам, Нилгири Хиллз, Индия e-mail: kingvulture1786@gmail. com 3Колледж персонала службы защиты, Веллингтон, Кунур, Нилгири Хиллз, Тамил Наду, Индия
В статье содержатся сведения о перелетных птицах озера Ути (Нилгири-Вестернгац, Индия) и о том, как они проводят в этом озере шесть месяцев, а также об экосистеме и структуре территории вокруг озера. Дано описание растительного покрова водоёма. Приводится перечень обитателей озера. Вызывает беспокойство экологическое состояние озера как среды обитания многих видов водоплавающих птиц, так как в озере и по его берегам много пластика и мусора. Туристы также способствуют сокращению разнообразия околоводных птиц, так как отпугивают их. Большой угрозой для обитателей озера являются нейлонные сети, которые выставляет не только местный Департамент рыбоводства, но и некоторые местные жители. Ситуация несколько улучшилась в 2020 г., когда водоём был закрыт для посещения туристами в связи с пандемией Covid 2020 года.
Ключевые слова: перелетные птици, озеро Ути, холмы Нилгири, Anus acuta, Anus clypeata, Anus querquedula, Anastomes oscitans
