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Authors information
Elvira I. Mikhailova - candidate of pedagogics, professor Pedagogical Institute of Physical Culture and Short, "Moscow City Pedagogical University", Balaklavskiy avenue, house 32, block 4, Moscow, 117303, Russia, E-mail: elvira.i.mikhailova@,gmail.com
Nikolay G. Mikhailov - candidate of pedagogics, associate professor, Pedagogical Institute of Physical Culture and Short, "Moscow City Pedagogical University", Balaklavskiy avenue, house 32, block 4, Moscow, 117303, Russia
Elena B. Derevleva - candidate of pedagogics, associate professor Pedagogical Institute of Physical Culture and Short, "Moscow City Pedagogical University", Balaklavskiy avenue, house 32, block 4, Moscow, 117303, Russia
For citations: Mikhalova E.I., Mikhalov N.G., Derevleva E.B. Effectiveness estimation of physical culture teachers' professional competence, The Russian journal of physical education and sport (pedagogico-psychological and medico-biological problems of physical culture and sports), 2017, Vol. 12, No.3, pp. 130-137. DOI 10.14526/03_2017_248
DOI 10.14526/03_2017_249
MORAL ASPECTS OF ECOLOGICAL EDUCATION
Alexsandr V. Nazarenko - Doctor of Pedagogics, Associate Professor Irina V. Astrakhantseva -Senior Teacher Anna I. Kolesnik - Graduate Student Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, Area of 100 th Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia
E-mail: avnokn@mail.ru
Annotation. Continuing scaled ecological crisis proves insufficient effectiveness of modern ecological education system and underlines the necessity to improve it by means of moral component realization. Ecological ethics should influence personal qualities of people, form responsibility of each society member for nature state. Materials. The article presents theoretical and methodological substantiation of the moral ecological education basis as the main direction of its development. The importance of the science is revealed, the aim of which is to predict late effect results of a thoughtless interference of a person into nature and it will help to control interference into environment. Research methods: scientific and scientific-methodical literature analysis, progressive pedagogical experience of specialists-ecologists summarizing, pedagogical experiment, testing, talks, interview, business games, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The role and place of moral ecological education aspects effectiveness increase are substantiated theoretically and experimentally. Moral component of ecological education realization will provide its anticipatory character of development, which will help to realize training for ecological activity, taking into account the experience of previous generations, whose aim was nature subjugaton for own super-demands satisfaction. Conclusion. The results of the pedagogical experiment showed, that specially organized educational process, directed at professional-pedagogical activity spreading, by means of moral basis formation in the sphere of nature use, environment protection, provides the future teachers' responsibility realization for the existing ecological crisis. Ecological ethics support helps students from the experimental group to orient themselves better in the questions of environment preservation, form own attitude to ecological problems and offer the ways of their effective solution.
Keywords: ecological education, morality, pedagogical experiment, methodology.
Introduction. Ecological crisis has achieved great scale and its overcoming is connected with the character of interaction with nature change. Together with water storage, fertile lands decrease, great world ocean, air, food pollution there came the understanding that technogenic civilization with its quick tempo of development, environment transformation, its subordination to the interests of people, the attitude to nature as to the resources has exhausted the potentialities of its development. Using natural resources, violating the structure of the Earth, a person influences its state, becomes the main factor of the following negative processes appearance: resource deterioration, different kinds of animals and plant disappearance. Searching for other life guiding lines, which are able to lead society out of the crisis, the necessity to enter a new stage of modern civilization development becomes especially urgent [1, 3, 5 ].
The aim of the research work is theoretical and methodical importance
substantiation of moral ecological education aspects creation as the factor of consumer attitude to environment change for nature protecting one.
Objectives: 1. To substantiate scientifically the role and place of moral aspects for ecological education effectiveness increase.
2. To create the methodology of moral upbringing during the process of ecological education and check its expediency during the pedagogical experiment.
