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8
Каrimov KH. YA.,
Research Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion
Israilov R. I., Tashkent Medical Academy Maksudova F. T., Tashkent Medical Academy E-mail: [email protected]
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF THE OVARIES IN ANDROGENIZATION OF THE ANIMALS
Abstract: In this work there are presented data of the ovaries morphology in androgenization which was accompanied in the ovary by formation of follicular cysts due to atresia and delay of differentiation of the follicular epithelium with destruction of the surrounding theca tissue. In subsequent the thecomatosis, sclerosis, thickening of the albugineous tunic was developed with luteinization of the internal theca layer of the ovary interstice.
Keywords: ovaries, androgenization, cysts, thecomatosis, sclerosis, polycystosis.
It is known, that most widespread endocrine pathol- tion and in the chloroform, they were filled in paraffin
with wax. From the paraffin blocks there were prepared histological slices of thickness 5-8 microns which were stained by the following histological and histochemical methods: for the general morphology with hematoxiline and eosine methods: for revealing of mucopolysaccharides and glycogen with SHICK reaction; for identification of the collagen tissues by method of Van-Gizon.
It is known, that ovary consists of granular layer of the cerebellar cortex and molecular layer of the cerebellum layers. The surface cortex substance was covered by one-layer cubic and flat epithelium. The framework of the ovary cortical layer is presented by spindle fibroblasts, chaotically located fibres and intercellular substance. The fibrous structures and intercellular substance are located more or less in parallel to ovarian surface. Under the tegumental epithelium among the stromal cells the cords appear from the cells, which are similar the tegumental epithelium which in subsequent invade into the thickness of ovarian cortical stroma. Among the cells of these epithelial cords there are appeared primary sex cells and formed primary primordial follicles. The cells surrounding the oocyte by one layer are called follicular cells or granular cells. In process of follicle development the ovarian stroma occurs around it creating membrane from the theca cells (cell alveolus). The theca cells closely surround follicular epithelium and differentiated into
ogy resulting in infertility is syndrome of polycystic ovaries, which comes to light at 4-10% of all women of the reproductive age [1, 4, 6, 7]. In the structure of anovular infertility this pathology is in the dominating position, sometimes up to 80% of cases. According to results of the consensus on diagnostic criteria accepted in 2003 in Rotterdam there have taken place displacement of accents and change ofdiagnostic criteria therefore now the leading criterion of diagnostics ofthe syndrome ofpolycystic ovaries is anovulation instead of increase of ovaries or expressing of hyperandrogenia [2, 3, 5]. The essential progress is observed in laboratory diagnostics of the syndrome of polycystic ovaries with underlying modern methods of the hormone determination. The data of morphological studies of the ovaries in syndrome ofpolycystic ovaries are scant, the available literature resources are devoted only to macroscopic changes in the ovaries [7, 8]. The results of microscopic research have shown that in the ovaries there are reorganizations as sclerocystic ovaries.
In this connection, in the present work there has been is carried out morphological researches of the ovaries from experimental animals in modeling of androgenization. The slices of ovariesflHHHHKOB were fixed in 10% solution of neutral formalin during 48 hours, after washing in flowing water during 2-4 hours there was performed dehydration in ethanol of rising concentra-
two layers. The internal layer - theca interna has more cellular character and contains many capillaries. An external layer - theca externa is predominantly fibrous structure with not enough of vessels.
The results of microscopic examination of the ovaries in androgenization showed that in the ovary there was noted reorganization ofthe tissue elements with formation ofa lot of cysts with predominance offollicular cysts. Our data have shown that follicular cysts can be formed both from the mature follicles and from the premature secondary follicles. The formation of the cysts from secondary follicles occurs because of atresia and delayed differentiation of the follicle in the following stages of maturation. In this case there is noted thinning of the follicle epithelial layers due to their dystrophic and destructive changes with the subsequent accumulation in the image ofalbuminous liquid (Fig. 1). These changes are accompanied by destructive changes of the surrounding theca tissue, where separate theca cells being swelling are vacuolated with karyolysis and karyo-pyknosis. In the thickness of the theca tissue there is determined presence of small, but diffusive inflammatory infiltration. On the basis of above shown it may be concluded that originally there is occurred disorganization of follicle surrounding theca tissue with nutrition disturbance of the latter. In the further time the dystrophic and destructive changes occur in the follicular epithelium with extending of the cavity and there is noted cyst formation.
