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MORAL ASPECTS OF SOCIAL -SIGNIFICANT ACTIVITIES IN THE TERMS OF SCHOOL MUSEUM PEDAGOGICS
A. E. Masloboishchikova V.S. Masloboishchikov
This article presents the experience of partnerships in the terms of the school Museum Pedagogics, focused on the development of the morality of the adolescents and providing immunity to fascist ideology.
Key words: The school museum pedagogics, a former not-adult prisoner of a fascist concentration camp, the development of personal world outlook, the conceptual bases of the activities.
1. Nurnberg process showed the world the true nature of fascism. Fascism left an awful heredity to our country. Children of war, former non-adult prisoners of fascist concentration camps are both living eye-witnesses of antihuman crime and participants of the WW II.
2. The People's opinions about war and their attitude to it are different.
3. Rybnenskaya secondary comprehensive school situated in Dmitrov district, Moscow region, has got the War and Local History Museum 'Vyorsty''. It has been working for nearly 50 years and tells about the most important events in the life of several generations of people living on the territory of the settlement "Yakot' ". The museum is the centre of social - significant activity of the schoolchildren and their teachers in the area. Its aim is to form personal world outlook of the rising generation and to bring up children loving their Motherland and doing their best to make the World a better place. The museum keeps the historical memory of the country and former non adult prisoners of fascist concentration camps tell them the truth about the War.
4. For the time being there is no statistics about all lost, killed and multilated by war children. Their number wasn't less than the number of adults. Former non adult prisoners who remained alive represent different categories of prisoners of those years and different social groups today.
5. The pupils of Rybnenskaya secondary school (Dmitrov district, Moscow region) have summed up the data about Dmitrov district: 228 former prisoners of concentration camps were found. Typical international picture of the distribution of the third Reich former slaves was drawn.
6. Pedagogical propositions (theses) used in the work of the museum " Vyorsty":
- to develop pupil's interest to the historic past of the area, to the fundamentals of moral culture, thinking, emotional wakefulness;
- to create positive motivation for displaying in interaction charity, on all levels of communication;
- to organize activities developing creative and intellectual abilities on the basis of the initiation of environment transformations;
- to create situations in which pupils can realise their social significance and their support, charity and compassion to weak and needy people.
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7. The museum council works in close cooperation with the district public organisation called "Former non-adult prisoners of fascist concentration camps" and its leader as well as with the International Union. Their strategic course fully coincides with the course of Rybnenskaya secondary school. Attention to former non-adult prisoners of fascist concentration camps and to all other participants of the War is human and moral it is essence. It cultivates the wish to save peace on the Earth, to help people.
8. Various pedagogical tools are used to organize pupil's search and research work. They include: interaction, "bitter history lessons", participation in antifascist actions, meetings, conferences, organising traditional holidays, meetings, joint expeditions, excursions, visiting places of war glory, translation of the positive experience, taking part in different competitions, putting up and guarding monuments to children who fought in the Great Patriotic war, voluntary activity, etc.
9. The main task of the Union of youth and former non-adult prisoners of fascist concentration camps and all people who are against violence and Nazism is to persuade the rising generation that humanism is the basis of interaction on all levels of people's communication. They should love and value their Motherland defended by their great-grandfather, grandfathers and fathers.
10. "The brown plague" of those times hasn't been overcome yet. People's carelessness is a real danger to life and peace and even civilization on the Earth. Mankind deserves peace. Taking care of the Earth is everybody's business. That's why former non-adult prisoners of fascist concentration camps have no right to keep silence and teachers and their pupils mustn't be inactive.
To Live According to the Call of Heart
The Second World War... What associations does it evoke in us, young people? On the one hand they are connected with Stalin, Victory, Soviet Soldier, Courage, Valour, Feat, Life, World. on the other hand - Hitler, Death, Enemy, Fascism, Ruins, Concentration camp, Hunger, Fear, Traitors, the Hell.People have different ideas, but we the grandchildren of those who were children during the war hear dogs, barking, feel fear, hunger, see smoking chimneys of crematoriums, barbed wire, plank beds, skeletons covered with skin and dressed in a striped uniform and children looking like transparent ghosts, because their blood was given to wounded soldiers of Reich.
