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Niyazov Shukhrat Tashmirovich, assistant professor, of the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Ph D., Samarkand State Medical Institute E-mail: shucrat@mail.ru Djurabekova Aziza Takhirovna, Chief of the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Ph D., Samarkand State Medical Institute professor, E-mail: shucrat@mail.ru Igamova Saodat Sur'atovna, assistant professor, of the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Samarkand State Medical Institute E-mail: saodat_igamova@mail.ru
MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF RAT BRAIN IN THE EXPERIMENT WITH CHRONIC ENCEPHALITIS UNDER THE ACTION OF OZONIZED NEUROPROTECTORS
Abstract: The actual at the present stage in neurology is the study and rehabilitation of the long-term effects of central nervous system damage in children (encephalitis, myelitis, encephalomyelitis) which often lead to disability of patients. The actual at the present stage in neurology is the study and rehabilitation of the long-term effects of central nervous system damage in children (encephalitis, myelitis, encephalomyelitis) which often lead to disability of patients.
Keywords: encephalitis, myelitis, encephalomyelitis, Cerebrolysin, neuroprotector, ozone, glial cell, microcirculation, pathogenetic therapy.
Introduction. The actual at the present stage in neurology is the study and rehabilitation of the long-term effects of central nervous system damage in children (encephalitis, myelitis, encephalomyelitis) which often lead to disability of patients. The actual at the present stage in neurology is the study and rehabilitation of the long-term effects of central nervous system damage in children (encephalitis, myelitis, encephalomyelitis) which often lead to disability of patients Cerebrolysin has a predominantly neuroprotective effect.
Cerebrolysin contains low molecular weight biologically active neuropeptides that penetrate the BBB and directly enter the nerve cells. The drug has an organ-specific multimodal effect on the brain, i. e. provides metabolic regulation, neuroprotection, functional neuromodulation and neurotrophic activity. Experiments in animals have demonstrated that cerebrolysin has a direct effect
on neuronal and synaptic plasticity, which contributes to the improvement of cognitive functions. Cerebrolysin can significantly slow down, and in some cases also stop the progression of neurodegenerative processes.
Various aspects of the properties of cerebrolysin, including the state of the membrane fraction, vitamin activity, amino acid, trace element and peptide compositions were studied in detail. The analysis of the drug made it possible to establish the presence of active peptide fragments of the nerve growth factor (NRF) and a number of neurotrophic peptides that stimulate the regeneration of neurons, axon growth, and other aspects of the functioning of neurons. It is shown that its composition includes neuropeptides, which are biologically active fragments of growth factors of the nervous tissue. The light peptide fraction of cerebrolysin (up to 1500 Da) contains active fragments of NGF, enkephalin,
tyroliberin, orexin and galanin. An analysis of their molecular pharmacological action has shown the promise of researching synergistic effects between neuroactive peptides of cerebrolysin and neuroactive micronutri-ents. The authors indicate that in some cases (anemia and other hypoxic conditions in the blood), there is no final separation of cerebrosine into amino acids in the peptide fractions. As a consequence, in their opinion, there is no complete neurotrophic efficacy of cerebrolysin. However, there is insufficient information in the literature on the effect of ozonized neuroprotectors on the central nervous system.
The literature provides information on a number of positive properties of ozone: bactericidal, viricidal (antiviral) and fungicidal (antifungal) actions, immunomodulation (small doses stimulate immunity, large-suppress), influence on oxygen budget and metabolism, systemic restoration of homeostasis, restoration of oxygen transport function of blood, optimization of pro and antioxidant systems, restoration of microcirculation and peripheral circulation, optimization of homeostasis, stimulation of hematopoiesis, activation of doses of biologically active substances, optimization of the metabolism of biological substrates of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids (bioenergetic, biosynthetic effects), analgesic, anti-inflammatory, detoxification, fibrolytic action.
In these cases, the introduction of ozonized cerebrolysin makes it possible to achieve its separation into enkephalins, tyroliberin, orexin and galanin. And to mean to achieve high-grade neurotrophic efficacy of the drug.
There are opinions that the introduction of three atomic oxygen, that is, ozone, favorably affects the architectonics of brain structures and prevents the severe irreversible consequences of hypoxic encephalopathy. However, morphological parameters in the structures of the brain in animals and humans have not been studied so far, under the influence of the ozonized neuro-protector in a comparative aspect with the effect of the nonozonized neuroprotector.
The structural elements of the brain are very sensitive to hypoxia. Hypoxic encephalopathies developing for various reasons, are accompanied by various changes, the degree of which depends on the severity of hypoxia and the causes of their causes.
The purpose of this work: to compare the morphological data of the action of neuroprotectors and ozon-
ized neuroprotectors on the structures of the rat brain in chronic encephalitis.
Materials and methods of research. Studies were carried out on 50 white mongrel rats with a weight of 180240 grams. The animals were divided into the following groups: I-control group-10 rats. II-30 rats with residual phenomena of the encephalitis transferred and received traditional treatment, including with cerebrolysin. They were divided into 3 subgroups: II-A-im injected 0.02 ml of cerebrolysin, II-B-im introduced 0.05 ml of cerebroly-sine and II-B - he was administered 0.1 ml of cerebrolysin. III-10 rats with residual phenomena of the encephalitis transferred and received in addition to traditional treatment ozonized cerebrolysin in a dose of 0.02 ml.
Histological preparations, that is, sections of the brain are colored with hemothoxylin-eosin.
Discussion of the study results:
Morphological changes in the brain in rats not exposed to ozonized effects.
