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УДК: 582.794.2:631.526.32 DOI: 10.36305/2019-2-151-144-154
NEW IVY CULTIVARS - FIRST FROM RUSSIA AND SPAIN Andriy Vasilyevich Yena1, Inaki Garmendia Ginea2
1 Academy of Bioresources and Life Management, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol 295000, Republic of Crimea, Simferopol, Agrarnoye E-mail: an.yena@gmail.com
2 Berroa Garden, Uharte 31004 Uharte, Navarre, Spain E-mail: duinakig@hotmail.com
This article shows progress in the selection of Hederá cultivars. Seventeen new ivy cultivars are described in detail, comparing them to existing similar cultivars. They are 'Andreas', 'Bizar', 'Darth Vader', 'Ederalai', 'Eny', 'Frisé', 'Hulk', Trina', 'Konstantin Efetov', 'Laurence', 'Nabar-Nabar', 'Nilita', 'Papa Yena', 'Petrovich', 'Sasha', 'Troll Panache' and 'Yarik'. Among them, fifteen are cultivars of H. helix and two are cultivars of H. maroccana. Thirteen were selected by first author and four by the second author. It should be emphasized that there have only been three cultivars of H. maroccana known until now. The cultivars described are the result of the authors' investigation and collaboration during last decade. These unusual and promising sports were found in the wild, in parks, collections and trade and were further examined of their distinctness, uniformity and stability. With this, Russia and Spain have joined the group of countries known for the selection of ivy cultivars.
Keywords: Hederá; sport; cultivar
Introduction
Every year several new cultivars of Hederá L. make their appearance in collections and trade. Centers of ivy selection are USA, Great Britain, Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands, a few cultivars are known from Hungary, France, Poland and Japan. Until recently, there have been no ivy cultivars selected in Russia and Spain. As a result of investigation and collaboration during last decade, authors pioneered in obtaining first ivy cultivars in these countries.
The early descriptions of all cultivars mentioned below were placed in Open Registration of Cultivars (OROC), a project established by L. C. Hatch (Hatch, 2015). Meanwhile, in accordance with Art. 25.1 of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (Brickell, 2016), publication of the name of the new cultivar is effected only by distribution of printed material. So we implement this rule with making this publication.
Material and methods
The object of our investigation are vegetative mutations (sports) and cultivars of ivy. Authors followed traditional methods accepted by those who deal with plant selection (General introduction.., 2002) in specific regard to ivy (Ена, Улейская, 2015). We found and selected the most unusual and promising sports of ivy plants found in the wild, parks, collections and trade. These selections were collected, rooted, planted out and examined of their distinctness, uniformity and stability. We compared the clones with existing cultivars using a wide set of data taken from living and herbarium collections, the most complete monograph (McAllister, Marshall, 2017) and web resources (Hatch, 2010; Informationen.., 2018) while sharing our own experiences. Depending on the specifics of the mutation, a sport
was stabilized within a period 1—5 years and then can be described as a new cultivar. To describing the cultivars, the authors followed classic terms of plant morphology. Classification of ivy cultivars follows S. Pierot (Pierot, 1995) with some modifications. Leaf dimensions are shown as long x wide in cm. All cultivars described by A. Yena were recognized and observed in his private collection "Hederena", Simferopol, Crimea. Cultivars described by I. Garmendia were recognized and observed in various places. Both authors grow their plants outdoor.
The following cultivar names with descriptions are arranged alphabetically. All photographs made by authors.
