CC BY
10Normobaric hypoxic training model for youth bench shooting sport: effects on intellectual efficiency verified by psycho-physiological
functionality tests
Dr. Biol., Professor R.V. Tambovtseva1 D.V. Danilov1
Postgraduate D.I. Sechin1
1Russian State University of Physical Education, Sports, Youth and Tourism (SCOLIPE), Moscow
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Objective of the study was to analyze benefits of normobaric hypoxic training model for intellectual efficiency in youth bench shooting sport using psycho-physiological functionality tests.
Methods and structure of the study. The study was run at the N.I. Volkov Sports Biochemistry and Bioenergetics Department Laboratory of Russian State University of Physical Education, Sports, Youth and Tourism (SCOLIPE). We sampled junior bench shooters (n=40) on their informed written consent and split them up into RG (trained traditionally) and EG (trained using hypoxic training method). The normobaric hypoxic training model implied a 30-minute inhaling of a gas mixture in a quiescent state using Everest-1 (model 7) Hypoxic Trainer system that generates 10-plus l/min of the gas mixture with 10-16% of oxygen. The sample was tested by computerized Sports Psycho-physiologist Test System to generate a range of psycho-physiological test rates including intellectual efficiency.
The Sports Psycho-physiologist Test set included: the angular speed valuation; segments valuation; segments metering; angle valuation; and angle perception tests; plus the following sensorimotor response tests: right hand: response to light time; response to sound time; choice reaction; right leg response to light time; response to sound time; and right hand / right leg tapping test; and the left hand response to light time; response to sound time; choice reaction; left leg response to light time; response to sound time; and left hand / left leg tapping test. The tests were designed to prevent the monotony-related fatigue.
Results and conclusion. The tests and analysis found the key variations in the psycho-physiological test rates with hypoxic training in the junior bench shooting sample. We found that the hypoxic training tends to speed up some sensorimotor responses and slow down a few motor functions. The test data arrays showed both positive and negative aspects of hypoxic training on the psycho-physiological functionality. The study findings may be recommended for consideration in the initiatives to use hypoxic training as an ergogenic tool in the bench shooting training systems.
Keywords: normobaric hypoxia, intellectual efficiency, bench shooting.
Background. Hypoxic trainings are increasingly popular in the modern sports training systems. A wide variety of the hypoxic training protocols rank such trainings with ergogenic tools [1, 2] recommended on a prudently selective and controlled basis, with most of the relevant study reports analyzing their benefits for cyclic sports [5]. As for the highly coordinated sports, hypoxic training benefits still need to be tested and analyzed [3]. The ongoing theoretical and practical research in bench shooting tends to underestimate potential benefits of hypoxic training for working ca-
pacity [4] - largely due to a shortage of the relevant study reports.
Objective of the study was to analyze benefits of normobaric hypoxic training model for intellectual efficiency in youth bench shooting sport using psychophysiological functionality tests.
Methods and structure of the study. The study was run at the N.I. Volkov Sports Biochemistry and Bioenergetics Department Laboratory of Russian State University of Physical Education, Sports, Youth and Tourism (SCOLIPE). We sampled junior bench shoot-
ers (n=40) on their informed written consent and split them up into RG (trained traditionally) and EG (trained using hypoxic training method). The normobaric hypoxic training model implied a 30-minute inhaling of a gas mixture in a quiescent state using Everest-1 (model 7) Hypoxic Trainer system that generates 10-plus l/min of the gas mixture with 10-16% of oxygen. The sample was tested by computerized Sports Psycho-physiologist Test System to generate a range of psycho-physiological test rates including intellectual efficiency.
The Sports Psycho-physiologist Test set included: the angular speed valuation; segments valuation; segments metering; angle valuation; and angle perception tests; plus the following sensorimotor response tests: right hand: response to light time; response to sound time; choice reaction; right leg response to light time; response to sound time; and right hand / right leg tapping test; and the left hand response to light time; response to sound time; choice reaction; left leg response to light time; response to sound time; and left hand / left leg tapping test. The tests were designed to prevent the monotony-related fatigue.
Results and discussion. The RG and EG showed the same test pattern with the test errors basically reduced with the tests repetitions. Thus the EG showed statistically significant progress in the angular speed valuation, angle perception and segments valuation tests
Angles perception test module, % Segments valuation test module, % Segments metering test module, %
Segments metering test module, % Angular speed valuation test module, %
[meaning]
-1,00
-0,50
I 0,29 0,00 0,50
■ RG «TG
insignificant. The RG was also tested with reductions in the valuation and perception test errors with repetitions of the tests. Given in Table hereunder are the group averages in the right hand/ right leg tapping test (RHTT, RLTT) - that show statistically significant inter-group differences in virtually every pre- versus post-experimental test.
