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1Микробиология
Microbiology
UDK: 578.74: 578.85: 578.083: 577.15 MONITORING OF PLANT VIRUS DISEASES
Sattorov M.S., Fayziev V.B. XoldorovJ.
Chirchiq davlat pedagogika universiteti tayanch doktoranti Chirchiq davlat pedagogika universiteti professor Chirchiq davlat pedagogika universiteti magistr E-mail: m.sattorovl983@list.ru. fvahid@mail.ru
АННОТАЦИЯ
В последние годы наблюдается множество негативных ситуаций, таких как быстрое засыхание растений сливы, некачественные и мелкие плоды, осыпание. Это наносит экономический ущерб получению качественных плодов и обильного урожая семечковых культур. Поэтому научно-исследовательские работы, проводимые в этом направлении, являются актуальными. В статье рассматривается распространение болезней растений сливы и мониторинг заболеваемости сливы на садовых участках, уровень воздействия вируса на сорта сливы.
Ключевые слова. Фитогенные вирусы, мониторинг, площадь, температура, влажность, свет, сорта исполинская, Венгрия, насекомые.
ANNOTATION
In recent years, many negative situations have been observed, such as quick drying of the plum plant, poor quality and small fruit, and shedding. This causes economic damage in getting quality fruit and abundant harvest from pome fruit plants. That's why the scientific-research works conducted in this direction are urgent. The article discusses the spread of plum plant diseases and the monitoring of plum disease levels in horticultural areas, the level of the virus' effect on plum varieties.
Keywords. Phytogenic viruses, monitoring area, temperature, humidity, light, varieties ispolniskaya, Hungary, insects.
INTRODUCTION
Today, detection, identification and study of the characteristics of viruses infecting fruit plants, especially plums, as well as continuous control is the demand of the time [1]. In open areas, the main indicators (such as temperature, humidity, light, varieties). During the study period, including the spread of plum pox virus, the disease level among plants increases under the influence of various pathogens and virus carriers [2].
In addition, the stressful effect of environmental factors, the use of chemical means for plant protection, leads to a violation of the mutual balance (balance) in the relationship of parasitic and predatory insects and a redistribution of the proportions of phytopathogenic species [3].
Taking into account these circumstances, the study of viruses
infecting plum plants was taken as the main goal.
For this purpose, the samples brought for study and analysis of plum plants from the horticultural farms of Kibray, Bostonlik, O'rta Chirchik, Parkent districts of Tashkent region were examined and as a result of the examination, the manifestation of viral diseases was found, various external signs similar to the condition were identified [4, 5].
When the plants are visually inspected, various mosaics (spots, yellowing, loss of greenness), deformations and their formation in circles, virus-like lines, spots appear on the fruits, hardening of the fruit and early maturity. It was observed that there are a number of disease symptoms characteristic of viruses, such as wilting, changes in the growth cone of the infected plant (picture).
l-picture: Symptoms of plum plant viral diseases.
1-Symptoms of the disease on April; 2-Symptoms of the disease on May; 3-Spread of leaf rings in June; 4-indicator symptoms in the pod (Chenopodium foetidum, Datura stromonim, PPV, D+M] 5- disease symptoms in the fruit of the Ispolniskaya variety of plum; 6-Disease symptoms in the fruit of the Wengerka variety of plum.
Monitoring areas: "Baitkurgan Ikromov Ravshan" Horticultural farm
("Ispolniskaya" variety, total area 10 ha, Kibrai district), "Aziz" Horticultural farm ("Wengerka" variety, total area 2,2 ha, Kibray district), Bostonliq district "Aq Tosh" horticultural farm ("Ispolniskaya" varieties, total area 3.0 ha), Parkent district "So'qoq Azizbek" horticultural farm ("Ispolniskaya" varieties, total area 0.4 ha), Nurjan horticultural farm of Orta
Chirchik district ("Wengerka" varieties, total area 3.4 ha) (table), plums in horticultural farms There are a number of signs (for example, deformation of flowers and leaves, the presence of virus rings in fruits, and the formation of virus signs characteristic of the research object) in different varieties and samples. Based on the visual analysis, the symptoms on the leaves and fruits allowed to assess the damage in the plant.