Results and discussion
'Andreas' (fig. 1). Hedera helix L. Discovered by A. V. Yena in 2015 as a sport of 'Masquerade', in his private collection. Ivy-Ivies group; variegated, not self-branching, fast growing ivy. Leaves of wild H. helix shape, slightly waved, deeply palmately (five-) lobed with central lobe curved down, 7 x 6 cm (average). Leaf base heart shaped, leaf apex acute. Leaf color dark green with a central blotch of yellowish green above, evenly paler below. Andreas' differs from similar 'Nugget', 'Peter' and' Serenade' in its deeply lobed 3D, not flat leaf blade (namely slightly waved blade with central lobe curved down), and bigger size of leaf blade and fast growing stems. 'Andreas' differs from similar 'Laurence' with palmately (five-) lobed leaf blade with central lobe curved down. The last character is better pronounced in plants growing indoors; when outdoors, the central lobes can be straight in fast growing stems but curved down again in slow growing stems. The yellowish green blotches are not stable in some leaves. No reversions to date. In OROC, 'Andreas' was given the registration number HEDE009 The cultivar is named for the ex-head of the German Ivy Society Andreas Honemann in recognition of his outstanding achievements in study of ivy cultivars.
'Bizar' (fig. 3). H. helix. Discovered by Inalci Garmendia Ginea in 2013 as a sport of 'Triton' found in his private collection. Bird's Foot Ivies group; self-branching, slow growing ivy. Leaves 4 x 2 cm (average), palmate, deeply incised into very narrow-linear, forward pointing lobes often becoming tubular because the leaf margins roll upwards. Leaf base narrow cuneate, leaf apex attenuate. Leaf color grayish green. 'Bizar' differs from similar 'Iantha' in its leaves 5- not 3-lobed, not hairy, not flat and with longer lobes and petioles, not tuft-like and not miniature. The cultivar is prone to reversion. In OROC, 'Bizar' was given the registration number HEDE014 A short description of this cultivar was placed in the e-newsletter of the German Ivy Society (Honemann, 2015a). "Bizar" means "beard" in Basque.
'Darth Vader' (fig. 2). H. helix. Discovered by A. V. Yena and Yaroslav A. Yena in 2015 as a sport of the plant derived from the forest in Crimean Mountains, Crimean Republic, RF. Heart-shapes ivy group; moderately self-branching, fast growing ivy. Leaves slightly undulating, triangular-egg-like with wide central lobe, usually 3 x 3 cm (indoor), 4 x 4 cm (outdoor creeping), 5 x 5 cm (outdoor climbing). Leaf base heart shaped, leaf apex obtuse. Leaves with pale green venation, noticeable dark-green above, very glossy with very rare pure-white spots or sectors; paler below and less lustrous. Some fast-growing branches can produce a few five-lobed leaves. More resistant to Xanthomonas hortorum pv. hederae compared to other cultivars. 'Darth Vader' differs from similar 'Magic' (both very glossy and with pale green veins) in its leaf shape (triangular-egg-like, not five-lobed), and its leaf blade margin (slightly undulating, not flat); leaf color (dark green, not green). In OROC, 'Darth Vader' was given the registration number HEDE012. The cultivar is named for Darth Vader, one of the most iconic fictional character in the Star Wars, the leaf shape and gloss resembling his helmet in outline.
'Ederalai' (fig. 4). H. maroccana McAll. Discovered by Inaki Garmendia Ginea in 2017 as a sport of 'Spanish Canary' found in a public garden in Aretxabaleta village,
Gipuzkoa province, Spain. Ivy-Ivies group; variegated, not self-branching, fast growing ivy. Leaves 8 x 8 cm (average), palmate, 3-5 lobed. Leaf base cordate, leaf apex acute. Leaf color dark green in the center with broad yellow margins that fade to uneven lime, with distinct bright venation; such a coloration has been stable. 'Ederalai' differs from similarly variegated 'Flashback' (H. helix) in the uneven, not even, coloration of the margins and its much bigger leaves; from 'Neon' (H.. marocccina) it differs in its two-colored, not monochrome leaves that don't fade to dark green. In OROC, 'Ederalai' was given the registration number HEDE016. Resistant to sun scorching. The name "Ederalai" consists of the two Basque words: "eder" and "alai" which mean "beautiful & lively coloured".