Material. The difficulty of forming nature-protecting attitude to environment is explained by the absence of resource-conserving and nature protecting mechanism of the influence on awareness of people, which provides own place in environment realization, as its structural component. Modern civilization preservation is connected with ecological worldview and ecological thinking formation - the main objectives of ecological education. These objectives realization will provide importance
understanding of nature reconstruction as the main factor of further humanity development.
Consumer attitude to environment transformation into nature-protecting one is connected with the necessity to change the functions of the science from the accumulated experience of the previous generations study and analysis into new technologies mastering, which help to predict late effect of a thoughtless interference of a person into nature. The main peculiarity of modern science about society and environment interaction is in the fact that scientific ideas and creations should be directed at advancing practical actions, connected with interference into nature [ 2, 4, 6].
Wide spreading of such kind of research works results, their demonstration in documentary films, at stands, postcards, special thematic exhibitions will provide understanding of interference into nature inadmissibility in order to satisfy personal needs, causing such catastrophic consequences. Ethical consequences of scientific discoveries started to attract attention of the scientists after the tragedy in Hiroshima. The Aral Sea destruction, Lake Baikal pollution had great negative impact on biosphere of the planet. Studying consequences of this influence, scientists came to the conclusion, that during importance of scientific research works estimation it is also necessary to use ethical criteria.
The main reason of ecological planetary crisis is in spiritual-moral sphere crisis, the priority of material values over spiritual ones. Being guided by overstated needs, people damage nature, make its parameters worse and can't adapt to them. Modern notions of interaction character between nature and society are based on the ideas of V.I. Vernadskiy, 2011, who showed that people influence greatly global planetary processes and states of nature. It determines the role of ethics and morality, which is in the fact, that the character of interrelations between society and nature conditions climate change, timeliness of seasons change and other things. The leading condition for nature
preservation is ethic basis creation of ecological education on the basis of relations harmonization between a man and environment. Ecological ethics came through several stages in its development:
I stage was characterized by the notions of the fact, that nature existed before a man appeared and it shouldn't be changed;
II stage was marked by the unity realization of a person and nature, the achievement of which is possible by means of individual consciousness widening till planetary and cosmic one;
III stage starts with transcendence (depth) ecology appearance, the aim of which is contact setting with the Universe in order to reveal inner, typical to a man, not always realized love of nature.
Transcendence ecology is aimed at a person, who is able to fulfill self-actualization, own real needs revelation, satisfaction of which provides his development, the necessity understanding to get rid of egoistic thinking, which imposes yearning for comfortable life, a person, who is ready for maximum connection with cosmos, till full unity with it. These ideas contain great upbringing potential, their realization will help to:
- free the mind of a person from his EGO by means of his activity revelation consequences, directed at super-comfortable conditions of life creation;
- using visual aids show the results of elite villages (with the cottages) building, which have swimming pools, saunas, fitness rooms. It is obvious that these villages building demands deforestation, which will lead to groundwater drying, great number of animals and plants disappearance, air pollution.
Modern system of ecological education has the aim to form the system of special knowledge about nature. However, the International Congress of UNO on the problems of ecology in Rio de Janeiro (1992) mentioned several serious changes in the world during the period after the I World ecological conference in Tbilisi, 1977: exhaustion of easily accessible fuel and
mineral resources, some rare metals and kinds of chemical raw materials; physical and chemical pollution of the planet, animal and plants, forest, fertile lands and fresh water disappearance. It was acknowledged, that a traditional ecological education doesn't solve the problems of society interaction with environment. At the conference the conditions of interrelations between a man and nature harmonization, ecological culture of population formation were determined; the necessity of ecological upbringing and ethic basis of ecological education creation was underlined. The scientists underlined, that a person can control environment, determine its present and future, predict the consequences of interference into environment, the character of which is conditioned by his education. It determined the demands to ecological education, which is necessary to consider as a new educational paradigm, which is based on the priorities of environment problems acknowledgement.
