CC BY
22
Section 3. Journalism
Barlybayeva Saule, professor, doctor of historical science, the Faculty of Journalism Al-Farabi Kazakh National University E-mail: [email protected]
NEW MEDIA DEVELOPMENT OF THE XX1 CENTURY: GLOBAL AND NATIONAL TENDENCIES
Abstract: The XXI century came, it brought with it the Internet, flash drives, CDs and DVDs, cell phones, smart-phones, e-mail, new media in the form of social networks and the blogosphere. At the present time, all aspects of human activities are being digitized, and, first of all, it concerns mass communication. The aim of the article is to analyze the development of new media sphere in the world under the influence of new information and communication technology (ICT) and new media, give the analysis of the information development in the world and in Kazakhstan at modern period.
Keywords: Mass communication, new mass media, globalization, information technologies, Kazakhstan.
Introduction
Revolutions in the sphere of human culture were largely the result of changes in the modes of transmission and dissemination of new information technologies. They have radically changed the social organization, production and distribution of wealth in societies that were harbingers of social and economic transformation.
Now the digital, multimedia interactive communication technology expands the borders between the countries, becomes more accessible in different regions of the world. There is a merge between transferring channels both telephone, and cable networks. The sector mass communication becomes exchange capable and inter additional.
The beginning of the XX1 century was market by changes in communications, which were caused by new technological processes. The new information and communication technology (ICT) erases the boundaries of time and space and becomes the principal "assistants" of globalization. And, in turn, changes the traditional economy, forms of social activity, and mentality, lifestyle, and habits. The process of convergence between different spheres of communication and information reinforces the transition to a new level of development even in those countries that are traditionally considered to be stable.
Information has become a global inexhaustible resource of humanity, entered into a new era of civilization - the information age. Information and knowledge become one of the strategic resources of the state. The increasing role of this factor as a
means of accelerating the pace of global integration in the economy and a tool of influence on mass consciousness, culture and international relations allow the increasing role of information industry, state information policy in the social development. The modern level of development of states is largely formed on the basis of using the new ICT, based on the active production and the use of information. Not only the natural resources and material wealth, but also the communication infrastructure and information resources are a national wealth.
Content
Global tendencies
In the information age, investments in human capital, in human resources become more important than investments in the material sphere. New information and communication technologies, blurring the boundaries of time and space, become the main "aides" of the process of integration and globalization. And it, in turn, changes both the traditional economy, and the forms of social activity, and the mentality, lifestyle, habits of people. The process of convergence (merging, joining) ofvari-ous spheres of communication and information strengthens the state of transition to a new level of development, even in those countries that are traditionally considered to be stable.
Since its inception and before mass distribution, the regular radio broadcast took 30-35 years, television 15-20, the Internet - 4 years, the social network Facebook has reached 100 million users in nine months. This indicates the accelerated implementation of new information technologies, less
NEW MEDIA DEVELOPMENT OF THE XX1 CENTURY: GLOBAL AND NATIONAL TENDENCIES
and less time is spent from the time of technology discovery to its regular use and mass distribution around the world. We live in a dynamic world of the era of globalization, whose movement is constantly accelerating.
The Internet is a conductor of cultural influence, a catalyst for the unification of people by interests. It creates a qualitatively new virtual, artificial information environment that can not only provide an adequate reflection of the current state of society, but also its self-regulation. In January 2018, the number of Internet users in the world reached 4.021 billion people (the entire population of the planet is 7.6 billion). Growth for the year was 7%. This is reported by "Global Digital 2018" from "We Are Social" and "Hootsuite". "We Are Social" is an international agency specializing in research in the field of social media. "Hootsuite" is one of the oldest tools for managing social networks. At the end of 2017, the number of users increased by 250 million people. In Africa, the fastest growth rates are observed - more than 20% per year. The Internet is distributed unevenly around the world. The highest penetration is observed in Northern Europe (94%), Western Europe (90%) and North America (88%).
Top 10 countries by the number of Internet users: China - 772 million, India - 350 million, the USA - 277 million, Japan - 110 million, Brazil - 110 million, Russia - 87 million, Germany - 72 million, Indonesia - 71 million, Nigeria - 70 million, Mexico - 59 million (in relation to China according to the Information Center of the Internet China (CNNIC), India - Internet and Mobile Association of India and KPMG, for other countries, according to Internetworldstats.com).
The media sphere began to differentiate on different media platforms, for example, the Internet platform (the Internet version of the media), the mobile platform (the version of the edition for the mobile phone: news, matches, exchange rates, weather and various events), PDA platform (version of the publication for pocket personal computer), E-paper-plat-form (version of the edition for electronic paper). The boom
of the computer industry contributed to the development
of the electronic industry, an effective network of computer communication in the educational, social, banking spheres, in interregional telecommunications. Many new ICTs have emerged with the advent of the Internet, which is increasingly used in the academic and media spheres.
