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nuclei, but in some cases the nuclei are characterized by prominent karyolemma and distinct mass of chromatin. The deepest part of the tumor is filled by necrotizing tissue which is made up of fragments of destroyed tumor cells. Within this necrotic zone one can discover islets that structurally
resemble above mentioned layers. Most of such islets are located around preserved blood vessels.
Conclusions. Ascitic form of Ehrlch's tumor is characterized by presence of numerous malignant cells. Solid tumor is characterized by lamellar structure.
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
1 Беляев Н.Н. Морфологические особенности печени новорожденных человека и лабораторных животных // Научные известия (Казахский мед. Ин-т). - Алма-Ата: 1962. - №19. - С. 222 - 225.
2 Зайцев Т.И. Гистологическое исследование печени линейных, нелинейных и гнотобиотических крыс: автореферат дисс. ... канд. мед. наук. - М.: 1975. - 24 с.
3 Клечиков В.З., Павлова И.П. Цитофотометрический анализ ферментативной активности тиреоцитов и гистологическое строение щитовидной железы лабораторных животных. // Труды Ленинградского научного общества патологоанатомов. -1974. - В. 15. - С. 245-246.
Е.С. ДЖАДРАНОВ, М.Ж. ЕРГАЗИНА, З.Н. ДЖАНГЕЛЬДИНА, А.В. КРАСНОШТАНОВ, В.К. КРАСНОШТАНОВ
ЭРЛИХ 1С1ПНЩ АСЦИТТ1 ЖЭНЕ СОЛИДТ1 ТYРЛЕРЩЩ МОРФОЛОГИЯЛЬЩ ЕРЕКШЕЛ1КТЕР1
tywh: Эрлих ¡сМнщ асцита жэне солидп турлершщ морфологиялы; ерекшелштерше сипаттама бершген. 1сштщ асцита туршщ 6ip милилитршдеп iciK жасушалары саналып, осы к;атерлi iсiктiц солидтi туршщ ;абаттарыныц ;урылысы анык;талды. ТYЙiндi сездер: iсiк, тыш;ан, жасуша.
Е.С. ДЖАДРАНОВ, М.Ж. ЕРГАЗИНА, З.Н. ДЖАНГЕЛЬДИНА, А.В. КРАСНОШТАНОВ, В.К. КРАСНОШТАНОВ
МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ АСЦИТНОЙ И СОЛИДНОЙ ФОРМ ОПУХОЛИ ЭРЛИХА
Резюме: Описаны морфологические особенности асцитной и солидной форм экспериментальной опухоли Эрлиха. Подсчитано количество опухолевых клеток в одном миллилитре асцитной формы опухоли. Обнаружена слоистость строения солидной формы данного злокачественного новообразования. Ключевые слова: опухоль, мышь, клетка.
MORPHOLOGIC FEATURES OF
TRANSPLANTED ORGANOTROPIC STRAIN OF THE RAT'S OVARIAN TUMOR
Y.S. DZHADRANOV, M.ZH. YERGAZINA, Z.N. DZHANGELDINA, A.V. KRASNOSHTANOV, V.K. KRASNOSHTANOV
S.D. Asfendiyarov KazNMU, subdepartment of Histology
УДК 616.11-006.6:599.323.4:616-076
Transplanted organotropic strain of the tumor of rat's ovary is able to develop in different forms depending on technique of transplantation. In case of subcutaneous introduction of the tumor cells it develops in the form of solid tumor node. In case of intraperitoneal introduction of the tumor cells it develops in the form of ascites. In case of intravenous introduction of the tumor cells it develops in the form of numerous pulmonary metastases. We studied morphologic changes in tissue of the lungs affected by metastases of the experimental rat's ovarian tumor. Keywords: rat, tumor, lung.
Actuality. Transplanted organotropic strain of the tumor of rat's ovary is able to develop in different forms depending on technique of transplantation. In case of subcutaneous introduction of the tumor cells it develops in the form of solid tumor node. In case of intraperitoneal introduction of the tumor cells it develops in the form of ascites. In case of intravenous introduction of the tumor cells it develops in the form of numerous pulmonary metastases. We studied morphologic changes in tissue of the lungs affected by metastases of the experimental rat's ovarian tumor.