In II-A, the experimental group was treated at different times from the onset of the disease. The treatment was conducted for 20 days, this period is justified by the fact that during this time the therapeutic effect of the drug was achieved. During this period, against the background of positive clinical dynamics, the morphological picture also showed positive changes: the sizes of perivascular and pericelular edema of the nervous tissue decreased. In the vasculature there is a slight widening of the lumen of the blood vessels. The walls of the ventricles of the brain are expelled by single-row epithelium and the vessels in the ventricular wall are asleep, empty.
In the subependymary zones of the brain tissue, focal proliferation of astrocytes of compensatory nature was noted (Fig. 1).
In the experimental group II-B, the following morphological pattern is revealed microscopically in the brain tissues: small, vascular and perivascular cell infiltrates of the vascular-connective tissue apparatus of hematogenous and local origin are found in the cortex and glia of the brain. In the glia there are areas, both with loosening, and with insignificant in intensity pro-liferative processes, which leads to the formation of small adhesions. Diminishes the size of the pericelular edema of the nervous tissue. In the vasculature there is a slight widening of the lumen of the blood vessels. The lumen of some blood vessels is closed with shaped
elements of blood. There are vessels in which the desquamation of the endothelium of the wall sections is observed. Small hemorrhages are detected in the areas of the cortex and glia adjacent to the membranes of the brain. Mononuclear-macrophagal microglial cells
are detected. The nucleus of individual cells is larger than other cells, in places foamy macrophagous bodies are found.
The proliferative processes on the part of the glia are heterogeneous (Fig. 2).
Figure 1. On the 10th day from the beginning of treatment. The ependyma of the lateral ventricles is strongly edematous, the ependymocytes are exfoliated, desquamated. Pericellular swelling is sharply expressed. Color: hematoxylin eosin. X: (magnification - 200 times)
Figure 2. On the 10th day from the beginning of treatment. Many microglial macrophage cells. In some cells, the appearance of foamy bodies in the cytoplasm. Color: hematoxylin eosin
In group II-B, the edematous loosening of the brain by perivascular edema. Most intracerebral vessels gap, substance is observed microscopically, expressed mainly that is, ischemic (Fig. 3).
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Figure 3. At 15 days from the start of treatment. There is a pronounced ischemia in the vessels of the brain. There is an increase in the size of the cytoplasm due to edema, the appearance of nucleoli. Color: hematoxylin eosin
The cytoplasm ofthe oocytes is enlarged in volume, the can see cells with neuronophagia, which is a sign of physi-nuclei are hypertrophied, nucleoli sometimes appeared. ological regeneration and apoptosis (Figure 4). Sciatica are elongated and eosinophilic. In some places one
Figure 4. On the 20th day from the beginning of treatment. A significant loosening and dilution of rat brain tissue. The pericellular edema is more pronounced. Color: hematoxylin eosin. Х: ok.10, o6.20
Thus, against the background of traditional therapy with the use of a large dose of cerebrolysin in the morphological picture against the background of the restoration of neurons appear ischemic foci. This in turn, in our opinion, can provoke the death of neurons around the ischemic focus, and reduces the expected clinical effect.
Morphological changes in the brain in rats exposed to ozonized cerebrolysin..
In the third experimental group, 0.02 ml of ozonized cerebrolysin was intravenously injected to determine the best neuroprotective effect.
Figure 5. At 10th days from the beginning of treatment. There is a blood filling of cerebral vessels, macrophage-mononuclear cells and some edema of brain tissue are visible. Color: hematoxylin eosin. X: ok.10, o6.20
Figure 6. At 10th days from the beginning of treatment. Moderate rarefaction and easy loosening of the intercellular stroma of the brain. Color: hematoxylin eosin. X: ok.10, o6.20
Clinical observation of experimental animals showed that in animals of Group III, neuronal defect recovery was earlier performed (the rats became active and the paralysis of the extremities decreased significantly faster, the reflexes of self-defense were more pronounced than in the subgroups of the II experimental group).
On the 10th day of the introduction of ozonized cerebrolysin in the vessels of ependyma, even fullness is observed. The dimensions of the cytoplasm of the islets are the same everywhere, not where the nucleoli
are not detected. Scions of astrocytes everywhere the same size. Mononuclear-phagocytic macrophages are rare (Fig. 5).
Swelling loosening is less pronounced and affects only individual vessels of the brain (Fig. 6).
On the 15th day of treatment with ozonized cere-brolysin, pericellular edema is slightly pronounced. The degree of blood-filling of brain pockets in these rats is better compared to the 10 days of ozonized cerebrolysin (Fig. 7).
Figure 7. On the 15th day from the beginning of treatment. An easy pericelular edema of the brain tissue. Color: hematoxylin eosin
Figure 8. At 20th days from the start of treatment. The walls of the lateral ventricle of the brain are ependymocytes homogeneous. Sub-epidemic vessels are full-blooded. Color: hematoxylin eosin
The cells covering the ventricles of the brain are hy-perchromous, sometimes two-rowed, and in some places papillate branches are visible, their vessels are full-blooded, hence the cell nutrition is satisfactory (Fig. 8).
Conclusion: A comparative morphological study of brain structures of white rats of II and III experimental groups showed a significant difference in the dynamics of recovery ofbrain microstructures in white rats subjected to the action of ozonized cerebrolysin. In the rats of the second experimental group, signs of ischemia and hypoxia are more pronounced, and compensatory changes
in astrocytes and glial structures are less pronounced. In the third experimental group, the ventricular cells of the brain are hyperchromic, sometimes two-rowed and form papillary branches, are hyperimilar.
Thus, by reshaping the obtained results, it can be concluded that the administration of ozonized cerebro-lysine to rats with consequences of the transferred paralysis of the central nervous system has a beneficial effect on the neuroplasticity of the brain structures during the treatment. Improves the trophism of cells, which stimulates their compensatory possibilities.
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