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SJIF 2023 = 6.131 / ASI Factor = 1.7
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NATIONAL-LINGUISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS WITH TOPONYM COMPONENTS
Makhmudova Umida Ural kizi
Senior teacher, PhD Karshi state university, umida921010@gmail.com Ganiyeva Makhliyo Norboyevna
Master student of Karshi state university j aniyevfarrux8@gmail .com
ANNOTATION
Modern world linguistics is characterized by an anthropocentric and interdisciplinary approach to language units. It is important to pay attention to the study of the functional aspects of the language in society and the life of different peoples, its linguistic, linguocultural and sociolinguistic issues. This article is about toponymic phraseological units in English and Uzbek languages.
Key words: toponym, phraseological unit, cognitive linguistics, discourse.
Hozirgi jahon tilshunosligi til birliklariga antropotsentrik va fanlararo yondashuv bilan ajralib turadi. Tilning jamiyat va turli xalqlar hayotidagi funksional jihatlarini, uning lingvistik, lingvomadaniy va sotsiolingvistik masalalarini o'rganishga e'tibor qaratish zarur. Ushbu maqola ingliz va o'zbek tillaridagi toponimikfrazeologik birliklar haqida so 'z yuritadi.
Kalit so'zlar: toponim, frazeologik birlik, kognitiv lingvistika, nutq.
INTRODUCTION
Many modern studies carried out in the field of linguistics in the world are focused on studying the linguocognitive features of language units. The toponymic layer of the lexicon is present in all languages and represents a complex, multifaceted and multifaceted linguistic phenomenon. Studying it helps to determine to a certain extent the universal and national-cultural peculiarities of perception, conceptualization and categorization of the surrounding world by representatives of different linguistic cultures. It should be noted that, despite its great importance, the linguistic aspect of toponymy has been little studied, so the relevance of this research is explained by the fact that an attempt was made to study toponyms on a comparative level from the point of view of cognitive linguistics and linguoculturology derived from it.
ANNOTATSIYA
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SJIF 2023 = 6.131 / ASI Factor = 1.7
3(1/2), Jan., 2023
In Uzbek linguistics, the problem of linguistic characteristics of various language units is the focus of many researchers. In this case, comparative studies are also of particular importance. Their importance requires the comparative study of language units, in particular, toponyms, which are an integral part of language and every ethnic culture, the need to identify and reveal the universal and differential signs of perception, understanding, conceptualization and categorization of the surrounding world. In addition, the comparative study of the linguistic characteristics of language units, in particular, toponyms, creates a basis for improving the communicative and socio-cultural competences of foreign language learners, training highly qualified national personnel.
LITERATURE REVIEW
This research serves to a certain extent in the implementation of tasks defined in other regulatory legal documents. Studies on general and specific problems of toponymy A. Bach, H. Walter, T. Vitkovsky, E. Schwartz, R. Fisher, E. Eichler, V. A. Juchkevich, A. Kamalov, S. Koraev, E. Begmatov, E. .Murzaev, T. Nafasov, V. Nikonov, N. Podolskaya, G. Tomakhin, A. Superanskaya. At this point, A. Shcherbak's study, which examines the cognitive bases of regional onomastics and types of onomastic knowledge, is of particular importance. Most studies on toponymics (G. Kaufman, E. Fleisher, H. Khasanov, E. Begmatov, S. Koraev, T. Nafasov, Z. Dosimov, S. Nayimov, T. Ernazarov)[1] were mainly carried out within the framework of one language. dedicated to the study of the origin of toponyms and the problems of their structural, semantic, grammatical, word formation, and stylistic peculiarities. It should be noted that the studies devoted to the comparative study of toponyms based on the material of different languages are much less compared to the work carried out within the framework of one language. For example, toponyms and their derivatives were considered by R.Khisametdinova within the framework of English and Russian languages, structural-semantic peculiarities of English and Bashkir toponyms were studied in the study of L.Kunakhujina, toponyms by L.Davletkulov, V.Legenkina, T.Peredreeva, E.Sizovalar [2] linguistic and cultural analysis of English, Russian, English, and French languages was carried out.