Fig. 1 H. helix 'Andreas' Fig. 2 H. helix 'Darth Vader'
Fig. 3 H. helix 'Bizar'
'Eny' (fig. 5). H. helix. Discovered by A. V. Yena in 2011 as a sport of 'Minty', in his private collection. Heart-shapes ivy group; variegated, moderately self-branching, slow growing ivy. Leaves narrow cordate to cordate, 4 x 3 cm (average). Leaf base heart shaped, leaf apex rounded. The leaves have irregular light green or limey margins and pale (gray) green centers mottled white. Stems and petioles are red. 'Eny' can be compared at least with three cultivars: 'Eileen', 'Eugen Hahn' and 'Bruder Ingobert'. 'Eny' differs from similar 'Eileen' in its flatter, narrower and strictly cordate leaves (not so wavy, wide, typically five-lobed or reniform as in 'Eileen'), with gray-green spots and zones on the leaves together with white spots and smears, never with faint reddish tints (leaves of 'Eileen' spotted white or creamy with faint reddish tints). Leaves of 'Eny' are never colored dark-green or produce acute lateral lobes as in 'Eugen Hahn'. Rarely, similar narrowly cordate leaves can be produced by 'Bruder Ingobert' but typically its leaves 3-5 lobed, dark green, less white spotted and much more gray-green zoned. From time to time 'Eny' shows reversions and 'Limey'- and 'Eileen'-like leaves. In OROC, Eny' was given the registration number HEDE004; the cultivar is shortly described in the e-newsletter of the German Ivy Society (Honemann, 2015b) and in the monograph "Hedera. The complete guide" (McAllister, Mashall, 2017). Eny is a pseudonym of the painter Irina Igorevna Yena, the wife of originator's brother.
Fig. 4 H. maroccana 'Ederalai' Fig. 5 H. helix 'Eny'
'Frisé' (fig. 6). H. helix. Discovered by Iñaki Garmendia Ginea in 2005 as a sport of 'Ivalace' found among plants in the trade. Curlies ivy group; not self-branching, moderately slow growing curly ivy. Leaves 4 x 4 cm (average), leaf blade concave, rounded in outline, shallowly three to five lobed or nearly unlobed, the margin dramatically undulate and highly crimped and crisped. Leaf base cordate, leaf apex rounded. Leaf color glossy dark green; in autumn and winter abaxial side of the leaf blade takes on a mauve coloration. 'Frisé' differs from both similar 'Parsley Crested' and 'Melanie' in its distinctly concave and very glossy
leaves. More compact than 'Parsley crested' and bigger than 'Ivalace'. 'Frisé' can produce fasciated stems, petioles and leaves. Exposure to sun enhances frilling leaves. In OROC, 'Frisé' was given the registration number HEDE017 "Frisé" means "curly" in French.
'Hulk' (fig. 7). H. helix. Discovered by A. V. Yena and Yaroslav A. Yena in 2015 as a sport of 'Green Ingot', in his private collection. Fans ivy group; self-branching, slow growing ivy. Leaves always asymmetric, obcordate, reniform or wide egg-like, convex, puckered, with irregular veining, 3 x 4 cm (average). Leaf base often heart shaped, slightly flowing into the petiole, leaf apex rounded, emarginated or sinuate. Leaf color bright green above, paler below. 'Hulk differs from 'Green Ingot' or similar 'Knülch' in its asymmetric, puckered and irregular leaves, the width exceeding length, and especially in its irregular veining; its leaf blades are not so pronouncedly convex as in 'Knülch'; its leaves are not so big, concave or fleshy as 'Road Toad'. 'Hulk' is one of few cultivars with highly irregular leaf shape (others variegared like 'Jubilee', 'Surprise', 'Paper Doll' etc.). Some branches prone to reversion. In OROC, 'Hulk' was given the registration number HEDE020 The cultivar is named for one of the most famous fictional character, Hulk, its leaves resembling his green veined skin.
