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Мирославский И.Р.
студент 3 курс, факультет «Информатика и Вычислительная техника» Донской Государственный Технический Университет
Россия, г. Ростов-на-Дону Пронина Е.Е.
студент 3 курс, факультет «Информатика и Вычислительная техника» Донской Государственный Технический Университет
Россия, г. Ростов-на-Дону DOI: 10.24411/2520-6990-2019-10937 НОВЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И РАЗРАБОТКИ В ФОТОНИКЕ И НАНОФОТОНИКЕ
Miroslavsky I.R.
Student 3 course, faculty «Informatics and computer engineering» Don state technical University, Russia, Rostov-on-Don
Pronina E.E.
Student 3 course, faculty «Informatics and computer engineering» Don state technical University, Russia, Rostov-on-Don
NEW RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN PHOTONICS AND NANOPHOTONICS
Аннотация
В статье анализируется развитие фотоники и нанофотоники - отрасли нанотехнологий, появившейся в начале 2000-х годов, которая имеет особенность открытия новых прикладных возможностей. Кроме того, описаны ключевые отечественные и зарубежные участники исследований и обсуждены некоторые результаты текущей научной политики.
Abstract
The article analyzes the development of photonics and nanophotonics - a branch of nanotechnology that appeared in the early 2000s, which has the peculiarity of discovering new applied possibilities. In addition, the key domestic and foreign research participants are described and some results of the current scientific policy are discussed.
Ключевые слова: нанофотоника, фотоника, междисциплинарное поле, наноструктурированные материалы, квантовые технологии.
Keywords: nanophotonics, photonics, interdisciplinary field, nanostructured materials, quantum technologies
The rate of growth and spread of nanotechnology number of documents, including those addressed to the (NT) is not only due to the already developed and put US government, nanophotonics was not included in the into practice areas (for example, semiconductor or car- number of national technological programs, but was bon nanostructures), but also appearing again branches. recognized as a technology that ensured the develop-One of them is nanophotonics, which is associated with ment of strategic areas such as brain research , big data, the interaction of light with nanostructured materials. development of new manufacturing technologies. In Her appearance as a research front in the early 2000s the promotion of photonics research, the alliances of coincided with the dominance of NT at the state level scientific societies with industrial firms began to play by dozens of states. The driver of the development of an increasing role.
nanophotonics was the discovered new opportunities in Russia almost missed the stage of development of
solar panels and LEDs, medical diagnostics and ther- modern computer technology. Separate systems that apy, for ultra-secure communications, data storage, as were produced for specialized purposes require im-well as in the military sphere. ported components, and are clearly uncompetitive out-
In this regard, the study of new developments and side of military contracts. Thus, it can be noted that in research in the field of photonics and nanophotonics is the field of photonics in the Russian Federation it is gaining importance. quite difficult today to move towards the development
In the United States, government support for nano- of blocks for the modernization of modern technology. photonics and photonics research has a long history. At the same time, laying the systems of a new architec-Back in the 1950s research began on lasers, which were ture, relying on the presence of a certain amount of funded from defense programs, and until the 1980s. competencies in quantum and optical technologies, it is The state was the main source of funding for laser re- possible to enter international cooperation, with the search. concentration in the Russian Federation of several key
The government's interest in supporting nanopho- technologies to create the corresponding centers of tonics appeared only after the start of the global eco- competence on their basis.
nomic crisis of 2008-2009. Russian scientific developments in new areas, as a
Despite the fact that the importance of the devel- rule, were initially concentrated, primarily in the center, opment of nanophotonics was reflected in a significant and only subsequently spread to the regions. For a long
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time, the main channel for promoting science in the regions was the institutions of the academic system, but since 2006, the main driving force for promoting research has gradually turned into a modernized university sector.
According to researchers, universities increased their combined contribution to publications and research from 55.2% in 2000-2008. up to 72.5% in 20092018 At the same time, the contribution of regional universities increased from 20.4 to 34.7%. The growth was especially noticeable after the launch of the "Project 5100" in 2013 (12 of the 21 participants were provincial universities). In general, in the field of nanotechnology, non-capital cities were dominated by Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, and Nizhny Novgorod, in which the leading institutes of the SB RAS, the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences are concentrated. In the development of nanopho-tonics, Krasnoyarsk, Saratov, and Ulyanovsk have good positions. The universities located in them (SFU, SSU, UlSU) are among the most productive scientific organizations. Consequently, the policy of deconcentration of research in the field of nanophotonics and photonics, judging by bibliometric indicators, already brings certain results.