In Uzbek linguistics, the problem of national-linguistic characteristics of various language units is the focus of many researchers. In this case, comparative studies are also of particular importance. Their importance requires the comparative study of language units, in particular, toponyms, which are an integral part of language and every ethnic culture, the need to identify and reveal the universal and differential signs of perception, understanding, conceptualization and categorization of the surrounding world. In addition, the comparative study of the linguocognitive
o
SJIF 2023 = 6.131 / ASI Factor = 1.7
3(1/2), Jan., 2023
characteristics of language units, in particular, toponyms, creates a basis for improving the communicative and socio-cultural competences of foreign language learners, training highly qualified national personnel. This article aims to determine the national-linguistic peculiarities of toponyms and their structural, semantic and etymological properties and their conceptual importance in the realization of different types of knowledge structures.
DISCUSSION
Toponyms obey the laws of the language, as they are components of its vocabulary and form a significant proportion onomastic lexical fund. It should be noted the following characteristic features of toponyms:
1) internationality, because toponyms come from different languages, are borrowed on a large scale and distributed along with the resettlement of the people;
2) relationship with each other, as well as with other classes of names
own (onomastic continuum or nominal continuity);
3) existence in a series of other names: the law of a series (when analyzing
geographical name, it is necessary to look for the links that led to name (Minsk,
Smolensk - cities);
4) comparability; For example, Beijing (bei - "north", jing - "capital"; "northern
capital"), Nanking (nan - "south"; "southern capital");
5) secondary nature of onomastic nominations;
6) the individuality of each nomination act;
7) especially close connection of the name with the named object;
8) the lack of a direct connection between the name and the concept (carried out through the concept of a named object);
9) lack of connection between the semantic components of the name and the semantic the line of text in which it is used;
10) increased connection of the name with the cultural and historical background, on where it originated.
The main, obligatory function of a toponym is nominative or address. Knowing the toponym that indicates the object, we can determine its location.
On the semantics of the toponym we can speak only if the toponym has at least some, even the smallest, connection with the appellative on the basis of which it is formed. The most easily determined is semantics of microtoponyms - names, very often being a kind of repetition of the stem-appellative.
As can be seen from the examples; Formative nouns without suffixes or word formation changes played the role of toponymic names of cities and districts in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Previously; there were specific rules for the use of specific
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names in geographical names. Today; these rules are largely ignored. This form of name change belongs to Uzbek toponymy; contrary to the previous practice of toponym creation. Such toponyms are linguistically separated; they do not correspond to the Uzbek toponymic system; it is not possible to make adjectives or demons from them. We also pay attention to the forms of these toponyms. Some of them consist of one word; denoting the name or surname of a historical person; cultural figure or artist (Temurmalik, Mukumi, Al-Khorazmi, Uvaisi, Tumaris, Spitamen, etc.); the second consists of two or more words representing a noun; the person's surname and sometimes titles; whose name is reflected in the name of a geographical country (Amir Temur, Alisher Navoi, Khusrav Dehlavi, Islam Karimov, etc.) B. toponyms with -abad and -kand components are traditionally a stem composition pattern in Uzbek toponymy; here -abad (-abad) part means developed; regulated. We will consider the structure of English forms of Uzbek toponyms: Zafarabad; Faizabad; Nurabad; outdated. The core composition of these toponyms reflects the national characteristics of the Uzbek language. The lexeme -kent/-kand, originally from the Sogdian/Avestan language, was previously used to form individual community names: city; village. The names of Tashkent and Samarkand can be an example of this. In modern Tajik; The suffix -istan is used for toponyms denoting the geographical place of residence of different tribes; nations; ethnic groups. This formant is used to form Uzbek toponyms meaning place of residence; known since ancient times: Gulistan (city of flowers); Buston (flower bed); Istaravshan (place of light); Shahristan (town). This formant is part of many country and region names; especially in Central Asia; Persian and related languages were historically used here. For example; Uzbekistan means the country of Uzbeks. Likewise; this morpheme is found in the names of Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; and others.
CONCLUSION
Toponymy is a part of complex linguistic science - onomastics. Its uniqueness is explained by the characteristics of the material studied by it in linguistics, as well as by the greater influence of non-linguistic factors on it than linguistic factors. Toponymy is an interdisciplinary linguistic direction, because in the process of studying toponyms that have a special place in any language system, subjects such as history, geography, cultural studies, and sociology are referred to. In this work, an attempt is made to conduct a multi-faceted comparative study of the toponymic lexicon of the English and Uzbek languages. The study of the toponymy of languages with different structures referred to in the work made it possible to compare how separate components of related systems relate to each other, to compare their
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isomorphic and allomorphic signs in terms of lexical, semantic, linguocultural and linguocognitive peculiarities.
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