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DOI: 10.21294/1814-4861-2021-20-6-164-170 УДК: 618.19-006.6-056.7:575.224
Для цитирования: Гервас П.А., Молоков А.Ю., Зарубин А.А., Пономарева А.А., Бабышкина Н.Н., Белявская В.А., Писарева Л.Ф., Чойнзонов Е.Л., Чердынцева Н.В. Новая мутация в гене TP53, ассоциированная с наследственным раком молочной железы, у молодой пациентки тувинской национальности. Сибирский онкологический журнал. 2021; 20(6): 164-170. - doi: 10.21294/1814-4861-2021-20-6-164-170
For citation: Gervas P.A., MolokovA.Yu., Zarubin A.A., Ponomareva A.A., Babyshkina N.N., Belyavskaya V.A., Pisareva L.F., Choynzonov E.L., Cherdyntseva N.V. New mutation of the TP53 gene associated with the hereditary breast cancer in a young Tuvinian woman. Siberian Journal of Oncology. 2021; 20(6): 164-170. - doi: 10.21294/1814-4861-202120-6-164-170
NEW MUTATION OF THE TP53 GENE ASSOCIATED WITH THE HEREDITARY BREAST CANCER IN A YOUNG
TUVINIAN WOMAN
P.A. Gervas1, A.Yu. Molokov1, A.A. Zarubin2, A.A. Ponomareva1, N.N. Babyshkina1, V.A. Belyavskaya3, L.F. Pisareva1, E.L. Choynzonov1, N.V. Cherdyntseva1
Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia1
5, Kooperativny Street, 634009, Tomsk, Russia. E-mail: pgervas@yandex.ru1
Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of
Science, Tomsk, Russia2
10, Nab. Ushaiki, 634050, Tomsk, Russia2
Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology, Vector, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia3 630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia3
Аннотация
Background. The identification of the ethnospecific mutations associated with hereditary breast cancer remains challenging. Next generation sequencing (NGS) technology fully enables the compilation of germline variants associated with the risk for inherited diseases. Despite the success of the NGS, up to 20 % of molecular tests report genetic variant of unknown significance (VUS) or novel variants that have never been previously described and their clinical significances are unknown. To obtain extended information about the variants of the unknown significance, it is necessary to use an alternative approach for the analysis of the NGS data. To obtain extended characteristic about the unknown significance variants, it is necessary to search for additional tools for the analysis of the NGS data. Material and Methods. We reclassified the mutation of the unknown significance using the ActiveDriveDB database that assessed the effect of mutations on sites of post-translational modifications, and the ProteinPaint tool that complemented the existing cancer genome portals and provided a comprehensive and intuitive view of cancer genomic data. Results. In this study, we report a 44-year-old Tuvinian woman with a family history of breast cancer. Based on the NGS data, mutational analysis revealed the presence of the LRG_321t1: c.80C>T heterozygous variant in exon 2, which led to the proline to leucine change at codon 27 of the protein. In the dbPubMed database, this mutation was determined as unknown significance due to data limitation. According to the data of the ActiveDriverDB tool, this mutation is located distally at the site of post-translational protein modification, which is responsible for binding to kinases that regulate genes of the cell cycle, etc. (ATM, CHEK2, CDK, MAPK). In accordance with ProteinPaint tool, the LRG_321t1: c.80C>T mutation is located in functionally specialized transactivation domains and codon of the TP53 gene, where the pathogenic mutation associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome has been earlier described. Conclusion. This report is the first to describe a new variant in the TP53 gene (rs1555526933), which is likely to be associated with hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome, including Li-Fraumeni syndrome, in a Tuvinian BC patient with young-onset and familial BC.
Key words: germline mutation, breast cancer, small nationality of Russia, ethnic group, Tuvinian.
