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57MOTIVATION ISSUES IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING
Minaeva A.Zh.
Minaeva Aislu Zhulduzgalievna - Assistant Professor, COLLEGE AT KAZAKH LEADING ACADEMY OF ARCHITECTURE AND CIVIL ENGINEERING, ALMATY, REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Abstract: the article deals with the motivation of students in foreign language teaching, as well as the most popular methods of language teaching today. Keywords: motivation, lesson's logic, teaching methods, new technologies.
УДК 81.1
According to the opinion of the famous Russian linguist, specialist in the field of foreign language education E.I. Passov: "Foreign language speech activity cannot be taught, it can only be learned" [1]. Moreover, this means that no matter what modern teaching methods as well as in spite of diversity of visual aids we use in the classroom, in spite of our aspiration to create an atmosphere of communication in the educational process, the results will be insignificant if the student himself does not want to master a foreign language.
Today, it is hardly necessary to persuade someone of the need to study foreign languages. The modern approach to the study of this subject requires a variety of teaching methods and a wide use of innovative technologies in order to increase the efficiency of learning material.
The task of a teacher is to support the learner's desire to work from day to day, moving forward in small steps. Of course, it is not so easy. As teachers, we understand that the secret of success depends on the ability to build a lesson competently, to trace its idea at all stages, to enable students to realize their progress in language mastering. We can face many difficulties in this situation. Unfortunately, the most important problem is that our students do not have an opportunity to use their knowledge outside the classroom. In addition, to work for a distant perspective with the concept that probably it will someday come useful is difficult not only for a student, but for an adult.
In this regard, the problem of students' motivation to learn a foreign language arises in teaching methods. The well-known British methodologist Norman Whitney, stressing that "motivation is the key to successful teaching" [2], highlighted three conditions for its improvement:
- An opportunity for students in the process of a language learning to communicate and express themselves (communicative motivation);
- A variety of topics that are really interesting for the certain age group (cognitive motivation);
- Students' constant feeling of their achievements and progress in foreign language mastering (motivation for success).
Moreover, for successful teaching it is necessary to follow the logic of a foreign language lesson:
• Purposefulness of a lesson.
• The integrity of a lesson.
• The dynamics of a lesson.
• Coherence of a lesson.
In order to provide the communication opportunity in the teaching process many teachers organize their foreign language classes according to the principles, developed by Professor P. B. Gurvich. It is a requirement to make students seat in the position of natural communicants. "Do not talk, breathing in the back of the head" [3]. Moreover, teaching the culture of communication is possible when a student is allowed not to stand up while answering and not to go to the blackboard if there is no need for it.
That is why, in my classes, students sit according to the principle of a round table, which helps develop speaking skills, causes interest in the language, and takes off psychological discomfort.
As you know, to speak English, you need a certain system or, as it is often called, a method of teaching English, which would allow you to complete the tasks as fully as possible, namely, to cope with listening, to get reading, speaking as well as writing skills.
Nowadays, many teachers are focusing on communicative teaching methods, its main principle is to use lexical units and grammatical structures, which were studied in lessons, in speech: oral and written.
All classes, which are developed in accordance with the principles of this modern methodology of teaching English, are, if possible, conducted in a foreign language, or with minimal inclusion of native language. Moreover, the teacher only directs students, asks them questions and creates a communicative situation, while students speak 70% of the time from all lesson.
Nevertheless, I would also like to highlight the following interesting techniques:
Project method.
This method of teaching English to children as well as adults has long been applied at schools and universities in America, and lately it has become increasingly part of the learning activities of our students. Its significance is to put the studied material into practice and it is optimal for use at the end of the whole module, when it becomes possible to assess the degree of educational material mastering. For example, students submit with pleasure their projects on the themes "The Most Beautiful Capital of the World", "The Internet in the Human's Life", "Environmental Problems in My City" etc.
