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4veterinary sciences
Frejuk D. V., Stybel V. V.
Stepan Gzhytskyj Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies, Lviv, Ukraine
DOI: 10.24412/2520-6990-2021-491-5-7 MORPHOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF COW' BLOOD FASCIOLOSIS
Abstract
The article deals with the results of researches of morphological indicators of cows' blood in experimental fasciolosis. Twelve cows of 4-5 years of age, Black-Spotted breed, were selected for the experiments, from which 2 groups were formed, six animals in each. Animals in control group (C) were clinically healthy. Animals of experimental group (E) were experimentally infected with adolescents. All animal manipulations were carried out in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals, which are used for experimental and scientific purposes. It was found that with the development of experimental fasciolosis in the blood of cows of the experimental group, a decrease in the number of erythrocytes by 15 and 25 days of the experiment by 17.7 and 24.7% relative to the control group. Analogical changes were observed in the research of hemoglobin levels, which decreased in the blood of cows of the experimental group by 14.8 and 31.3%, respectively. During the experimental invasion with the fasciolosis pathogen of cows of the experimental group, an increase in the number of leukocytes in their blood was found throughout the experiment. Thus, on the 15th and 20th days of the experiment, the number of leukocytes in the blood of the experimental group increased by 18.5 and 35.5%. On the 25th day of the experiment, the number of leukocytes in the blood of cows infested with the pathogen fasciolosis was the highest, where compared with the control group of animals, this figure increased by 37.9%, respectively. Thus, the causative agent offasciolosis in the organism of cows of the experimental group secretes toxic products that inhibit the hematopoietic function of the bone marrow of these animals.
Key words: parasitology, fasciolosis, ruminants, erythrocytes, leukocytes, hemoglobin.
Introduction
Among the most common pathologies of parasitic etiology in ruminants, trematode diseases, namely fasciolosis, occupy a prominent place in terms of the degree of damage and economic losses [1, 2].
Fasciolosis - quite common, mainly with chronic trematode disease of ruminants. Its causative agents are Fasciola hepatica (common) and Fasciola gigantica (giant) from the family Fasciolidal. The causative agent of fasciolosis in Ukraine is Fasciola hepatica [3, 4, 7].
In the animals organism, the pathogenic action of fasciol consists of mechanical, inoculative, antigenic, toxic and trophic influences. With their movements and products of life, fascioles irritate the bile duct, causing first acute and then chronic inflammation. Such injuries are accompanied by bleeding, especially liver, as well as acute inflammation of the damaged organs. Due to acute hepatitis and progressive due to bleeding, sick animals sometimes die [5, 6, 8, 9].
The importance of clinical and diagnostic examination of the blood of cows is that through the tissue fluid it provides a direct connection between organs and tissues of the organism and reflects the internal processes and changes in the organism, and in pathological conditions, it changes qualitatively and quantitatively.
That is why the purpose of the research was to investigate the morphological indicaters of the blood of cows in experimental fasciolosis.
Material and methods of research
All animal manipulations were carried out in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals, which are used for experimental and scientific purposes (Official Journal of the
European Union L276/33, 2010). Twelve cows of 4-5 years of age, Black-Spotted breed, were selected for the experiments, from which 2 groups were formed, six animals in each. Animals in control group (C) were clinically healthy. Animals of experimental group (E) were experimentally infected with adolescents. During the research, the rules of compulsory experiments were followed - selection and keeping of analogue animals in groups. The ration of cows was balanced in terms of nutrients and minerals.
Blood for analysis was taken from the jugular vein before infection and on the 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th and 30th day of the experiment.
In stabilized blood was determined: hemoglobin content, number of erythrocytes and leukocytes, red blood cell indices - using a hematological analyzer Mythic-18 [10].
The analysis of research results was performed using the software package Statistica 6.0. The probability of differences was evaluated by Student's t-test. The results were considered plausible at P < 0.05.