Гервас Полина Анатольевна, pgervas@yandex.ru 164 SiBERiAN JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY. 2021; 20(6): 164-170
НОВАЯ МУТАЦИЯ В ГЕНЕ ТР53, АССОЦИИРОВАННАЯ С НАСЛЕДСТВЕННЫМ РАКОМ МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ, У МОЛОДОЙ ПАЦИЕНТКИ ТУВИНСКОЙ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОСТИ
П.А. Гервас1, А.Ю. Молоков1, А.А. Зарубин2, А.А. Пономарева1, Н.Н. Бабышкина1, В.А. Белявская3, Л.Ф. Писарева1, Е.Л. Чойнзонов1, Н.В. Чердынцева1
Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук, г Томск, Россия1
Россия, 634009, г. Томск, пер. Кооперативный, 5. E-mail: pgervas@yandex.ru1 Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской генетики, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр, Российская академия наук, г. Томск, Россия2 Россия, 634050, г Томск, ул. Набережная Ушайки, 102
ФБУН «Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор», Новосибирская область, пос. Кольцово, Россия3 Россия, 630559, пос. Кольцово3
Abstract
Введение. Проблема идентификации в российских популяциях этноспецифических мутаций, ассоциированных с наследственными формами рака молочной железы, остается открытой. Технология высокопроизводительного секвенирования является методом выбора, однако существуют сложности интерпретации полученного массива данных при аннотировании их с использованием общепринятых баз данных. Так, для малоизученных популяций от 20 % молекулярных тестов сообщают о генетических вариантах неизвестного значения (VUS) или новых вариантах, которые ранее не были описаны. Для получения расширенной информации о вариантах высокопроизводительного секвенирования неизвестного значения необходимо использовать альтернативные подходы анализа данных. Материал и методы. Проведена реклассификация мутации неизвестного значения гена ТР53 с использованием базы данных ActiveDriveDB, которая оценивает влияние мутаций на сайты посттрансляционных модификаций, и инструмента ProteinPaint, который обеспечивает всестороннее и интуитивно понятное представление о геномных данных. Результаты. Мутация гена TP53 (rs1555526933) была обнаружена у молодой тувинки 44 лет с диагнозом РМЖ. В базе данных dbPubMed (rs1555526933, chr17:7579716, G>A, Pro27Leu) эта мутация является вариантом неизвестного значения (unknown significance) с отсутствием информации о частоте встречаемости минорного аллеля. Согласно данным инструмента ActiveDriverDB, эта мутация расположена дистально в сайте посттрансляционной модификации белков, отвечающем за связывание с киназами, регулирующими гены клеточного цикла и др. (ATM, CHEK2, CDK, MAPK). Согласно данным ProteinPoint, эта мутация находится в кодоне, где ранее была описана патогенная мутация гена TP53 p.Leu26GlnfsTer4 (NM_000546.6 (TP53): c.77_80delinsAAGAACGT (p.Leu26fs), приводящая к формированию синдрома Ли - Фраумени (группа редких наследственных опухолевых заболеваний). Заключение. Впервые у пациентки (тувинский этнос) с ранним началом РМЖ и отягощенным онкологическим анамнезом описан вариант гена TP53 (rs1555526933), который может быть связан с синдромом наследственной предрасположенности к РМЖ, включая синдром Ли - Фраумени.
Ключевые слова: наследственные мутации, рак молочной железы, малые народы России, этносы, тувинцы.
Introduction
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common female malignancy worldwide. Germline alterations are responsible for early-onset BC or ovarian cancer in 7—15 % of patients [1]. Next generation sequencing allows the detection of different type s of DNA damage (not pathogenic, likely not pathogenic, uncertain, likely pathogenic, pathogenic). The interpretation of variants of unknown significance (VUS) is still a major challenge and misunderstanding of them can lead to serious clinical mistakes for patients and their
families [2, 3]. Breast cancer-related gene alterations are known to differ between different ethnic groups. There are limited data on hereditary BC-associated mutations in Tuvinian BC patients (0,5 % of the total population of Russia) [4].