Electronic media have a wide range of effects on the most universal means of social communication: education, religion, leisure, entertainment, etc. These structures, in turn, have a direct or indirect influence on the formation of cultural values. The strength of the impact, the degree of influence on the views, beliefs, behavior of people of the media have no equal in public life. The social power of the media in the modern period is studied in connection with new and newest commu-
nication technologies; the influence of one region on another is being investigated.
The rapid spread of new media has influenced on the socio-cultural environment, changing the living environment of people. Information and communication technologies of XXI century led to a significant modification of the Internet, mobile telephony, which has strengthened their interactivity, engaging consumers directly in the cultural space. Contemporary cultural content is distributed through various media channels, which are characterized by a particular way of media production, migration of genres, formats, convergence, and the specifics of perception and consumption. Sometimes, this socio-cultural content is created not only by professional media, but the blogosphere, civil (public) journalism. The audience becomes complicit in cultural production, supplementing professional media field through efficiency, accessibility, interactivity, blurring the boundaries between production and consumption, between work and free time, between amateur and professional sphere.
National tendencies
Kazakhstan, to keep pace with the times, is aimed to follow the path of globalization of the world economy through industrial-innovation economy, economy of knowledge. A primary step in this direction is the Strategy of Development of the Republic "Kazakhstan-2050". The state programs of Kazakhstan, such as: "Information Kazakhstan-2020", "Digital Kazakhstan", the program on development of a national information infrastructure, and others promote working out of a new communication policy of Kazakhstan taking into account development new IT, the newest media in Republic.
The top priority for Kazakhstan is the country's transition to digital broadcasting by 2020, due to global trends - the International Telecommunication Union in the framework of agreement "Geneva 2006" transitional period (2007-2015.) for the introduction of digital broadcasting. The State Program of development of digital broadcasting in the RK for 2008-2015 years was created in Kazakhstan. The transition to digital broadcasting in Kazakhstan by 2020 made it necessary to understand the technological, social, economic, and most importantly, cultural and information processes in Kazakhstan.
The key direction of the forthcoming stage of the republic's development will be the creation of a number of high-tech industries in the priority sectors of the country. Currently, state programs are being implemented: "Electronic Government", "Information Kazakhstan-2020", "Digital Kazakhstan".
In the program "Information Kazakhstan 2020" it is planned "by 2020 to increase the volume of television production of Kazakhstan production to 60% of the total airtime. The number of Internet sites in.kz and.kaz domains should
increase by 50% compared to 2012, the number of Internet media will make up 95% of their total number [1].
The country has developed the State Program "Digital Kazakhstan", its main goal is the progressive development of the digital ecosystem to meet the challenges of sustainable economic growth and enhance the country's competitiveness in the international arena. In the course of the implementation of this program, "Digital Kazakhstan is expected to make the following changes: the share of Internet users in 1981 will be 81%, the level of digital literacy of the population in 1981 is 81.5%, the growth of labor productivity in ICT in 2021 is 5.9%; the number of employed people in the ICT industry in the year 2021 is 110 thousand people, the share of state services received electronically from the total volume of public services will be 80%. [2] The main leitmotif of this program is the need for the development of a digital economy in Kazakhstan using global network of economic and social activities carried out through the Internet, mobile and social networks.
The rate of growth of a new communication mass media show how great the demand for information services. The cellular market is actively developing in the country, more 32 million users of mobile telephony (the population of Kazakhstan - more 18 million). There is a rapid growth of Internet
users in Kazakhstan. At the beginning of 2018 there were 13 million Internet users in Kazakhstan. By the number of Internet users in 2017, Kazakhstan ranked 36-th out of 137 countries. The number of Internet users in 2017 was 77% of the population [3; 2].
Conclusion
Modernization of a number of countries and regions can be successful in maintaining its identity in the society under economic globalization and communication with the active development of new information technologies and new communication media. The priorities in the development of information society in Kazakhstan have changed under the rapid introduction of new information technologies. It is important here to consider national identity, cultural identity of a society, the specifics of the telecommunication development in the country in an era of globalization and digitalization.
The information industry is entering a new quantitative and qualitative level, affecting not only companies but also countries, regions; it determines the ability to survive in the competitive high-tech world of the XXI century. Mass communication, new media of Kazakhstan the first that respond to the challenge of time, they change their policies, seeking to meet the new increased requirements.
References:
1. Kazinform, November 27, 2012.
2. State program "Digital Kazakhstan-2020". URL:https://zerde.gov.kz/activity/management-programs/digitalkazakhstan /#hcq=CVIYxFq
3. Davydova O. Growth Indicators // Liter, February 17, 2018.
