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UDC 633.11:631.527
NEW VARIETY OF STRONG WINTER WHEAT UNIVERSAL TYPE ODYSSEY
Kovtun V.I., Doctor of Agricultural Sciences Kovtun L.N., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences Stavropol Research Institute of Agriculture, Mikhailovsk, Russia Phone: +7 (8652) 611-773, E-mail: sniish@mail.ru
ABSTRACT
The paper presents the morphological and agronomic and biological characteristics and properties of the new varieties of winter wheat Odyssey. This is a sort of soft winter wheat universal type, which is intended for sowing best fertilizer nonfallow predecessors, intense and medium intense technologies of fallow and half fallow.
KEY WORDS
Group; Variety; Yield; Quality; Winter hardiness; Sustainability; Technology; Predecessor.
Productivity - is the most important characteristics of the sort. High-yield sorts must successfully withstand unfavourable environmental conditions, maximum use the most of the favourable factors, stably maintain productivity in a production environment [1]. According to P.N. Rybalkina [2] short stature sorts of spring wheat which were derived in Mexico allowed back in 1952-1975 to increase the yield of wheat in the whole of the country 4 times. Doubling of crop yields over 100 years in Europe (1820-1919) by 50% due to breeding success [3]. High-yield crops must have, first of all, grain quality, resistance to lodging, diseases and pests, frost, drought, etc.
Soft wheat sorts, depending on the baking qualities (the physical properties of the dough), are divided into three main groups: strong wheat, wheat of medium strength and weak. Of strong grain flour can be made lush, fragrant bread, with a smooth golden crust, with a larger volume of small thin-walled porous crumb. The special value of strong wheat is that its grain flour can improve the quality of bread of weak wheat baking mixed with it. Such wheats are called improvers.
Wheat flour of which can be successfully used for baking bread of good quality, but which is not able to improve the weak wheat bread, is characterized as medium baking strength wheat. It is often called valuable. Of weak wheat flour one receives bread of a small volume with large, coarse, thick-walled cell crumb.
In the world production of wheat in the strong wheat share accounts for only 15-20% , the weak - 50-55 %, therefore , half or a little more of the world's wheat can produce bread of high quality only when you add it to 25-30% of high-quality grain wheat improvers.
METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH
The basic method of operation used in the selection of soft winter wheat of different intensity is a complex intraspecific step by step hybridization with the early stages of crossings of eco- geographically remote sorts and forms. At subsequent stages of crossings, thus obtained accessions (lines) between themselves or with sorts from other regions possessing a set of valuable agronomic and biological characteristics and properties.
All assessment, monitoring, yield accounting are carried out in accordance with «Guidelines for State crop variety trials» (1985) [4]. Quality of grain, bread was determined according to the procedures set forth in the «Guidelines on the assessment of quality of grain» (1977) [5]. Winter wheat was carried out by the predecessor pairs, with a seeding rate of 400 germinating seeds per 1 m2. Before sowing complex mineral fertilizers were added at a dose of N40 P60 K40. In order to create finely - lumpy soil conditions sowing cultivation on seed depth (5-6cm) was performed.
RESULTS OF RESEARCH
Sort of winter wheat Odyssey refers to the southern steppe (North of Caucasian) environmental group of wheats. This sort is of a generic type, well adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of southern Russia, intended for planting at the best fertilized nonfallow predecessors half of fallow, fallow, medium-intensive technologies.
Sort Lutescens. The spike is white brome at the top of its there are awn shoots of 1-2 cm high, of fusiform, medium density (18-22 spikelets per 10 cm of length of the rod). Glumes are lanceolate, venation is well marked. Barb glume is coracoid. Leverage is medium width, beveled. Kiel is strongly emphasized. Grain is red, slightly pubescent, of semicircular shape, the average is score.
Odyssey is a high-yielding sort. The average yield of it during 3-year study (2010-2012) was 6.10 t/ha. Increase to the standard variety Batko was 1.27 t/ha (Table 1).
Table 1 - Economic and biological characteristics of sort of winter wheat Odyssey (2010-2012)
Indicators Unit measurement Variety
Odyssey Batko
Yield t/ha 6,10 4,83
Vegetation period days 263 265
Height of plant cm 89 76
Lodging resistance score 5 5
Defeat by brown rust % 0 30-40
Defeat by mildew score 0-1 1,2
No. of surviving plants after freezing % 53,5 32,1
Winter hardness score 5,0 4,2
Grain unit g/l 788 778
Grain hardness % 72 62
Grain protein content % 15,1 14,1
Gluten content in grain % 29,9 26,1
Group of gluten IDK I I
Bakery flour strength a.u. 467 383
The volumetric yield of 100 g bread flour cm3 849 817
Overall rating bread score 5,0 4,9
Structurally, the Odyssey generates higher yields due to a longer spike and spike grain weight in comparison with the standard.
Odyssey has several positive agronomic traits and characteristics. This is a sort of undersized plant (height 89 cm), resistant to lodging - 5 points. It is of mid-early ripening and maturing, comes into ear 2 days earlier than standard. Frost hardiness is significantly higher than the standard Batko. Number of surviving plants after freezing the average for 2010 to 2012, the new varieties - 53.5%, respectively, in the standard - 32.1%. Winter hardiness in Odyssey for average years of study was 5 points, Batko has - 4.2 points. The sort is resistant to leaf rust defeat, middle stable to defeat milde, is not affected by loose smut. For flour baking properties of wheat meets strong in this respect superior grade Batko strong winter wheat, which is listed as strong Russian wheat varieties.
Odyssey is a soft winter wheat sort of generic type, intended for planting at the best fertilized nonfallow predecessors, medium-intensive technologies, and by middle-fallow or fallow. For getting high-quality grain, it is preferable to make N40 P60 K40 under basic tillage and spend up to three nitrogen application with the introduction N30 - N40 every time, pest control, timely harvesting.
REFERENCES
1. Kovtun V.I. Selection of highly adaptive varieties of winter wheat and innovative technology elements of their cultivation in arid conditions of southern Russia: monograph / V.I. Kovtun. - Rostov n / D: The Book, 2002. - 319 p.
2. Ribalkin P.N. Improving the efficiency of grain production / P.N. Ribalkin. - M. Agropromizdat, 1990. - 224 p.
3. Semin A.S. Modify or die / A.S. Semin. - M.: ICAR, 1999. - 276 p.
4. Methodology of State crop variety testing. - M., 1985. - Issue 1. - 270 p.
5. Guidelines for assessing the quality of the grain. - Moscow: Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Council on the quality of grain, 1977. - 172 p.