Our previous study was aimed at identifying the BC-associated mutations in 24 BC patients living in Siberia (Tuvans) using NGS. Thus, 75 % of patients with early-onset BC and/or family history had no clinically relevant mutations (pathogenic mutations). This study aimed to reclassify the variants of unknown
significance by using the comprehensive human proteo-genomics ActiveDriveDB database and ProteinPaint tool that allow visualization of mutations in protein.
Material and Methods
The eligibility criteria were as follows: early age of onset BC and/or family history (2 or more close relatives with BC) and/or the presence of synchronous or metachronous multiple primary tumors [5]. Exclusion criteria included the presence of well-known BC-associated BRCA gene mutations (BRCA1 5382insC, 185delAG, 4153delAG, T300G, 3819delGTAAA, 3875delGTCT, 2080delA and BRCA2 6174delT).
Blood was collected in blood tubes containing K2EDTA. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood lymphocytes using the phenol/ chloroform method. DNA library were prepared using the Hereditary Cancer Solution™ kit (Sophia GENETICS, Switzerland) to cover 27 genes, such as ATM, APC, BARD1, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, CDH1, CHEK2, EPCAM, FAM175A, MLH1, MRE11A, MSH2, MSH6, MUTYH, NBN, PALB2, PIK3CA, PMS2, PMS2CL, PTEN, RAD50, RAD51C, RAD51D, STK11, TP53, andXRCC2. Paired-end sequencing (2 x 150 bp) was conducted using NextSeq 50o system (Illumina, USA) [6].
Bioinformatics analysis
Sequencing data was analyzed according to the GATK (Genome Analysis Toolkit) best practice recommendation for Whole Exome Sequencing using GRCh3 7 as a reference for Burrows-Wheeler alignment. The obtained variants were annotated with ANNOVAR software and ranged according to population frequency (genomic exome, gnomAD genome, and ExAC), ClinVar, CADD, and literature data [7-9]. Detected sequence variants were annotated using PolyPhen2, Mutation Taster, and SIFT [10-12].
The open-source database is available at https:// www.ActiveDriverDB.org (Ontario Institute for Cancer Research) and contains more than 385,000 mutations associated with post-translational modification sites (PTM mutations) and numerous amino acid substitutions from The Cancer Genome
Atlas, ClinVar and other projects and simulates site-specific interaction networks of proteins with upstream enzymes and approved drugs. The VCF files were aligned to hg19/GRCh37 version of the human genome. NGS data were further annotated regarding their position in post-translational modifications sites. Depending on the location of amino acid substitutions in the post-translational modification sites, mutations can be described as direct (central amino acid residue of the PTM site) or indirect (proximal or distal if they replace 1-2 or 3-7 amino acid residues from the nearest PTM site, respectively). An assessment of the network impact of mutations also was carried out using ActiveDriverDB. ProteinPaint tool was used to complement existing cancer genome portals and provide a comprehensive and intuitive view of cancer genomic data with advanced visualization features.
Results and Discussion
We report the case of a 44-year-old Tuvinian woman with breast cancer in early age and family history (second relatives with stomach cancer). Based on the NGS data, mutational analysis revealed the presence of the c.80C>T heterozygous variant in exon 2 of TP53 gene.
First mention about this variant was reported by S. Kato et al. (2003) [13]. This variant of TP53 gene was included to International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) TP53 database. The p.P27L variant (also known as c.80C>T), located in coding exon 2 of the TP53 gene, results from a C to T substitution at nucleotide position 80. The proline at codon 27 is replaced by leucine, an amino acid with similar properties. This variant is reported to have deficient transac-tivation capacity compared to wild type in yeast based functional assays. In silico prediction for this alteration is inconclusive. The authors summarized that clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear.
Data from PubMed and ClinVare database
The mutation NM_001126112.2: c.80C>T (HGVS) of TP53 gene is marked as rs1555526933, position chr17:7676398 (GRCh38.p13), variation type is SNV, frequency - none. In ClinVar this variant is reported as missense variant of unknown or uncertain clinical significance.