Fig. 6 H. helix 'Frisé' Fig. 7 H. helix 'Hulk'
'Irina' (fig. 8). H. helix. Discovered by A. V. Yena in 2017 as a sport of 'Feenfinger', in his private collection. Bird's Foot Ivies group; variegated, miniature, compact, self-branching, very slow growing ivy. Leaves are 4 x 3 cm (average), bird foot shaped or star-like deeply incised with 3-5 narrow linear often falcate lobes, dark green with narrow white margin, sometimes basal lobes fully white. Leaf base truncate, leaf apex acute. This is the only variegated cultivar among bird-foot ivies with narrow and linear lobes ('Irish Lace', 'Tres Coupe', 'Kónigers Auslese' etc.). No reversions to date. In OROC, 'Irina' was given the registration number HEDE019.The cultivar is named for Irina I. Yena, the wife of originator's brother.
'Konstantin Efetov' (fig. 9). H. helix. Discovered by A. V. Yena in 2014 as a sport of 'Surprize', in his private collection. Bird's Foot Ivies group; variegated, miniature, moderately self-branching, slow growing ivy. An inherent attribute of this cultivar is heterophylly: lanceolate leaves alternate with three-lobed bird foot ones that have small lateral lobes. The average size is 3,5 x 1,5 cm (lanceolate leaves) and 3,5 x 2,5 (3-lobed leaves). Leaf base cuneate or truncate, leaf apex rounded. All the leaves are yellow-golden above and below but turn light green with age. 'Konstantin Efetov' differs from similar cultivars 'Limey' and 'Jake' in the distinctly yellow, not limey color of the leaves, that only later turns light green and in its lanceolate, not cordate leaf blade. 'Konstantin Efetov' never has 5-lobed leaves, the 3-lobed leaves have narrow, not wide blades with much longer central lobes (2/3 or 3/4, not 1/2 of leaf length); the leaf bases are cuneate, never cordate, the leaves have less pronounced vein netting and are slightly glossy, not matt. This is the only "golden" ivy with lanceolate leaves. No reversions to date. In OROC, 'Konstantin Efetov' was given the registration number HEDE010; description has misprint in the cultivar name there. The cultivar is named for a good friend of originator's family Konstantin Aleksandrovich Efetov, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor at the Crimean Federal University.
Fig. 8 H. helix 'Irina' Fig. 9 H. helix 'Konstantin Efetov'
'Laurence' (fig. 10). H. helix. Discovered by A. V. Yena in 2017 as a sport of 'Snow Cap', in his private collection. Heart-shapes ivy group; variegated, not self-branching, fast growing ivy. Leaves three-angular or heart-shaped, shallowly lobed with essentially longer and wider central lobe. Leaf blade remarkable slightly chute-shape and pronouncedly undulating, 7 x 6 cm (average), dark green with central blotch of yellowish green above, evenly paler below. Leaf base heart shaped, leaf apex obtuse or acute. 'Laurence' differs from similar cultivars 'Nugget', 'Peter' and' Serenade' in its 3D, not flat leaf blade, the noticeably bigger size of three-lobed, never five-lobed leaves with considerably larger and wider central lobes; its leaves have a constant heart-like shape and a more stable central yellowish green blotch on them. No reversions to date. In OROC, 'Laurence' was given the registration
number HEDE011. The cultivar is named for Laurence C. Hatch, Director of New Ornamentals Society (USA) in recognition of his outstanding achievements in horticulture and especially in the study of ivy cultivars.
'Nabar-Nabar' (fig. 11). H. maroccana McAll. Discovered by Iñaki Garmendia Ginea in 2000 as a sport of 'Spanish Canary' found in a private garden in Antsoain village, Navarre province, Spain. Ivy-Ivies group; variegated, not self-branching, fast growing ivy. Leaves 8 x 8 cm (average), palmate, 3-5 lobed. Leaf base cordate, leaf apex acute. Leaf color green with white irregular tracery, or dark green hatches and freckles over a white background. 'Nabar-Nabar' differs from similar in its variegation 'Roña' (H. hibernica) with narrower lobes, with having white, not yellowish spots and with stable general type of variegation in all leaves, not in several ones as in 'Rona'; from 'Fantasia' (H. helix) 'Nabar-Nabar' differs with bigger leaves and no producing fully green leaves in the shade (with taking into account all species specific traits). This is the only cultivar of H. maroccana with spotted leaves. No reversions to date. In spring first leaves develop with not so showy variegation. In OROC, 'Nabar-Nabar' was given the registration number HEDE015; shortly described in the e-newsletter of the German Ivy Society (Hónemann, 2015a). "Nabar-Nabar" means "very variegated" in Basque.