Methods. For our investigation we used males of laboratory rats at the age of two and a half months. Four groups of animals were
formed (each group was made up of ten rats). Group number one (control group) included intact rats. Group number two included rats that were subjected to intravenous introduction of five thousand tumor cell. Group number three included rats that were subjected to intravenous introduction of ten thousand tumor cells. Group number four included rats that were subjected to intraperitoneal introduction of five million tumor cells.
All the transplanted tumor cells were beforehand obtained from intraperitoneal ascites of a rat to which the tumor was transplanted nine days before. Concentration of the introduced
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tumor cells was determined with the help of Gorjaev's count chamber under microscope.
All the animals were killed on the twentieth day after beginning of the experiment. After dissection of the thoracic cavity the pieces of caudal parts of the lungs were extracted and fixed in solution of formalin. Paraffin sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin. Histologic specimens were observed under light microscope.
Discussion. On the outside the lungs of the control rats (rats of the group number one) are covered by serous tunic that consists of flattened mesothelium (its height is 4,13±0,19 micrometers, it contains hyperchromatic elongated nuclei) and subepithelial connective tissue layer which is penetrated by numerous capillaries. The connective tissue layer consists of a large number of cells containing oval densely stained nuclei, and of fibres directed along the surface of the organ. Thickness of the serous tunic is 19,2±1,1 micrometers.
The bulk of the pulmonary parenchyma is made up of alveoles, between which the bronchi of different size are located. The alveoles are lined by flattened epithelial cells containing elongated nuclei. There isn't any prominent difference between the diameter of alveoles situated within the peripheral parts of the lungs (21,1±1,6 micrometers) and the diameter of alveoles situates within the internal parts of the organ (23,63±1,26 micrometers). Besides, there isn't any prominent difference between the density of arrangement of alveoles situated within the peripheral parts of the lungs and of alveoles situated within the internal parts of the organ. Within the peripheral parts of the lungs the number of alveoles in one visual field of microscope (ocular 15, objective 40) is 6,73±0,26, and within the internal parts of the organ the number of alveoles in one visual field of microscope is 7,66±0,33.
Alveoles are separated from one another by thin interalveolar septa penetrated by capillaries. The interalveolar septa consist of densely arranged cells (that contain rounded and oval nuclei having well visible nucleoli and masses of chromatin) and thin connective tissue fibres. Within the peripheral parts of the lungs the thickness of the interalveolar septa is 9,75±0,49 micrometers, and within the internal parts of the organ the thickness of the interalveolar septa is 8,73±0,43 micrometers. Bronchi of any size are followed by blood vessels. Arteries are characterized by well developed smooth muscle of media. Large veins contain valves.
Wall of those bronchi, the lumen of which is eigh hundred to one thousand micrometers in diameter, contain plates of cartilage 54,05±3,06 micrometers in thickness. The cartilaginous plates contain oval and irregular-shaped cells that are densely arranged. Those cells have prominent boundaries, diameter of the cells is 15,44±0,8 micrometers. Rounded and oval nuclei of the cells (5,38±0,21 micrometers in diameter) contain well visible nucleoli and masses of chromatin.
Mucous tunic of bronchi of any size forms folds that are made up of epithelium and lamina propria. In the bronchi that are eight hundred to one thousand micrometers in diameter, the height of the folds is 62,01±3,01 micrometers. In the bronchi, that are six hundred and fifty to seven hundred and fifty micrometers in diameter, height of the folds is 103,89±5,09 micrometers. In the bronchi, that are three hundred to four hundred micrometers in diameter, the height of the folds is 60,38±3,01 micrometers. In the bronchi, that are two hundred to two hundred and fifty micrometers in diameter, the height of the folds is 64,35±3,3 micrometers. In the bronchi, that are eighty to one hundred micrometers in diameter, the height of folds is 39,25±1,9 micrometers.
Inner surfaces of the bronchi are lined by pseudostratified epithelium the cells of which contain hyperchromic nuclei that are located within middle and basal parts of the cells. Boundaries between the epithelial cells and the basal membrain are not prominent. In the bronchi, that are eight hundred to one thousand micrometers in diameter, the height of the epithelium is 27,69±1,26 micrometers. In the bronchi, that are six hundred and fifty to seven hundred and fifty micrometers in diameter, the height of the epithelium is 20,36±0,86 micrometers. In the bronchi, that are three hundred and fifty to four hundred and
fifty micrometers in diameter, the height of the epithelium is 15,56±0,53 micrometers. In the bronchi, that are two
hundred to two hundred and fifty micrometers in diameter, the height of the epithelium is 13,33±0,64 micrometers. In the bronchi, eighty to one hundred micrometers in diameter, the height of the epithelium is 10,8±0,5 micrometers. Lamina propria of the bronchial mucous tunic consists of numerous cells that contain densely stained nuclei of different size, and of thin connective tissue fibres.