Fig. 1. Location of the mutation NM_001126112.2: c.80C>T (HGVS) of TP53 gene in the post-translational modification site (red arrow) Рис. 1. Локализация мутации NM_001126112.2: c.80C>T (HGVS) в гене TP53 в сайте посттрансляционной модификации (красная стрелка)
Data from human proteo-genomics
ActiveDrive database
Open-source database https://wwwActiveDriverDB. org (Ontario Institute for Cancer Research) annotates mutations through the prism of post-translational modification sites (PTMs). It is well known that after translation proteins undergo different post-translational modifications (PTMs) or chemical modifications (phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, acetylation, and lipidation) that impact their activity and function. PTMs influence many processes in the cell, including protein activation and degradation, protein-protein interactions, chromatin organization, development, and signaling pathways associated with different types of cancers [14]. Mutations at PTM sites could alter sequence motifs linked by PTM enzymes and can affect signaling networks. Further, PTMs provide potential sites of intervention and could be used in precision cancer therapies [15].
The mutation NM_001126112.2: c.80C>T (HGVS) of TP53 gene is classified by ActiveDriverDB as post-translational modification mutations with distal replace, meaning 1-2 or 3-7 amino acid residues from the PTM site (fig. 1). Moreover, the post-translational modification site, where this mutation is located, involves in regulation of numerous genes such as CHEK1/2, CDK, MAPK, ATM and others. ActiveDriverDB analysis also suggests that this substitution of TP53 gene may induce gains of phosphosites of the four pharmaceutically targetable kinases.
Data from ProteinPaint tool
The mutation of TP53 gene that was found in a young Tuvinian breast cancer woman (44-year-old) was located in codon of gene, where the pathogenic mutation associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome was earlier described (NM_000546.6
(TP53): c.77_80delinsAAGAACGT (p.Leu26fs)). In accordance with db PubMed, the mutation (NM_000546.6 (TP53): c.77_80delinsAAGAACGT(p. Leu26fs)) of TP53 gene is marked as rs397516438, chr17:7676398-7676401 position (GRCh38.p13), frameshift variant type and none frequency. In ClinVar, this variant is reported as likely-pathogenic for Li-Fraumeni syndrome and pathogenic for hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome [16, 17]. The p53 gene mutations described above are located in functionally specialized transactivation domain that impacts the transcription of different genes [18].
Li-Fraumeni syndrome belongs to a group of rare inherited autosomal-dominant disorder or hereditary diseases (Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome) and is characterized by high genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Li-Fraumeni syndrome is caused by an inherited (germline) pathogenic variant of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 17. In patients affected by Li-Fraumeni syndrome, more than 597 germline mutations in the TP53 gene (TP53 Database (IARC)) have been described. Cancers associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome often occur at earlier ages; 80 % of bone and soft-tissue sarcomas and breast cancer associated with the syndrome occur prior to age 45 [19]. It is known about more than 1000 families with Li-Fraumeni syndrome from 172 countries. According to the literature, there is no evidence of ethnic or geographic disparity in the occurrence of Li-Fraumeni syndrome, but a high prevalence of it has been reported in Brazil. The Southern population of Brazil with Li-Fraumeni syndrome has been associated with a specific variant of the TP53 (R337H) [20]. The population of Southern Brazil with this «founder mutation» has roughly a 60 % lifetime risk of cancers with favorable survival rates.
There were some limitations in our study. Clinical-morphological characteristics of the patient and samples of her relatives were not available for the analysis, since the material was collected more than
Fig. 2. Visualization of the mutation NM_001126112.2: c.80C>T (HGVS) of TP53 gene by ProteinPaint tool Рис. 2. Визуализация мутации NM_001126112.2: c.80C>T (HGVS) в гене TP53 с помощью программы ProteinPaint
10 years ago and was partially lost. Thus, the use of additional databases (human proteo-genomics ActiveDriveDB and ProteinPaint) made it possible to obtain additional important information about NM_001126112.2: c.80C>T mutation of the TP53 gene.
