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MUSIC CULTURE IN QATAR Nasser S.A.
Nasser Sahim Aljassim - Independent Applicant (PhD), STATE CONSERVATORY OF UZBEKISTAN, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article highlights the role of musical culture in shaping people's consciousness. Music is a reflection of the emotions of people, carriers of a certain culture and traditions. The music of Qatar is an integral part of the Arab culture, but has already laid down its own features. Variety of genres, types and forms of Qatari music. Folklore, rituals. Musical instruments, their participation in traditional genres. Modern processes of the musical art of Qatar in the era of globalization.
Keywords: musical culture, tradition, genres, musical instruments, Khalizhi music, ardakh dance, tanbur instruments, tab.
МУЗЫКАЛЬНАЯ КУЛЬТУРА КАТАРА Насер С.А.
Насер Сахим Альджасим - самостоятельный соискатель (PhD), Государственная консерватория Узбекистана, г. Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: в статье освещается роль музыкальной культуры в формировании сознания людей. Музыка -отражение эмоций людей, носителей определенной культуры и традиций. Музыка Катара - составляющая часть арабской культуры, однако уже заложившая свои особенности. Разнообразие жанров, видов и форм катарской музыки. Фольклор, обряды. Музыкальные инструменты, их участие в традиционных жанрах. Современные процессы музыкального искусства Катара в эпоху глобализации.
Ключевые слова: музыкальная культура, традиция, жанры, музыкальные инструменты, музыка Халижи, танец ардах, инструменты танбура, табл.
Introduction
The music culture, in general terms, could be understood as the overall influence that the culture of a person has on the overall music cognition, which involves their emotion recognition, preferences and musical memory. Moreover, the preferences of music are biased toward familiar culturally musical traditions starting in the early age of human life and go when they become adults. Music culture could also be classified or segregated as the emotion of people that depends on the piece of music based on both global structure features and specific culture. In addition, the musical memory capability of an individual is higher for culturally familiar kinds of music as compared to music which is culturally unfamiliar. Music culture is based on the traditional music that connects an individual to the entire socioeconomic background, thereby forming a category in which all things fit adequately (Shuker, 2012). Thereby, within the context of music culture, the presented article is based on determining the music culture in Qatar.
Music Culture in Qatar
The music culture of Qatar is similar to various other Arab nations. Moreover, Qatar has witnessed the overall mixture of their orthodox musical practices with impact from various western nations, which resulted in the Khaleeji music as the preferred and prevalent musical culture or style in the nation. The Khaleeji music typically involves the oud, violins and various other orthodox elements like mrwas and drums tabl, which are featured by the Indian, Iranian and African influences. Thus, because of the extensive appeal of the Khaleeji music, it has been the key of various music enthusiasts in the nation and gained adequate popularity (Regis and Abdallah, 2022). Further, the music culture of the nation is based on the basis of sea folk poetry, dance and song. Even the culture divides music based on the gender within which the male-only music involves sea music, whereas women initially sang work songs related to everyday activities like cooking and wheat grinding. The songs are performed in a collective way in marginal groups, which vary in terms of specificity that involve general themes (Urkevich, 2014).
Fig. 1. Womne wheat grinding
Further, percussion instruments are highly popular within the folk music culture of Qatar. Tall clay-like jars called Galahswas were generally utilised as the musical instrument and tin drinking cups called Tasal or tus were also utilised, commonly in alignment with the tabl, which is a drum hit with the assistance of a stick. However, in the modern contemporary period of time, many of the youth in Qatar are highlighted interested in Western and Eastern modern music and the education in the context of music is diverted towards Arabian classical music and Western classical music. This presented scenario may show the overall cosmopolitan lifestyle of Qatar as well as the nature of the people residing in the region, which directly influences their overall musical culture (Harkness, 2020). However, the significant transformation of Qatar has not tackled the overall traces of the marine and Bedouin culture and the orthodox folk music is happening in the nation, similar to various parts of the nation coming to the Gulf region, especially in events and weddings. Moreover, nationalism that shows continuity as well as history, cultural changes, cultural heritage, ethnicity and its overall music wealth heritage and tradition like the seas songs, art of sounds and the dance form of ardha remain in the sole music culture of Gulf (Qatar Tourism, 2022).