Ecological education should be directed into the future, should have anticipatory character. These demands conditioned the necessity to create moral aspects of ecological education, directed at its following functions realization: psychology of hyper-consumption transformation into reasonable organization of life, which provides spiritual-moral development of a personality, ecological worldview, ecological thinking, ecological culture formation. Consumer attitude to environment transformation into nature-protecting one is connected with the necessity to change the leading role of material values in terms of spiritual values. It conditioned the leading role of moral aspects of ecological education while solving ecological education problems.
Scientific and scientific-methodical literature (concerning the problem of ecological education development) analysis, materials of our own research works, showed that for consumer attitude change it is necessary to create the definite preconditions, the main of which are the following:
- information about the environment state mastering;
- comparative analysis of environment state organization at different stages of social development while shifting from one civilizational model to the following;
- supporting information with visual material and the corresponding comments, which prove the fact that a planetary ecological crisis is conditioned by illegal, ill-considered actions of people, without their reasonable scientific substantiation.
Environment destruction is conditioned by the desire of a man to create comfortable conditions of life, which causes considerable lack of physical activity as one of the main factors of a ruinous influence on an organism. One more reason of environment destruction specialists consider the yearning of people for hyper-consumption. A person wants to have more, than he needs for his spiritual-moral and physical development, rationally organized life - the main level of interaction harmonization between a person and environment.
In the genetic memory of people preserves love of nature, which determined the character of their interaction with environment at the initial stages of social development. Taking into consideration genetic love of nature is an important factor during ecological education on the basis of ecological ethics organization. During ecological education of pedagogical University students the method of projection is used, with the help of which the future teachers created own model of ecological education, which provided the role of material values of nature change and priority of spiritual values. It should, in our opinion, be the main condition for consumer attitude to nature change into nature-protecting one.
During the process of own ecological education model creation the future teachers were offered videos and news-reel shooting, which characterized environment state in different regions of the country; mutual discussion of the scientific articles, concerning the problems of ecology, with the reports on powerful ruinous impact of some industrial and agricultural enterprises, was
held; the reasons of deserts appearance, soil erosion, rivers, seas disappearance were revealed; the research results were given, which prove that forest area decreased to 60% and every year people cause fire even on this territory. Students were offered to calculate independently time of drinking water sharp deficiency, clean air and create the measures in order to prevent modern civilization collapse. Offered by students projects had the following main suggestions of moral aspects of ecological education realization:
- ecological knowledge, information about environment state popularization with the help of video materials;
-everyday TV and radio programs organization about environment state with the dynamics of its indices, industrial and agricultural enterprises revelation, which are not equipped with effective sanitation facilities;
- everyday information about the state of city beaches, mass recreation places;
- insanitary state of residential communities, yards, newly erected building, playgrounds, unauthorized trash dumps; people revelation, who are responsible for sanitary state of the town, agricultural regions;
- regular demonstration of documentary films about a ruinous influence of a man on nature, which prove that planetary ecological crisis appearance is conditioned by the actions of people, their desire to hyper-consumption, which is unreasonable from the point of ethics and morality.
The following nature protection measures were taken:
- systematic raids organization on the state of forest ranges, forests, squares, parks control;
- "green team" organization from the volunteers (senior pupils, students of higher educational establishments and colleges), who have special authorities;
- regular discussion of regional ecological problems at Government, House of Assembly sessions with the representatives of mass media.
Moral aspects of ecological education provide active participation of science in ecological problems solution, the main development directions of which should be the following:
- industrial and agricultural production organization without any damage for environment;
- safe, new type of transport use;
- traditional sources of electrical power substitution for natural one;
- new technologies of waste-free production introduction.
Moral basis of ecological upbringing realization will help to create advantage for scientific projects, fulfilled in accordance with the demands of ecological ethics, which doesn't let industrial interests be more important than the principles of environment preservation.
