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ОСНОВНОЙ РАЗДЕЛ
УДК 339.1:637.5:636.5
Kyryliuk O., PhD, associate professor Associate professor of department of statistics and economic analysis National University of Life and Environmental Sciences
Kyiv, Ukraine
NATIONAL CONDITIONS AND PRIORITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POULTRY INDUSTRY IN UKRAINE
The article highlights the trends in the development of the poultry industry in Ukraine and its importance in the context of the globalization of the food market. The problems and trends in the development of export operations of Ukrainian poultry products are generalized, and the leaders of exporting enterprises are identified. The main trends of the development of the poultry products market in Ukraine and the main factors that influenced on the conjuncture of the global poultry market are disclosed. Analysis of the trends in the development of the domestic market of poultry meat allows us to identify the main problems associated with the expansion of access of Ukrainian poultry enterprises to the world markets, as well as the priority directions for the export of products of Ukrainian producers.
Key words: globalization, food markets, poultry, poultry products, exports, non-tariff methods of market regulation.
In the context of the development of globalization of the national economy, the issues of the further development of the domestic agro-industrial complex and its integration into the world food system are actualized. Enterprises of the poultry industry were one of the first to initiate the development of the world market by sending part of their products to foreign markets. This allowed us to obtain additional resources for the further development of production. Establishment of stable foreign economic relations with a diversified geographic structure contribute to the development of the industry, avoid catastrophic consequences in the event of a crisis in relations with partners. Deepening of international economic integration of poultry enterprises allows supporting diversification of sales markets for domestic poultry products and in the future will act as a measure to prevent the emergence of crisis phenomena in the industry. The formation of a free trade zone with the EU poultry industry confronts new challenges.
Despite the fact that in modern conditions the enterprises of the industry are oriented to the markets of the West, among the countries of the East there are economically advantageous partners with whom prerequisites are being created for creating integration associations at the level of a free trade zone or for concluding preferential trade agreements.
The researches of S. Verbytsky, S. Kvasha, D. Kyryliuk, N. Kopytets are devoted to the problems of strengthening Ukraine's participation in the process of international economic integration [1-4]. The importance of this research is undeniable, and in modern conditions there is a need for more detailed study of the expansion of foreign trade relations of the industry.
The aim of the article is to summarize the main factors that shape the development of the poultry industry in Ukraine, to determine of enterprises that are leaders in the export of poultry meat, and to identify the directions for deepening the international economic integration of domestic poultry.
Among the prerequisites for international economic integration, the proximity of the economic development of the integrating countries is important: their geographical proximity, the existence of common economic interests. Significant motivations for integration are the similarity of indicators of economic development, income, openness of countries for foreign direct investment. International economic integration involves the use of market opportunities, reducing costs for domestic production through increased production, activation of mutually beneficial economic relations.
Investigations, carried out on the production of sale of poultry products by domestic producers showed that in the first 9 months of this year 855 thousand tons of poultry meat was produced in Ukraine, which is on 3% more than in the same period last year. Increase in the rate of production contribute to an increase the export. Domestic enterprises supplied 178,4 thousand tons of poultry meat to foreign markets for $ 213 million, which is on 26% more than last year. At the same time, the priority in the structure of export of products are changing: 34.7 thousand tons were shipped to the CIS markets, and to Asia - 78.93 thousand tons. Ukraine's presence in the European market is also growing. It should be noted that the export of poultry meat to EU markets is limited by quotas, within which domestic enterprises can duty-free deliver only 16 thousand tons of refrigerated meat and 20 thousand tons of frozen meat. For 9 months of the current year 28.6 thousand tons of meat worth $ 53 million were shipped to the EU [1]. The largest importers of domestic products are: the Netherlands (12.64 thousand tons), Romania (3 thousand tons) and Poland (2.4 thousand tons). Studies established that only seven enterprises of the three major producers, which have undergone the necessary certification, can supply meat to the EU. These are the factories "Myronivsky Hliboproduct" (TM "Nasha Ryaba"), "Complex" Agromars "(TM" Gavrilov chickens ") and Poultry complex "Gubin"(TM" Pan Kurchak").
Analysis of the dynamics of exports of products indicates that the European quota for chilled chicken is very small, domestic poultry farmers can easily fill the quota at 100 thousand tons. At the same time quotas for frozen meat are not chosen, because the products are not in demand in European countries. One of the ways to strengthening the presence of domestic poultry products in the markets of EU countries is the opening of poultry farms for processing of products abroad. Thus, among the processors of chicken meat, "Myronivsky Hliboproduct" in the first quarter of 2016, launched a poultry meat processing plant in the Netherlands
in a test mode. Investments in the project amounted to $ 3.5 million. It was assumed that by the end of 2016 the enterprise will reach its full production capacity. "Myronivsky Hliboproduct" is the leader in the supply of poultry meat abroad in general, and in the EU in particular. According to the results of three quarters the enterprise exported 145.21 thousand tons, which is on 44% more than in 2016. Exports to the Middle East increased by 47%, to the EU - by 35%, to Africa - by 4 times. Ukrainian products are successfully sold in the EU market, as well as mastering those markets where European chicken meat is sold: Iraq, the Arab Emirates, African countries. However, one of the obstacles to the integration of domestic enterprises are periodic outbreaks of avian influenza, which allows the EU countries to eliminate a serious competitor by imposing restrictions on the import of poultry from Ukraine.
The conducted researches have shown a number of problems at exporters in the world markets, namely: direct and procedural restrictions. Overcoming of these problems requires different approaches from both the state and exporters. Direct export restrictions are import and export duties and quotas, as well as direct prohibitions on the import and export of goods and services. In modern conditions non-tariff restrictions that come to the forefront in international trade, that is, activities that do not relate to ordinary duties, but which can potentially affect international trade, changing both the volumes of supplies and the prices of goods. At the same time, it is difficult to respond to non-tariff restrictions adequately and quickly, barriers to international trade are palpable.
The main problems faced by domestic exporters of eggs and poultry meat are lack of access to trade finance, inadequate level of production technologies, difficulties in identifying potential markets and buyers, non-conformity of products to international technical requirements and standards, as well as access to imported resources needed for production.
Thus, as a result of the research, the following conclusions can be drawn: in the country there are strong prerequisites for the further development of foreign economic activity by poultry industry enterprises. The conclusion of free trade agreements with the countries of Asia and Africa will allow to increase the export of eggs and poultry meat, consolidate the positions of domestic producers here, create conditions for further diversification of the commodity structure of exports in the direction of increasing the supply of competitive processed products, in particular to Egypt and Saudi Arabia. An increase the share of domestic poultry products in commodity exports will be a positive trend, will further promote the export of goods with a high level of added value. During the global food crisis, the orientation of domestic enterprises on the export of eggs and poultry meat will be an effective factor in strengthening the country's economy and in the long run setting up high-tech industries, introducing the latest technologies to improve quality of products. With the aim of further development of production, it is expedient to create conditions for attracting direct investments from Asian countries, gain access to dynamically developing large markets of Asia and Africa, to create opportunities for increasing the volume and diversifying the structure of
export of poultry products.
References:
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3. Экспорт и импорт продукции аграрного сектора Украины: состояние и тенденции / [Кваша С.М., Власов В.И., Кривенко Н.В. и др.]. - М .: ННЦ ИАЭ, 2013. - 80 с.
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