Fig. 10 H. helix 'Laurence' Fig. 11 H. maroccana 'Nabar-Nabar'
'Nilita' (fig. 12). H. helix. Discovered by A. V. Yena in 2010 as a sport of'Surprise', in his private collection. Ivy-Ivies group; variegated, self-branching, slow growing ivy. Leaves strongly symmetrical, palmately five-lobed, star-shaped, entire, blade very flat, terminal lobe dominant, 4,5 x 4,5 cm (average). Leaf base deeply cordate, leaf apex subacute. Leaf color goldish-yellow to greenish-yellow, later becoming more light green to ivory depending on light and temperature conditions. Stems red to reddish-violet or tinged so. Compared with 'Nilita', the similar 'Renton Gold' has more greenish, not gold color, its leaves are not star-shaped and have slightly undulate, not flat margins, and rounded, not subacute apices, and reddish-green, not red stems. In 'Nilita' the leaf sinuses are more shallow, the
lobes are more narrow, less undulate, more tender in color and far less leathery than the similar 'Buttercup'. No reversions to date. In OROC, 'Nilita' was given the registration number HEDE001; the cultivar is shortly described in the e-newsletter of the German Ivy Society (Honemann, 2015b) and in the monograph "Hedera. The complete guide" (McAllister, Marshall, 2017) (there is misprint in its name there). The cultivar is named in the memory of originator's mother Nila Mikhailovna Yena.
'Papa Yena' (fig. 13). H. helix. Discovered by A. V. Yena in 2011 as a sport of'Mona Lisa', in his private collection. Ivy-Ivies group; variegated, moderately self-branching, fast growing ivy. Leaves flat, strongly symmetrical, palmately five-lobed, star-shaped due to the almost equal angles between the primary veins, entire, 5 x 5 cm (average). Leaf base cordate with basal lobes often overlapping, leaf apex subacute. Leaf color medium green with strongly irregular stable variegation including segments of light green or yellowish-cream, in addition mottled yellowish-cream at about 35-50% surface, often also partly creamy margined. The young leaves are evenly light green and variegated zones appear with age. The most similar variegation can be observed in 'Harlequin' of H. hibernica. 'Papa Yena' also differs from similar cultivars of H. helix, 'Avon' or 'Pittsburgh Variegated', that have all equal lobes, presence of marginal chimera wide zoned, not dotted variegation. In the open ground, some shoots can bear fully green leaves, while some bear fully yellowish-cream leaves. No reversions to date but produces new rather stable sports, and fully green-leaved shoots that should be removed. In OROC, 'Papa Yena' was given the registration number HEDE003; the cultivar is shortly described in the e-newsletter of the German Ivy Society (Yena, 2015) and in the monograph "Hedera. The complete guide" (McAllister, Marshall, 2017). The cultivar is named for Prof. Vasiliy Georgiyevich Yena, the originator's father.
'Petrovich' (fig. 14). H. helix. Discovered by A. V. Yena in 2014 as a sport of 'Minty', in his private collection. Heart-shapes ivy group; variegated, moderately self-branching, rather slow growing ivy. Regular heart-shaped leaves are flat, 5,5 x 5,5 cm (average). Leaf base heart shaped, leaf apex obtuse. Leaf color limey green with yellowish-white central blotch. 'Petrovich' differs from similar 'Limey' in the more constant heart shape of leaves and especially with central yellowish-white blotch on them. Sometimes the blotch can be absent on some leaves on the same growing shoot. In OROC, 'Petrovich' was given the registration number HEDE013. The cultivar is named for Yuriy Petrovich Bobronnikov, a good friend of the originator's family.