Smooth muscle in the bronchial wall represents bundles of densely arranged smooth muscle cells. The bundles are separated by connective tissue layers. The smooth muscle cells contain poorly stained nuclei that are elongated in shape. The specific gravity of the muscle in the bronchial wall increases as the bronchi become smaller but the thickness of the smooth muscle decreases. In the bronchi, that are eight hundred to one thousand micrometers in diameter, the thickness of the smooth muscle is 73,0±3,6 micrometers. In the bronchi, that are six hundred and fifty to seven hundred and fifty micrometers in diameter, the thickness of the smooth muscle is 41,65±2,0 micrometers. In the bronchi, that are three hundred and fifty to four hundred and fifty micrometers in diameter, the thickness of the smooth muscle is 21,72,±1,08 micrometers. In the bronchi, that are two hundred to two hundred and fifty micrometers in diameter, the thickness of the smooth muscle is 17,94±0,8 micrometers. In the bronchi, that are eighty to one hundred micrometers in diameter, the thickness of the smooth muscle is 7,89±0,3 micrometers.
Bronchial adventitia cosists of numerous cells containing rounded and oval nuclei that are densely stained, and of thin fibres. Connective tissue of the bronchial adventitia is gradually continuous with the adjacent interalveolar septa, and with adventitia of the adjacent vessels, that's why boundaries of the bronchial adventitia are not prominent. The walls of the bronchi contain lymphatic nodules occupying all the thickness of the wall and even reach the subepithelial layer.
Lungs of the rats of groups number two and number three contain numerous tumor nodes that are grey in colour. Some of these nodes are situated within the organs, and some of them project out on the surfaces of the lungs.Those nodes were evenly distributed throughout the organ. In the lungs of rats of the group number two the tumor nodes were less in number but bigger in size than those in group number three. In the rats of groups number two and number three the tumor nodes are made up of clusters of densely packed cells. These clusters consist of groups of cells separated by thin layers of homogeneous substance. Within each group, the cells are structurally similar. Some of the cells possess conspicuous boundaries, and their nuclei contain lagre masses of chromatin, other cells show figures of mitosis. Hence we can suppose that the groups of the tumor cells represent isogenous groups, each of which is derived from one maternal cell.
In the rats of the group number two the diameter of the tumor cells is 8,73±0,41 micrometers, and diameter of their nuclei is 6,16±0,3 micrometers. In the rats of the group number three the tumor cells are 8,18±0,36 micrometers in diameter, and diameter of their nuclei is 5,14±0,2 micrometers.
The tumor nodes are penetrated by blood vessels. The walls of the blood vessels are gradually destroyed by surrounding tumor cells. Total destruction of the vascular wall
causes bleeding into the tumor tissue. Those zones of the tumor tissue, that are adjacent to the zone of the bleeding, are necrotic. The tumor nodes are surrounded by connective tissue infiltrated by the tumor cells. Those zones of the lungs which are situated between the tumor nodes are destroyed.
In the rats of the group number four (ascetic tumor) singly arranged pulmonary metastases are rounded in shape, they are about five hundred micrometers in diameter. Those tumor nodes consist of densely packed oval and polygonal tumor cells arranged in groups separated by thin layers of homogeneous substance. Diameter of the tumor cells is 11,5 ±0,29 micrometers, and diameter of their nuclei is 5,58±0,26 micrometers. Central zones of such tumor nodes are necrotic.
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Pulmonary tissue situated outside the tumor nodes remains Conclusions. Structural features of the transplanted tumor
intact. depend on the number of introduced malignant cells.
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
1 Мыжанова Г.Р. Быков В.Л. Зональные особенности строения щитовидной железы у крыс. / / Труды Крымского медицинского института. - 1983. - Т. 100.- С. 98-101.