Table 1. Group averages in the right hand/ leg tapping tests (RHTT, RLTT)
Test RHTT RLTT
EG, X±o RG, X±o EG,X±o RG, X±o
TT1 3,19±2,20*t 0,71±1,23* 2,66±2,88*t -6,80±2,67*
TT2 4,47±4,46* 3,71±5,22* 3,57±3,94*t -6,00±3,93*
TT3 4,42±8,14* 2,95±6,61* 2,85±6,17*t -6,66±4,77*
TT4 3,95±10,61 2,61±6,32* 3,00±7,12*t -6,19±6,64*
TT5 4,42±10,81* 2,47±7,10 3,09±6,67*t -6,09±6,92*
TT6 5,09±11,02* 2,66±7,43 2,95±8,01t -5,61±7,69*
Figure 1. EG versus RG test rates in the valuation and perception tests: *statistically significant difference at p<0.05
The EG trained using hypoxic training method showed generally positive growth trend in every test, with the only exception for the error rate in the segments metering test - that grew after the hypoxic training sessions, although the growth was statistically
*pre- versus post-experimental test difference statistically significant at p<0.05;
f unrelated group test difference statistically significant at p<0.05
The above RHTT and RLTT data showed statistically significant sags in the tapping frequency in the both groups, with the drop in the EG more expressed than in the RG which even showed some growth versus the startup tests in some cases. The RHTT tapping test data comparisons showed an expressed drop in the further tests in the EG due to the hypoxic training. Furthermore, we found no differences between the RHTT4 and RLTT6 in the EG; RHTT5 and RHTT6 in the RG; and LHTT5 and LHTT6 in the EG. The same intra-group test data difference logics were found in the left hand and left leg tapping test data arrays.
The LHTT and LLTT test data showed statistically significant progress in the tapping frequency with repetitions - versus the EG that showed a regress in the tapping frequency with repetitions due to the hypoxic training. The intergroup LHTT and LLTT test data was found statistically significantly different.
This expressed effect of hypoxic training - that tends to slow down the tapping test frequency - may be used in the training process to intensify the complex coordination movement sequences typical for bench shooting sport. We also found statistically significant intergroup differences in the left leg response to light and choice reaction; and in the right hand / left hand response to sound and light tests.
The EG intra-group test data showed statistically significant differences in the RG choice reaction, left leg response to light and right hand / left leg response
http://www.tpfk.ru
33
to sound tests. It should be noted that in the RG choice reaction test the test data difference was negative. In addition we would mention the first and final test data differences. The intergroup test data in the right hand / left hand / left leg response to sound test were found statistically significantly different - that may be interpreted as influence of the hypoxic training that tends to slow down the response times versus the hypoxic-training-free RG training system.
The test data generally showed positive effects of normobaric hypoxic training as an ergogenic training tool for bench shooting sport. It may be recommended to attain some specific goals in the bench shooting training systems classified by the training stages traditions for this sport discipline.
Conclusion. The tests and analysis found the key variations in the psycho-physiological test rates with hypoxic training in the junior bench shooting sample. We found that the hypoxic training tends to speed up some sensorimotor responses and slow down a few motor functions. The test data arrays showed both positive and negative aspects of hypoxic training on the psycho-physiological functionality. The study findings may be recommended for consideration in the initiatives to use hypoxic training as an ergogenic tool in the bench shooting training systems.
References
1. Kolchinskaya A.Z. Oxygen, physical condition, working capacity. Kiev: Nauka dumka publ., 1991. 208 p.
2. Volkov N.I., Voytenko Yu.L., Tambovtseva R.V. et al. Problems of Egogenous Methods and Techniques of Training in Theory and Practice of Elite Sport. Teoriya i praktika fiz. kultury. 2013. no. 8. pp. 68-72.
3. Sechin D.I., Danilov D.V. Analysis of megastruc-ture of elite shooters training in trench stand. Modern trends and topical issues in development of shooting sports. Proc. III national with international participation research-practical conf. dedicated to the 40th anniversary of VS-IPC, Voronezh, June 05 2019. O.N. Savinkova, M.M. Kublanov [ed.]. Voronezh: Elist publ.,
2019. pp. 45-49.
4. Sechin D.I., Tambovtseva R.V. Hypoxia as factor of intensification of complex coordination activity in sports. Sovremennye voprosy biomeditsiny.
2020. V. 4. No. 1 (10). pp. 3-11.
5. Tambovtseva R.V., Voytenko J.L., Laptev A.I. et al. Efficiency of ergogenic influence of normobaric hypoxic stimuli on athletes' performance. Teoriya i praktika fiz. kultury. 2020. No. 5. pp. 61-63.