We have never been in concentration camps, but when we learned about the stolen and crushed childhood of our grandparents we understood that we know the essence of fascism not only from films and books, but from real life, from the stories of living eye-witnesses of the cruel truth and its our duty to do the best to prevent the horrors of Buchenwald, Ravensbruck, Majdanek, Osventciam, Kastelbah. We have no right to be inactive.
For more than 15 years we are together with the children of war. We grew learning the bitterness and value of life from their stories. For many years they kept silence about concentration camps, about their lost childhood. We have leant the truth only recently. We are thankful to them for it.
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Every year on the 11th of April we present day students together with our adherents take part in the meeting held near the memorial «Unsubdued» on Poklonnaya hill in Moscow.
We do it not because it is a tradition but because it is the call of our hearts. We pay a tribute of respect and memory to unsubdued and survived people.
We active participants of the group «Search» of the museum «Vyorsty» (Rybnenskaya secondary school) realize the horror of fascist ideology and are solid with antifacists in their struggle for human lives and the right to happy childhood, mother’s love and native house.
Among 228 former non-adult prisoners of fascist concentration camps only 148 remained alive, 8 of them live in village Rybnoye not far from the school. They are the most beloved people for us.
Meetings, data of questionnaires, stories of eye - witnesses gave us the possibility to depict fascists brutality towards children.
- children born in Germany, taken away from their mothers and separated according to their nationality lews, Gipsies, Russians;
- children used as material for medical experiments in death camps of Estonia, Latvia, Poland (Osvenciam). They lived only 7-9 months;
- children of the concentration camp Dachau, the factory of death, where boys under 16 were kept;
- children of partisan fighters;
- children - osterbaiters who worked at military chemical factories and in
mines;
- children who worked in agriculture;
- children used as a living shield, who went in front of fascist troops defending them on roads and mine fields;
- children who were political prisoners sentenced to be shot. They were kept in prisons and concentration camps for women in Ravensbruck and Buchenwald;
- three-year old children chosen for Germanizing.
Thousand miles were passed to the places of military battles and war glory. Many hero cities and places where Soviet people were forced to work during the war on the territory of the former USSR and Germany were visited.
3. We are participants of the All-Russia competition of projects devoted to juvenile prisoners «the Person in the history: the XXth century». Our projects were highly estimated.
4. We represented the Russian Federation at the International competition in 2006 in Kiev « Childhood behind barbed wire». Four our drawings took the first place.
5. On behalf of the youth of Russia we appealed to members of the International union of former juvenile prisoners of fascism and representatives of the countries of the United Nations at the International antifascism forum in November, 2010 to consolidate efforts in the defence of peace.
6. We look after monuments, establish memorable signs, create projects of future memorials, participated in the putting of the Memorial sign “We remember you, the kid!” (Moscow) which, became the memorial sign for two millions children of war, 1.8 million of them remained in torture cells of concentration camps of Europe forever.
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7. On the 25th of January 2011 together with the former juvenile prisoners of fascist concentration camps we took part in the presentation of the book «Our memories will go on ...» The book is the result of our meetings and work. Our experience is reflected by mass media and generalized in printed production which we sent to many large museums of our country and Europe.
8. For 15 years we have been active participants of antifascist meetings annually held on the 11th of April by Russian Union of former non-adult prisoners of concentration camps. We take care about these people, organize different meetings, actions, and participate in «bitter» history lessons.
Great deeds begin with small ones. The movement is growing and becoming stronger. Those who have seen childish eyes of grey-haired old people whose childhood was stolen by the WWII will never forget them and will understand that the World and peace are frail. We are against violence and Nazism, we are for life, love, happiness and sunny sky.
Literature
Organizational - pedagogical bases of school museum pedagogics. (Devoted to the former juvenile prisoners and veterans of the Great Patriotic War.): the Methodical textbook. / Editors E.M.Sviridova, A.E.Masloboyshchikova. - М: Academy of improvement of professional skill and retraining of educators, 2009. - 88 p.
Titareva L.N. Not interrupted memories thread... . - M.: Econ-Inform, 2010. - 308 p.
Translated from Russian by the authors
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