'Sasha' (fig. 15). H. helix. Discovered by A. V. Yena in 1984 as a sport of 'Cavendishii' that is represented as few feral plants in Nikitsky Botanical Garden, Yalta, Crimean Republic, RF. Ivy-Ivies group; variegated, moderately self-branching, fast growing ivy. Leaves slightly convex, strongly symmetrical, palmately five or three lobed, entire, 4x4 cm, with shallow sinuses. Leaf base slightly cordate to truncate, leaf apex subacute. Leaf color dark green with yellow main veins and the central yellowish green blotch that mottled simultaneously with yellow, light and dark green and even white. This central blotch often reaches the tip of terminal lobe and is very stable, doesn't darken with age or depending on light conditions. Among all yellowish centered cultivars of H. helix, 'Sasha' is the only unevenly colored and hatched with white. 'Sasha' also differs from similar 'Peter' in its wide triangular and slightly longer terminal lobe (not narrowly triangular and noticeably longer terminal lobe as in 'Peter') and from 'Serenade' (which is very close to 'Nugget') in its much brighter, uneven and color-stable central spot. No reversions to date but produces new sports. In OROC, 'Sasha' was given the registration number HEDE005; shortly described in the e-newsletter of the German Ivy Society (Honemann, 2015b). The cultivar is named for originator's brother, Aleksandr Vasilyevich Yena.
Fig. 12 H. helix 'Nilita' Fig. 13 H. helix 'Papa Yena'
'Troll Panaché' (fig. 16). H. helix. Discovered by Inaki Garmendia Ginea in 2004 as a sport of 'Troll' found in his own collection. Bird's Foot Ivies group; variegated, miniature, self-branching, slow growing ivy. Leaves 5 x 5 cm (average), ripple-like, i.e. deeply palmately incised into 5 long lanceolate, sometimes falcate and contorted and twisted lobes with undulate margins and edges slightly rolled downwards. Leaf base taincate to cuneate, leaf apex attenuate. Leaf color stable, green with cream tracery, hatches and freckles that fade to grayish. 'Troll Panaché' differs from similar 'Spectre' and 'Kaleidoscope' in its leaves that are dissected to the petiole and in its more miniature and disheveled habit and also in its type of variegation. In OROC, 'Troll Panaché' was given the registration number HEDE018. The name of the cultivar is the French for "Troll variegated".
'Yarik' (fig. 17). H. helix. Discovered by Yaroslav A. Yena and A. V. Yena in 2014 as a sport of'Anke'. Bird's Foot Ivies group; miniature, self-branching, medium growing ivy. Leaves on short stems 2,5 x 1,0 cm (average), lanceolate to narrowly three-lobed, lateral lobes 1-2, very small, often reduced to protrusions or wide undulations of the margin. Leaf base cuneate to truncate, leaf apex obtuse. Leaf color dark green. 'Yarik' differs from similar 'Arguta' in its deep green, not bright green leaf color, its more greenish, not whitish veins, its ribbed midrib and more rounded apex; from 'Spear Point' it differs in its rounded, not acute leaf apex and teeth; from 'Blue Moon' in the absence of bluish tint to the leaves; it also differs from all the mentioned cultivars in the more leathery, rigid consistency of its leaves that are without pronounced secondary veins. No reversions to date but in open ground 'Yarik' can produce long, fast growing stems with larger leaves, 3x2 cm, triangular, with slightly cordate bases, or even 5x4 cm, four or five lobed. More resistant to Xanthomonas hortorum pv. hederae in comparison to other cultivars. In OROC, 'Yarik' was given the registration number HEDE002; the cultivar is shortly described in the e-newsletter of the German Ivy Society (Honemann, 2015b) and in the monograph "Hedera. The complete guide" (McAllister, Marshall, 2017). The cultivar is named for Yaroslav Andreyevich Yena, originator's nefew.