Table-1
General analysis and monitoring of the incidence of plum pox virus
№ The name of the sampled FX Plum varieties Land area, ga Deformation of the leaves of the plum tree general degree of morbidity
1 Garden farm "baitkurgan Ikromov Ravshan", (Kibray District, Tashkent region) Ispolniskaya 6,0 +
Vengerka 3,0 +
Samarqand 1,0 -
2 "Aziz" Horticultural farm Khojaly (Qibray District, Tashkent region) Ispolniskaya 1,2 +
Vengerka 0,6 -
Qora olxo'ri 0,4 -
3 Horticultural farm "white stone" (Boastonlyk District of Tashkent region) Ispolniskaya 1,2 +
Vengerka 1,0 +
Qora olxo'ri 0,8 -
4 Horticultural farm "Sovak Azizbek" (Parkent District of Tashkent region) Ispolniskaya 2,0 +
Vengerka 1,0 -
Samarqand 1,0 -
5 Horticultural farm "Nurjan" (mid-Chirchik district, Tashkent region) Ispolniskaya 1,4 +
Vengerka 1,0 -
Qora olxo'ri 1,0 -
As a result of the monitoring analysis, it was determined during the monitoring analysis and laboratory experiments that there are a number of Potyvirus virus types in a total of 19 hectares. It can be seen from Table 1 that the prevalence of plum pox virus (PPV) was found in all investigated horticultural farm areas.
As a result of the conducted research, there are a number of signs (for example, deformation of flowers and leaves, the presence of virus rings in fruits, and the formation of virus signs characteristic of the object of research) in different varieties and samples of plums. During the monitoring observations, the symptoms of infection of the virus in the indicator plant,
the effect of the virus on the enzyme and pigment activity in the plant, and the method of molecular genetic diagnosis of the virus, such as the PCR-TT method, were studied in laboratory conditions to determine the characteristics of the disease symptoms.
Conclusion: Taking into account the results of this study and the high level of damage caused by the virus, it is necessary to study the spread of the virus in the territory of our country, to study the biological characteristics that cause the preservation and spread of the disease, as well as to monitor the spread of the disease, to prevent it, to develop measures to combat the disease. Today's situation
requires the need to conduct scientific research.
References:
1. Sattorov M., Sheveleva A.A., Fayziev V., Chirkov S. (2020). First report of Plum pox virus on plum in Uzbekistan. Plant Disease, Published Online: 1 Jul 2020 https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-20-0456-PDN.
2. Fayziev V., Javlieva D., Sobirova Z., Shonazarova N., Suyunova G., Berdikulova N.. Bekmatova E. //Identification of potato virus x in uzabekistan and its biological and molecular genetic characterization. Eur. Chem. Bull. 2023, 12 (Special Issue 4), 18254-18265
3. Fayziev V, Javlieva D., Kadirova Z., Chirkov S., Jurayeva U., Vakhabov A. (2020) Study of some biological properties necrotic isolate of potato virus X and phylogenetic analysis. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation.
4. Chirkov S., Ivanov P., Sheveleva A., Zakubanskiy A. & Osipov G. 2016. New highly divergent Plum pox virus isolates infecting sour cherry in Russia. Virology, 502: 56-62.
5. Sattorov M., Fayziev V.B. Virus bilan turli darajada kasallangan olxo'ri o'simligida peroksidaza fermenti aktivligini aniqlash. // Agrar fani xabarnomasi, Ilmiy-amaliy jurnal № 6 (6) 2022 -126 b.
6. Garcia J.A., Glasa M., Cambra M., and Candresse T. 2014. Plum pox virus and sharka: a model potyvirus and a major disease. Molecular Plant Pathology 15(3): 226-241.
7. Candresse T. 2014. Biology and current status of Plum pox virus. Personal communication to M. Sullivan on July 24, 2014 from T. Candresse (INRA, France).