Results and their discussion. In order to check the effectiveness of ecological education, based on the principles of ethics and morality, the pedagogical experiment was held. 96 students of the 1st and the 2nd courses from natural-geographic faculty took part in the experiment. The control group (CG) and the experimental group (EG) were organized, each group included 48 people. In the CG lessons were held in accordance with the curriculum. In the EG during the holidays, week-ends and red-letter days regular trips to problem regions were organized, where the lectures, seminars and practical lessons were held, where students fulfilled special tasks, which provided the skills formation of environment parameters monitoring and diagnostics in dynamics, the main centers of nature pollution and destruction revelation; individual projects of nature rehabilitation and preservation creation.
The students from the EG revealed the importance of ecological upbringing moral basis, as the main condition for ecological world-view, ecological thinking and ecological culture formation. The students realized that without understanding the consequences of a ruinous influence on environment it is impossible to change the consumer attitude to environment into nature
protecting one. Evaluation criteria of ecological education moral basis formation were the following: ecological ethics understanding as the precondition for an effective ecological education; the degree of personal responsibility formation for nature state, own duty realization in environment restoration till comfortable conditions of life.
Evaluation criteria:
5 points - understanding that without moral base effective ecological education is impossible, the importance of ecological ethics realization for personal sphere influence, without which a person is not able to percept objectively environment;
4 points -the notion of the ecological upbringing necessity as the leading component of ecological education, following the principles of ecological ethics;
3 points - general notion of ecological education moral base as the condition for its effectiveness;
2 points - uncertainty in mastering ecological ethics as the condition for consumer attitude to environment change into nature protecting one;
1 point - to have a vague notion of ecological education moral basis.
Before the pedagogical experiment the initial level of students' professional training in the sphere of moral basis of ecological education was revealed using these criteria. The received results analysis didn't reveal considerable differences according to the level of theoretical and practical training of the future teachers in this direction of training.
After the pedagogical experiment one more professional training level estimation was held. Comparative analysis showed, that the results improved in both groups, with evident predominance of the students from the EG. At the beginning of the pedagogical experiment students from both groups showed approximately the same level of professional training, after the pedagogical experiment in the CG only 2 students got 5 points; 11 students got 4 points and 19 students got 3 points; 16 students got 2 points. In the EG 12
students got 5 points; 33 people got 4 points and 3 people got 3 points.
Conclusion. Thus, the pedagogical experiment results showed that ecological education should be based on ecological ethics. Moral basis of ecology help to influence purposefully personal qualities of people, provide genetically caused love of environment demonstration as the main condition for a person survival. The system of ecological knowledge mastering doesn't provide necessary level of the future teachers professional training in the sphere of ecology, as without ecological upbringing, an important structural component of ecological education, it is impossible to develop professional training of a future teacher in the sphere of ecology.
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Authors information
Alexsandr V. Nazarenko - Doctor of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, Area of 100 th Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia
Irina V. Astrakhantseva -Senior Teacher Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, Area of 100 th Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia Anna I. Kolesnik - Postgraduate, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, Area of 100 th Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia, E-mail: avnokn@mail.ru
For citation: Nazarenko A.V., Astrakhantseva I.V., Kolesnik A.I. Moral aspects of ecological education, The Russian journal of physical education and sport (pedagogico-psychological and medico-biological problems of physical culture and sports), 2017, Vol. 12, No.3, pp. 137-143. DOI 10.14526/03 2017 249
DOI 10.14526/03_2017_250
THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF A TEACHER PROFESSIONAL TRAINING IMPROVEMENT
Oksana S. Nazarenko - Candidate of Pedagogics Denis V. Edyshev - Postgraduate Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, Area of 100 th Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia
E-mail: avnokn@mail.ru, edyshev@bk.ru
Annotation. Modern period of society development is characterized by unsteady political and social-economic systems, the character change of interrelations between countries, natural