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Conclusion
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Received/Поступила 29.10.2021 Accepted/Принята в печать 02.12.2021
СВЕДЕНИЯ ОБ АВТОРАХ
Гервас Полина Анатольевна, кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной онкологии и иммунологии, руководитель группы молекулярно-генетических методов исследований в референсном центре, Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук (г Томск, Россия). E-mail: pgervas@yandex.ru. SPIN-code: 2934-7970. Researcher ID (WOS): C-5846-2012. Author ID (Scopus): 13613767400. ORCID: 0000-0003-0051-8814.
Молоков Алексей Юрьевич, аспирант ТГУ, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной онкологии и иммунологии, Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук (г. Томск, Россия). SPIN-code: 1347-8410. Researcher ID (WOS): AAF-7302-2021. Author ID (Scopus): 57217493727. ORCID: 0000-0002-1475-1185.
Зарубин Алексей Андреевич, аспирант, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории геномики орфанных болезней, Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской генетики, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук (г. Томск, Россия). SPIN-code: 7568-0098. Researcher ID (WOS): H-7476-2017. Author ID (Scopus): 57204453703. ORCID: 0000-0001-6568-6339.
Пономарева Анастасия Алексеевна, кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной онкологии и иммунологии, Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук (г. Томск, Россия). SPIN-code: 3185-5606. Researcher ID (WOS): D-8734-2012. Author ID (Scopus): 37116096000. ORCID: 0000-0003-2060-4840.
Бабышкина Наталия Николаевна, доктор медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной онкологии и иммунологии, Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук (г. Томск, Россия). SPIN-code: 2738-9275. Researcher ID (WOS): A-7526-2012. Author ID (Scopus): 26641099700. ORCID: 0000-0002-0562-3878.
Белявская Валентина Александровна, доктор биологических наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник, ФБУН ГНЦ вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор» Роспотребнадзора (Новосибирской область, п. Кольцово, Россия). Писарева Любовь Филипповна, профессор, Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук (г. Томск, Россия). SPIN-code: 3529-0202. Researcher ID (WOS): D-2353-2012. Author ID (Scopus): 7003646806. ORCID: 0000-0003-3507-0095.
Чойнзонов Евгений Лхамацыренович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, директор Научно-исследовательского института онкологии, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук; заведующий кафедрой онкологии, Сибирский государственный медицинский университет (г. Томск, Россия). SPIN-code: 2240-8730. Researcher ID (WOS): P-1470-2014. Author ID (Scopus): 6603352329. ORCID: 0000-0002-3651-0665. Чердынцева Надежда Викторовна, доктор биологических наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, заведующая лабораторией молекулярной онкологии и иммунологии, заместитель директора Научно-исследовательского института онкологии, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук; ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории трансляционной клеточной и молекулярной биомедицины, Томский государственный университет; научный сотрудник лаборатории генетических технологий, Сибирский государственный медицинский университет (г. Томск, Россия). SPIN-code: 5344-0990. Researcher ID (WOS): C-7943-2012. Author ID (Scopus): 6603911744. ORCID: 0000-0003-1526-9013.
ВКЛАД АВТОРОВ
Гервас Полина Анатольевна: набор пациентов, проведение экспериментов, написание и редактирование рукописи.
Молоков Алексей Юрьевич: набор пациентов, проведение экспериментов.
Зарубин Алексей Андреевич: анализ данных.
Пономарева Анастасия Алексеевна: редактирование рукописи.
Бабышкина Наталия Николаевна: редактирование рукописи.
Белявская Валентина Александровна: курирование проекта.
Писарева Любовь Филипповна: курирование проекта.
Чойнзонов Евгений Лхамацыренович: курирование проекта.
Чердынцева Надежда Викторовна: курирование проекта.