Results and their discussion
In the research of morphological indices of the blood of cows with the development of experimental fasciolosis was found a decrease in the number of erythrocytes in their blood throughout the experiment. Thus, on the 10th and 15 th day of the experiment, the number of erythrocytes decreased by 11.0 and 17.7% relative to the control group of cows. Subsequently, the number of erythrocytes in the blood of cows of the experimental group decreased on the 20th day of the experiment to 4.90±0.18 T/l, respectively. The lowest number of erythrocytes in the blood of the experimental group of
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VETERINARY SCIENCES / «©OLILOqUQUM-JMTMaL» #4(91), 2021
cows was on the 25th day of the experiment, where erythrocytes in the blood of cows of the experimental compared with the control group, this figure was de- group compared to the previous day, however, this fig-creased by 24.7% (Table 1). On the 30th day of the ex- ure remained low relative to control. periment there was a slight increase in the number of
Table 1
The number of erythrocytes in the blood of cows in experimental fasciolosis _(M±m, n=6)_
Blood test time (days) Erythrocytes, T/l
Groups of animals
Control Experimental
Before infection 6.20±0.23
5th day 6.27±0.31
10th day 6.25±0.24
15th day 6.22±0.20
20th day 6.19±0.27
25th day 6.20±0.25
30th day 6.24±0.28
Analogical changes were observed in the research of the level of hemoglobin, which decreased in the blood of cows of the experimental group, which were experimentally infected with the pathogen fasciolosis. It was found that at the beginning of the experiment the level of hemoglobin in the blood of the control and experimental groups was 110.6±5.3 and 112.5±5.0 g/l. During the experimental infestation of cows with the
causative agent of fasciolosis, a decrease in the level of hemoglobin in their blood by 15 and 20 days of the experiment was found by 14.8 and 21.4%, respectively, relative to the control group of cows. On the 25th day of the experiment, the level of hemoglobin probably decreased in the blood of the experimental group by 31.3%, and on the 30th day of the experiment - by 27.1% relative to the control group (Table 2).
Table 2
Hemoglobin content in the blood of cows in experimental fasciolosis
(M±m, n=6)
Blood Hemoglobin, g/l
test time Groups of animals
(days) Control Experimental
Before 110.6±5.3
infection
5th day 113.2±5.1
10th day 115.0±4.6
15th day 110.9±4.9
20th day 111.5±5.2
25th day 114.3±5.3
30th day 116.2±5.0
It is known that the average hemoglobin content in the erythrocyte is an indicator of the presence of hypochromic, normochromic or hyperchromic anemia. According to our research, it was found that in cows with experimental fasciolosis decreases the average hemoglobin content in the erythrocyte, so on the 25th day of
the experiment in cows of the experimental group, this figure was 16.81±0.66 pg, whereas in the control group it was 18.44±0.53 pg. On the 30th day of the experiment, the average hemoglobin content in the erythrocyte was slightly lower in the experimental group of cows by 5.4% relative to the control group (Table 3).
Table 3
The average content of hemoglobin in one erythrocyte of blood of cows with experimental fasciolosis
(M±m, n=6)
Blood test time (days) The average content of hemoglobin in one erythrocyte, pg
Groups of animals
Control ^oc^igHa
Before infection 17.83±0.57
5th day 18.05±0.52
10th day 18.40±0.60
15th day 17.83±0.55
20th day 18.01±0.58
25th day 18.44±0.53
30th day 18.62±0.60
It was found that at the beginning of the experiment the number of leukocytes in the blood of cows of the control and experimental groups was 9.55±0.42 and 9.62±0.40 G/l. During the experimental infestation with the fasciolosis pathogen of cows of the experimental group, an increase in the number of leukocytes in their blood was found throughout the experiment. Thus, on the 15th and 20th days of the experiment, the number of leukocytes in the blood of the experimental
It should be noted that on the 30th day of the experiment the number of leukocytes in the blood of the experimental group of cows remained at a high level, where, respectively, it was 12.64±0.45 G/l, while in the control group of animals this figure was significantly lower and, accordingly, was 9.68±0.35 G/l.
Conclusions
The causative agent of fasciolosis in the organism of cows of the experimental group secretes toxic products, which inhibit the hematopoietic function of the bone marrow of these animals, as indicated by a decrease in the number of erythrocytes and a decrease in hemoglobin in their blood.
Prospects for further research. It is planned to investigate the protein-synthesizing function of the liver in cows with experimental fasciolosis.
References
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group increased by 18.5 and 35.5% relative to those taken from cows in the control group. On the 25th day of the experiment, the number of leukocytes in the blood of cows infested with the pathogen fasciolosis was the highest, where compared with the control group of animals, this figure increased by 37.9%, respectively. This leukocytosis reflects the intensity of inflammatory processes that occur in the organism of cows with experimental fasciolosis (Table 4).
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Table 4
The number of leukocytes in the blood of cows in experimental fasciolosis _ (M±m, n=6)_
Blood test time (days) Leukocytes, G / l
Groups of animals
Control Experimental
Before infection 9.55±0.42
5th day 9.67±0.40
10th day 9.60±0.38
15th day 9.58±0.0
20th day 9.50±0.36
25th day 9.63±0.39
30th day 9.68±0.35
