ОБ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ СОЛНЕЧНОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ В МАРТЕ МЕСЯЦЕ В СРЕДНЕЙ ПОЛОСЕ РФ Текст научной статьи по специальности «Электротехника, электронная техника, информационные технологии»

University named after K. E. Tsiolkovsky, series: natural sciences. - 2016. - P. 199-200. 2. Nesis E. I. Methods of mathematical physics / M.: Prosveshchenie, 1977. 199 p.

© KaHapeHKHH A.H., 2021

УДК 620.92:620.97

Канарейкин А.И.

кан. техн. наук, доцент МГРИ, г. Москва, РФ

ОБ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ СОЛНЕЧНОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ В МАРТЕ МЕСЯЦЕ В СРЕДНЕЙ ПОЛОСЕ РФ

Аннотация

Работа посвящена оценке эффективности использования солнечных батарей для автономной работы частного дома в марте месяце в средней полосе РФ. Проведен анализ проблемы использования солнечной энергии. Представлены как теоретические оценки выработки электроэнергии, так и практические данные, полученные в ходе измерения сгенерированной и потреблённой электроэнергии. В результате полученных измерений дано заключение об экономической целесообразности использования солнечной энергии данном месяце.

Ключевые слова

Солнечная энергетика, солнечная батарея, солнечная электростанция, солнечные фотоэлектрические станции, инсоляция.

In recent decades, the global solar energy industry has been developing rapidly, and solar power plants are becoming part of the energy infrastructure of many countries. The development of solar technologies has a significant impact on the economy. It can be expected that in the coming decades, solar energy will become an incentive for the economic development of countries and regions that have the maximum "solar" resource [1, p.81].

Solar photovoltaic power plants are a type of power plant that generates electricity by directly converting the energy of solar radiation into electricity.

In addition to solar panels, an autonomous solar power plant usually contains rechargeable batteries (AB) and a charge-discharge controller (fig. 1). If it is necessary to supply electricity to consumers requiring a standard voltage of 220/380V AC, it is necessary to include it in the FES. switch on the inverter.

Figure 1 - Autonomous photovoltaic power supply system installed on a private house

~ 46 ~

The power of solar panels for autonomous systems is selected based on the required power generated, the time of year and geographical location.

Solar radiation is not a constant value and depends on many factors - on the time of year, time of day, weather conditions and geographical location. These factors should also be taken into account when calculating the amount of power required for solar panels. If you plan to use the system all year round, the calculation should be made taking into account the most unfavorable months in terms of solar radiation.

When calculating for each specific region, it is necessary to analyze statistical data on solar activity for several years. Based on these data, determine the average actual power of the solar flux per square meter of the earth's surface. This data can be obtained from local or international weather services. Statistical data will allow you to predict with minimal error the amount of solar energy for your system, which will be converted into electricity by solar panels.

For example, consider the average daily insolation for months from one of the servers of the weather services for Moscow (see tab. 1). The data are given taking into account atmospheric phenomena and are averaged over several years.

Insolation (in Latin in solo - I expose to the sun) is the irradiation of the surface of a parallel beam of rays that originate from the direction of the light source. In our case, the light source is always the Sun.

Table 1

The average value of insolation by month in Moscow.

a™. ®eBp. MapT Anp. Man HroHb Hroab ABr. CeHT. Okt. HOH6. fleK. CpegHerogoBaa HHCOa^HH KBT*q/M2/cyTKH

0° 0.75 1.56 2.81 3.87 5.13 5.27 5.14 4.30 2.63 1.49 0.81 0.50 2.86

40° 1.51 2.55 3.78 4.34 5.12 4.97 5.00 4.57 3.22 2.20 1.46 1.08 3.32

55° 1.66 2.70 3.82 4.16 4.70 4.51 4.53 4.31 3.17 2.27 1.58 1.20 3.22

70° 1.72 2.71 3.67 3.79 4.18 3.95 4.00 3.85 2.97 2.24 1.62 1.26 3.00

90° 1.65 2.50 3.19 3.07 3.21 2.99 3.05 3.08 2.51 2.02 1.53 1.22 2.50

OnTHMa^bHbiH yroa 72.0 63.0 50.0 34.0 20.0 11.0 16.0 27.0 43.0 58.0 69.0 74.0 44.6

Formula for calculating the energy generated by solar panels

P F

E = (1)

Pk

' ins

Psp - power of solar panels, W; E - energy generated by solar panels, Wh per day; Einsc - average monthly insolation (from the table) kWh / m2 / day Pins - he power of insolation on the earth's surface on one square meter (1000Bt/m2); k - the loss factor for charge-discharge of batteries, the transformation of DC voltage into AC, is usually assumed to be equal to 1,2.

We will make a calculation for solar panels with a capacity of 3 kW for the month of March E=3*3,82/1*1,2=9,55 kWh per day.

The resulting energy will be enough to power the entire private do-ma. The following figure (fig. 2) shows a graph of generated and consumed electricity by day for a private house located in the Kaluga region. The data was obtained using equipment and software from Victron Energy.

ISSN 2410-6070_ИННОВАЦИОННАЯ НАУКА_№4 / 2021

кВтч %

• Потребление • Солнечная установка • Батарея

Figure 2 - Graph of measurement of generated and consumed electricity by day.

As we can see, both theoretical calculations and measurement results give a conclusion about the economic feasibility of using solar energy in the month of March, as well as about the transition to autonomous power supply.

The use of solar panels is particularly advantageous where there are no centralized electrical networks, and the energy supply is provided by diesel generators. And there are a lot of such areas in Russia. Moreover, even where there are networks, the use of solar panels running in parallel with the network can significantly reduce energy costs.

References:

1. Ryazanov K. V. Prospects for the development of solar energy // CABLE-news. - 2009, No. 12-1. - P. 81-85.

© Канарейкин А.И., 2021

УДК 536.244

Канарейкин А.И.

кан. техн. наук, доцент Российский государственный геологоразведочный университет

имени Серго Орджоникидзе, г. Москва, РФ

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ТЕПЛОФИЗИКИ В ГОРНОМ ДЕЛЕ Аннотация

В статье рассматривается вопрос о роли и применении теплофизики в горном деле. Так ка изменение температурного поля приводит к изменению условий теплообмена между породным массивом и воздухом в выработке, то такие процессы являются нестационарными, что усложняет их инженерный расчёт. В работе показан метод расчёта коэффициент нестационарного теплообмена. Что может быть полезным для практических навыков расчета ряда инженерных задач в области теплофизики горного дела.

Ключевые слова

Теплофизика, нестационарный теплообмен, теплофизика горного дела, коэффициент нестационарного

теплообмена, критерий Кирпичева.