The emergence of music culture was based on poetry similar to various other gulf nations and the culture extensively utilised music as the kind of inspiring at the time of work along with entertainment purposes. The songs at work have been utilised as the kind of inspiration for the people working on ships and ostensibly, the nation's community was extensively dependent on fishing activities as well as other operations within the sea that assisted in maintaining their overall lifestyle (Bahkali, 2018). However, local music artists within the nation are subjected to various varies like high prices of studios, lack of awareness and the deficiency of agents. Therefore, in order to overcome such barriers, it is necessary for the government and associated stakeholders of the nation to take forwards steps in maintaining the music culture through its promotion and overcoming the above-mentioned barriers for the people of the nation. One of the critical steps by the government included forming a subsidiary company in order to serve the overall music culture by offering classes to 20 aspiring people seeking to learn music.
Besides, each nation carries its musical culture as per its specific region and the nations in the middle-East are not distinct in their own melodies. The culture of music in Qatar is impacted by the neighbouring nations as well as strongly highlights music from anywhere in the overall Arabian Gulf. The culture of music emerges from Arabic poetry and Bedouin music, dance and song. Moreover, in the current period of time, Qatar still considers listening to Khaliji music that is highly played in the orthodox style or kind of the overall Bedouin music. In addition, traditional dance forms could still be detected in the capital city of Qatar; such dance form is known as ardah, which is performed by dancers by forming two rows and accompanied by a large drum, cymbals, and tambourine and oud along with the flute. One more form of dance is called "Fann al tanbura", in which both women and men dance together and is highlighted as a spiritual dance and music ritual (Marhaba, 2015).
Fig. 2. Fann al tanbura
Further, traditional music could generally be heard at the Souq Waqif, in which men play habaan or bagpipers at special events held at the hotels in Qatar, which shows their overall musical culture from people coming from all over the world. In addition, the Philharmonic Orchestra at Qatar is an initiative of the nation's foundation which carries arioso musicians highlighting classical compositions or segregations. The culture of this music is based on the Arabic and Western folk songs as well as rhythms which have been written for the overall standards of orchestra musicians. Thus, this offers a distinct modern slant on the orthodox arrangement (Hassan et al., 2021). Besides, the Music Academy at the Katara cultural village of Qatar has conceived the overall music for the entire programme with the high intention of knowing the society regarding the criticality of music education and the intervention includes multiple activities involving lessons in takht, qanum, oud and Arab percussion (Marhaba, 2015).
However, in the modern period of time, the taste and culture of people in Qatar towards music have been transformed significantly. Within this context, the data highlights that 84% of the entire population listen to Western Expats, 87% listen to Asian Expats, 66% listen to Arab Expats and 53% listen to Qatar Expats. Further, in various other regions of the nation, the younger population are more diverted towards listening to music as well as taking into consideration it as the critical segment of the overall entertainment. Additionally, approximately the entire people in Qatar whose culture is diverted towards listening to music prefer to listen to Khaleeji songs and Iraqi and Egyptian music is also preferred by some culturally different people (Doha Film Institute, n.d). Further, music plays a prominent role in highlighting the overall culture and background of people in a nation, especially during major events. This makes people from all over the world familiar with the type of belief the people carry, thereby enhancing the overall understanding and knowledge of the current situation in the nations.
Further, music is one of the important aspects that connect cultures from different regions all over the world. Similarly, in the Arab nations, music is one of the critical aspects that connects people from various different cultures and backgrounds and serves as the motivational and entertainment needs of the people. Moreover, music is considered the overall language which assists in connecting people from distinct background and culture and it also assist in promoting social harmony and culture. For example, the USA-Qatar 2021 time of culture celebrated robust connections between the two nations by way of cultural partnerships, performances and exchanges. Moreover, there are various common cultural forms of music played in the Arab nations with a blend of Western and Eastern nations' music which integrates the overall global culture for entertainment purposes. The music culture of Qatar highlights its traditional forms that are used to entertain the people and show the globe the way people think and act (Karolak and Allam, 2020).
Conclusion
From the overall analysis of the presented article, it has been inferred that the music culture of Qatar is a blend of various traditional as well as modern music. There are various instruments used in the traditional music culture which adequately highlight the overall culture of the people. However, in the modern period of time, the taste and culture of music in the nation have transformed significantly, which made people divert toward Western and Asian music. Moreover, the music culture of Qatar shows the overall belief and background of the people in front of the global population.
References / Список литературы
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