Today, the RAS ranks third in the global ranking of scientific productivity after the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Center for Scientific Research of France, and two Russian universities are in the first hundred world universities. Moreover, in recent years, ITMO has risen to 19th place, overtaking Moscow State University (49th place). The Russian Federation remains in the top ten states in scientific publications on nanophotonics, which proves its sufficient international competitiveness. The citation parameters of the works of Russian researchers on this topic are not so optimistic. However, they are better than citation indicators for nanotechnology developments in general, which is due, inter alia, to more intensive international cooperation.
In July 2019, in St. Petersburg, the IV conference on nanophotonics and metamaterials METANANO 2019 was held, which was organized by the staff of the International Research Center for Nanophotonics and Metamaterials and the Physics and Technology Faculty of ITMO University. In 2-19, the event brought together 400 researchers from America, Europe, Africa and Asia. Fundamental research in the field of photonics and nanophotonics and business-oriented projects in the field of radio-frequency bionanotechnologies, technologies and solar energy were discussed, as well as the opportunity to create new collaborations.
Researchers are currently working on the development of quantum light sources. Currently, in this area throughout the world you can see a lot of activity. One of the key problems is to use quantum light sources, for example, to ensure the safety of quantum communications, and to develop optical quantum computing.
The practical application is related to the quantum distribution of keys (a key transfer method that uses quantum phenomena to guarantee secure communication). Thus, a significant contribution in this direction of improving nanophotonics can be made.
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In general, nanophotonics is a fairly young direction, which has many prospects. From a scientific point of view, this is a lively interdisciplinary field that provides great opportunities for young researchers to work on different topics, expand their knowledge and explore narrower aspects.
Thus, we can conclude the following.
Photonics today is one of the locomotives of innovative development of the global economy. This area has strong state support in India and China, photonics technology is actively developed in Brazil and South Africa. Active state management of the development of photonics (tax policy, state orders, export support, support for domestic producers, stimulation of investments in the industry, etc.) is carried out in all leading countries in the development and production of photonics technologies and products. Long-term cooperation of the Laser Association with its Chinese counterparts indicates that China supports the proposed cooperation in the field of nanophotonics and photonics. Given the global economic development trends, it can be noted that other BRICS countries will also be interested in accelerated development of highly efficient photonics and nanophotonics technologies. The development of mutually beneficial cooperation and business ties in the high-tech industry is important for the goals of the BRICS countries, and the proposed topic is one of the few that are actively developing in all the states of this association.
In general, the Russian Federation has achieved quite high international positions in nanophotonics, its research and development has been integrated into the world, researchers have the opportunity to participate in joint works at the forefront of science (for example, in the study of the principles of light control using metasurfaces). Nevertheless, Russian research centers have not been able to obtain the status of central nervous system at the international level, the number of autonomous highly cited publications is still relatively small. The practice of formal registration of affiliations in Russian publications is preserved (part-time researchers, "hidden emigrants", etc.), which distorts statistics and complicates the analysis of real scientific cooperation. But with all the disadvantages, the study of the effectiveness of scientific activity using biblio-metric methods for evaluating publications contributes to a reasoned scientific policy and the formation of an objective basis for scientific diplomacy.
References
1. Editorial (2011) the hidden face of nanophotonics // Nature Photonics. V. 5(7). P. 379.
2. Nanophotonics: Accessibility and Applicability. Chapter 4: Potential military applications of nanophotonics (2008). https://www.nap.edu/ read/11907/chapter/6.
3. Terekhov A.I. (2017) the place of Russia in a changing nanotechnological landscape // International processes. T. 15 (1). S. 79-91.Tijssen, R.J.W., Visser, M.S., Van Leeuwen, T.N. (2002) Benchmarking international scientific excellence: are highly cited research papers an appropriate frame of reference? // Scien-tometrics. V. 54(3). P. 381-397.
4. Terekhov A.I. (2017) Bibliometric analysis of the carbon direction of nanotechnology: 2000-2015 // Economics of science. T. 3 (4) S. 262-274.