Этические принципы проведения исследования
Все пациенты были проинформированы об исследовании и дали письменное информированное согласие. Исследование было одобрено этическим комитетом НИИ онкологии Томского национального исследовательского медицинского центра Российской академии наук, Томск, Россия. Доступность данных и материалов
Данные, подтверждающие выводы этого исследования, могут быть предоставлены по обоснованному запросу.
Финансирование
Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 18-2909046.
Конфликт интересов
Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.
about the authors
Polina A. Gervas, PhD, Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Head of the Group of Molecular-Genetic Research Methods, Reference Center, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences (Tomsk, Russia). E-mail: pgervas@yandex.ru. SPIN-code: 2934-7970. Researcher ID (WOS): C-5846-2012. Author ID (Scopus): 13613767400. ORCID: 0000-0003-0051-8814.
Aleksey Yu. Molokov, Postgraduate, Tomsk State University; Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences (Tomsk, Russia). SPIN-code: 13478410. Researcher ID (WOS): AAF-7302-2021. Author ID (Scopus): 57217493727. ORCID: 0000-0002-1475-1185. Aleksei A. Zarubin, Laboratory Researcher, Evolutionary Genetics Laboratory; Postgraduate, Population Genetics Laboratory, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences (Tomsk, Russia). SPIN-code: 7568-0098. Researcher ID (WOS): H-7476-2017. Author ID (Scopus): 57204453703. ORCID: 0000-0001-6568-6339. Anastasia A. Ponomareva, PhD, Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Immunology; Head of the Group of Molecular-Genetic Research Methods, Reference Center, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy
case reports
of Sciences (Tomsk, Russia). SPIN-code: 3185-5606. Researcher ID (WOS): D-8734-2012. Author ID (Scopus): 37116096000. ORCID: 0000-0003-2060-4840.
Nataliya N. Babyshkina, MD, DSc, Senior Researcher, Department of Experimental Oncology, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences (Tomsk, Russia). SPIN-code: 2738-9275. Researcher ID (WOS): A-7526-2012. Author ID (Scopus): 26641099700. ORCID: 0000-0002-0562-3878. Valentina A. Belyavskaya, Professor, Leading Researcher of the Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology, Vector (Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia).
Lubov F. Pisareva, Professor, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk NRMC (Tomsk, Russia). SPIN-code: 3529-0202. Researcher ID (WOS): D-2353-2012. Author ID (Scopus): 7003646806. ORCID: 0000-0003-3507-0095.
Evgeny L. Choynzonov, MD, DSc, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director of Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences; Head of Oncology Department, Siberian State Medical University (Tomsk, Russia). SPIN-code: 2240-8730. Researcher ID (WOS): P-1470-2014. Author ID (Scopus): 6603352329. ORCID: 0000-0002-3651-0665.
Nadezda V. Cherdyntseva, DSc, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Deputy Director for Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences; Head of the Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology of Cancer Research Institute, Leading Researcher of the Laboratory for Translational Cell and Molecular Biomedicine of Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russia). SPIN-code: 5344-0990. Researcher ID (WOS): C-7943-2012. Author ID (Scopus): 6603911744. ORCID: 0000-0003-1526-9013.
author contribution
Polina A. Gervas: recruited patients, conducted experiments, wrote the manuscript, revised the manuscript.
Aleksey Yu. Molokov: recruited patients, conducted experiments.
Aleksei A. Zarubin: performed data analysis.
Anastasia A. Ponomareva: revised the manuscript.
Nataliya N. Babyshkina: revised the manuscript.
Valentina A. Belyavskaya: supervised the project.
Lubov F. Pisareva: supervised the project.
Evgeny L. Choynzonov: supervised the project.
Nadezda V. Cherdyntseva: supervised the project.
Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate
All patients were informed about the study and provided written informed consent, and the process was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia. Availability of data and material
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Funding
The reported study was funded by RFBR according to research project № 18-29-09046. Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