2 Плинер Л.И. Ледовская С.М. Морфологические изменения щитовидной железы крыс в различных фазах эстрального цикла. / / Архив анатомии, гистологии и эмбриологии. - 1975. - Т. 69. - В. 8. - С. 86-89.
3 Стам В.М. Количественная оценка активности щитовидной железы белых крыс в онтогенезе.// Реактивность и пластичность эпителия и соединительной ткани в нормальных, экспериментальных и патологических условиях.- Свердловск: 1974. - С. 146148.
Е.С. ДЖАДРАНОВ, М.Ж. ЕРГАЗИНА, З.Н. ДЖАНГЕЛЬДИНА, А.В. КРАСНОШТАНОВ, В.К. КРАСНОШТАНОВ
ЕГЕУК^ЙРЫКТАРДЫН, АНАЛЬЩ ЖЫНЫС БЕЗ1НДЕ КЕЗДЕСЕТ1Н АФИНИТЕТТ1 1С1Г1НЩ МYШЕГЕ ЕГ1Л1П ЕНГ1З1ЛГЕН ШТАМЫНЫН,
МОРФОЛОГИЯЛЬЩ ЕРЕКШЕЛ1Г1
Туйш: Эксперименттегi зертханалы; егеукуйрьщтардыц аналы; жыныс безшщ афинитеттi ¡сшнщ метастазымен за;ымданган екпесшщ тiндерiне морфологиялы; тургыда сипаттама берiлген. 1сштщ ecyi енгiзiлген жасушалардыц санына тiкелей байланысты екенi аныщталды. . ТYЙiндi сездер: еreук;¥йрык;, iciK, екпе.
Е.С. ДЖАДРАНОВ, М.Ж. ЕРГАЗИНА, З.Н. ДЖАНГЕЛЬДИНА, А.В. КРАСНОШТАНОВ, В.К. КРАСНОШТАНОВ
МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПЕРЕВИВНОГО ОРГАНОТРОПНОГО ШТАММА КРЫС АФОЯ
Резюме: Описана морфологическая картина легочной ткани лабораторных крыс при метастатическом поражении экспериментальной опухолью АфОЯ. Выявлена зависимость роста опухоли от количества вводимых клеток. Ключевые слова: крыса, опухоль , лёгкие.
ВОЗРАСТНЫЕ МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПЕЧЕНИ И ЩИТОВИДНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ
БЕСПОРОДНЫХ ЛАБОРАТОРНЫХ КРЫС
Е.С. ДЖАДРАНОВ, М.Ж. ЕРГАЗИНА, З.Н. ДЖАНГЕЛЬДИНА, А.В. КРАСНОШТАНОВ, В.К. КРАСНОШТАНОВ
КазНМУ им. С.Д. Асфендиярова, кафедра гистологии
УДК 599.324.4:611.36-053:591.4
На современном этапе развития медицины биологическое моделирование болезней становится важнейшим методом научного познания, что обусловливает необходимость создания на лабораторных животных таких экспериментальных моделей, которые наиболее адекватно отражали бы механизмы возникновения и развития заболеваний человека, а также механизмы выздоровления. Постановка подобных экспериментов немыслима без детального знания биологии лабораторных животных, которые, являясь наиболее важной составной частью эксперимента по моделированию, до настоящего времени, однако, остаются слабо изученными. Нами была поставлена задача изучить возрастные гистологические особенности печени и щитовидной железы беспородных лабораторных крыс.
Ключевые слова: печень, щитовидная железа, гепатоциты, фолликулы.
Актуальность. На современном этапе развития медицины биологическое моделирование болезней становится важнейшим методом научного познания, что обусловливает необходимость создания на лабораторных животных таких экспериментальных моделей, которые наиболее адекватно отражали бы механизмы возникновения и развития заболеваний человека, а также механизмы выздоровления. Постановка подобных экспериментов немыслима без детального знания биологии лабораторных животных, которые, являясь наиболее важной составной частью
эксперимента по моделированию, до настоящего времени, однако, остаются слабо изученными. Отсутствие необходимой информации о структурно-функциональных особенностях органов лабораторных животных в различные возрастные периоды уменьшает возможность правильного выбора животного для целенаправленного моделирования, повышает вероятность ошибки в интерпретации результатов эксперимента. Поэтому изучение морфологии органов лабораторных животных как экспериментальных объектов является важной задачей.