In other cases in the secondary follicles there was marked hyperplasia of the follicular epithelium looking like as formation of small hyperchromic spindle cell layers, which completely fill in a follicle lumen (Fig. 2). Around the oocyte the cellular bank appears consisting from dark cambial cells, which closely surround oocytes. The latter is exposed to vacuolization and disintegration and perishes and small cystic cavity is formed. In a circle of such changed follicle the stroma underwent the dystrophic and destructive changes. And directly near the basal membrane of follicle the dark cellular bank from theca cells has been formed.
In the third case in the follicle there is noted atrophy of the follicular epithelium on the one side of the circle almost to disappearance of basal cells. On the opposite part, where the oocyte is located, the follicular epithelium is saved, and closely surrounds the oocyte, but the functionality and viability of the oocyte is not saved. In the latter there is noted vacuolization of the cytoplasm
and destructive changes of the nucleus as caryolysis and caryopyknosis. In the such follicles the patency is sharply dilated the cystic cavity is formed (Fig. 3). In a circle of the such follicles the interstitial tissue also undergoes edematic-destructive changes looking like vacuolization, necrobiosis of the theca cells and loosening and disorganization of fibrous structures.
In our supervisions it was marked, that cysts in the ovaries can be formed directly from theca tissue. In this case there is noted primary focal or diffusive hyperplasia of the theca tissue cells. If hyperplasia has focal character, then in a circle ofthe center ofhyperplasia the fibrous tissue develops which closely surrounds the focus ofhyperplasia of theca cells. The disturbance of blood supplying and development of dystrophic and destructive changes occurs evidently due to strangulation of the theca tissue. In this case in the center of theca tissue the cells are vacuolated and change destructively with caryolysis and caryopiknosis ofnucleus structures. The vacuolated cells and intercellular space adhere and form the cystic cavity (Fig. 4).
We noted that cysts in the ovaries can be formed from hyperplastic granulosa cells. In one case there was found strengthened development of the focuses of hyperplasia of granulosa cells with rejection from surrounding stromal elements. Then there was noted disturbance of nutrition of these hyperplastic cells with subsequent massive necrosis and formation of cystous cavity. In the other cases in structure of granulose cells there was noted presence of inflammatory infiltration with lymphoid, plasmatic cells and macrophages which infiltrate granulosa cells with following cytolytic effect on them and destruction or transformation into stromal cells between which the cysts are formed.
Conclusions
The androgenization was accompanied in the ovary by formation of the follicular cysts because of atresia and delay differentiation of the follicular epithelium with destruction of the surrounding theca tissue.
The cystic atresia of follicles was accompanied by sclerosis, thickening of the tunica albuginea, luteiniza-tion of the external membrane or internal theca layer of the ovary intersticia.
Is was established, that initial hyperplasia of theca cells, appearance in it of the groups of hypertrophic epi-thelioid theca cells comes to the end by formation of the centers of thecamatosis of the various form and size.
Figure 1. In this figure the ovarian cortical layer in androgenization with formation cystic cavities in the atretic follicles and in the edematous theca tissue. Staining: hematoxylin and eosine. Ув: ок.10, o6.20.
Figure 3. Rejection of the oocyte, desquamation and necrosis of the follicular epithelium with formation of the cyst. Staining: hematoxylin and eosine. yB: ok10, o6.40.
Figure 2. Hyperplasia of the follicular epithelium, oocyte death with cyst formation. In the surrounding tissues there is noted fibrosing of the theca tissue. Staining: hematoxylin and eosine: ok10, o6.20.
Figure Edema and fibrosing of the theca tissue with formation of the cyst. Staining: hematoxylin and eosine: ok.10, o6.20.
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