Fig. 16 H. helix 'Troll Panache' Fig. 17 H. helix Yarilt'
Conclusions
Seventeen new cultivars of Hedera are described here, among them fifteen of H. helix and two of H. maroccana, including thirteen selected by first author and four by the second author. Many of the new cultivars are unique in their traits. It should be emphasized that there have only been three cultivars of H. maroccana known until now. Due to considerable progress in the investigation of Hedera sports, Russia and Spain have joined the group of countries known for the selection of ivy cultivars.
Acknowledgements
The authors are very grateful to Laurence C. Hatch, Andreas Honemann for their encouraging, advice and support, and to Rosalyn Marshall for editing English text.
Литература / References
Ена A.B., Улейская Л.И. Специфика и классификация сортов плюща обыкновенного (Hederá helix L.) // Бюллетень Главного ботанического сада. 2015. № 3. С. 45-47.
[Yeпа А. V., Uleyskaya L.I. Specificity and classification of cultivars of common ivy (Hederá helix L.) // Bulletin of the Main Botanical Gardens. 2015. № 3. P. 45 - 47]
Brickell C.D. et al. (eds). International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants. Ninth edition // Scripta Horticulturae. 2016. № 18. xvii + 190 p.
General introduction to the examination of distinctness, uniformity and stability and the development of harmonized descriptions of new varieties of plants. - International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants. Geneva, 2002. 26 p.
Hatch L.C. The IvyFile. Cultivar.org. New Ornamentals Society, Raleigh, North Carolina. 2010 onwards, www.cultivar.org. Accessed 13.01.2011.
Hatch L.C. (editor). Open Registration of Cultivars (OROC). 2015 onwards. www.cultivar.org. Accessed 05.10.2019.
Hönemann A. Grüße aus dem Baskenland //Hederá Periodicum. 2015a. № 3. S. 1-5. Hönemann A. Krim-Bonus - Weitere Mutationen aus der Efeu-Schatztruhe von Andriy Yena//Hederá Periodicum. 2015b. № 5. S. 1-4.
Informationen der Deutschen Efeu-gesell schaft e.V. http://efeu-ev.org/. Accessed 08.02.2018.
McAllister H, MarshallR. Hederá. The complete guide. London: RHS, 2017. 430 p. Pierot S. W. The Ivy Book. The Growing and Care of Ivy. New York: Garden by the Stream, 1995. 184 p.
Yena A. Beginn einer Metamorphose / Überzetzung A. Hönemann II Hederá Periodicum. 2015. № 4. S. 6-8.
Статья поступила в редакцию 21.10.2019 г.
Ена A.B., Гармендиа Гинеа И. Новые сорта плюща - впервые из России и Испании // Plant Biology and Horticulture: theory, innovation. 2019. № 2(151). C. 144-154.
Статья демонстрирует дальнейший прогресс в селекции сортов р. Hederá. В сопоставлении с существующими похожими сортами детально описаны семнадцать новых сортов плюща: 'Andreas', 'Bizar', 'Darth Vader', 'Ederalai', 'Eny', 'Frisé', 'Hulk', 'Irina', 'Konstantin Efetov', 'Laurence', 'Nabar-Nabar', 'Nilita', 'Papa Yena', 'Petrovich', 'Sasha', 'Troll Panaché', 'Yarik'. Из них пятнадцать сортов относятся к Н. helix., а два -к Н. тагоссапа, причём тринадцать выведены первым автором, а четыре - вторым. Следует отметить, что до сих пор было известно только три сорта Н. тагоссапа. Приведённые здесь сорта являются результатом десятилетних исследований и сотрудничества авторов и отобраны из необычных и перспективных спортов, найденных в дикой природе, парках, коллекциях и в торговой сети. В последующем они были испытаны на соответствие критериям отличия, однородности и стабильности. Благодаря данной работе Россия и Испания вошли в круг стран, в которых ведётся селекция плюща. Ключевые слова: Hederá; спорт; сорт