Training
In contrast to the English language teaching methods described above, the training approach is based on independent study, with the amendment that students are given a well-developed structured material and the teacher has clearly explained every detail. As in any training, the student receives a part of the theory, remembers the rules and uses them in practice.
Its main advantages are the availability of a well-thought-out program, the submission of necessary information for improving the level of English.
Round table
The teacher formulates the problem and offers students to evaluate the significance of the problem, to demonstrate all the pros and cons, to determine a possible result etc. Students are supposed to speak on the presented issue; they reason their point of view and eventually come to a common decision.
Brainstorm
This technique is also aimed at discussing and solving given problem. According to this method of teaching English, the audience is divided into two groups - "idea generators", which actually offer ideas, and "experts", who, at the end of the "storm", evaluate the position of every "generator".
Business game
The teacher prepares a game about topics that are familiar and explains the rules to the students. As a rule, the proposed assignment imitates tasks and situations of real communication, for example, looking for a work and hiring, conclusion of a treaty, traveling, etc.
The teacher is demanded to make a large emotional contribution in his activity in order to encourage a high level of motivation among students, we, teachers are always supposed be up to date concerning the new English teaching technologies.
It should be always in mind that there is no game for the sake of the game.
Any game situation should be aimed at memory strengthening, development of thinking, attention, as it is these components of foreign language abilities that are essential in the process of English mastering.
Therefore, it is clear that language teaching will be successful if you manage to interest the students and make them tempt to study. This is an axiom that does not need to be proved, it needs to be only followed and to use for this purpose all available resource of tools that every teacher has.
References
1. Passov E.I. Foreign language lesson at High School. M.: Prosvesheniye, 1988.
2. Whitney N. Open Doors. Your Questions Answered...Oxford University Press, 1994.
3. Gurvich P.B. About four general methodological organization principles of foreign language teaching. Foreign languages at school,2004. № 1.
ОСНОВНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ В СФЕРЕ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ И СПОРТА
В УЗБЕКИСТАНЕ Ходжанов А.Р.
Ходжанов Азиз Рахимович - доцент, Ташкентский институт инженеров ирригации и механизации сельского хозяйства г.Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: в данной статье освещается проблема государственной политики в сфере физической культуры и спорта.
Ключевые слова: государственная политика, спорт, экономика, потребности, спрос.
Законом республики Узбекистан определены основные направления государственной политики в области физической культуры и спорта, предусматривающие государственную поддержку развития физической культуры и спорта; обеспечение права каждого на свободный доступ к занятиям физической культурой и спортом, а также жизни и здоровья лиц, занимающихся физической культурой и спортом; содействие развитию физической культуры и спорта среди инвалидов и других лиц с ограниченными физическими возможностями, а также групп населения, нуждающихся в повышенной социальной защите; и другие.
Также законом предусмотрены способы государственной поддержки развития физической культуры и спорта, включающие обеспечение участия спортсменов в спортивных мероприятиях, создания условий для использования физкультурно-спортивными организациями материально-технических и информационных ресурсов; содержания физкультурно-оздоровительных и спортивных сооружений, находящихся в государственной собственности; строительства новых и реконструкции действующих баз и центров спортивной подготовки и другие [1]. За последнее время спорт стал важной отраслью экономики многих стран, в том числе и в Узбекистане. В него вовлечены значительные финансовые средства и большое количество рабочей силы. Постоянно совершенствуются и разрабатываются новые модели управления спортом и его финансирования. Вместе с тем усиливающиеся тенденции коммерциализации и профессионализации, с одной стороны, а также острая конкуренция вокруг бюджетных средств - с другой, свидетельствуют о том, что спорт должен научиться самостоятельно извлекать прибыль из имеющихся в его распоряжении ресурсов. Долгое время спорт и экономика рассматривались даже на Западе как две отдельные отрасли. Считалось, что спорт - это хобби, свободное времяпровождение, и он не имеет ничего общего с экономикой, профессией, торговлей. Сегодня все кардинально изменилось: в спорте можно заработать неплохие
