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14MONITORING OF PHYSICAL HEALTH AS A FACTOR OF ENHANCEMENT OF
PEDAGOGICAL ORIENTATION OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION OF STUDENTS IN NON-
CORE UNIVERSITIES
V.Yu. Lebedinskiy, professor, Dr.Med.
M.M. Kolokol'tsev, professor, Dr.Med.
L.F. Natalevich
National Research Irkutsk State Technical University, Irkutsk
Keywords: university students, monitoring, physical development, physical fitness.
Introduction. Monitoring study of physical development and physical fitness of young students is one of the ways of using innovative technologies in the field of formation and protection of their health. Methods for determination of their physical condition are included in the national system of monitoring of the state of physical health being implemented in the public project "Establishment of the national system for monitoring of people's physical health, physical development of children, adolescents and youth" [1, 3, 5, 8], and others.
The effectiveness of the monitoring and carried out on its basis assessment of physical health of higher school students is provided by standards and norms developed subject to their sex, age and region of residence and other specifics. Norm - is one of the necessary conditions for monitoring as the results obtained can be compared only in case of knowing the norms [2].
Monitoring means actions aimed at implementing functions such as observation, prevention, control, regulation, forecasting [5] of the state of physical development and physical fitness of students. It is a system that helps carry out continuous monitoring of the state of a particular object, register his essential characteristics, evaluate them, make management decisions and quickly identify the effects on the object of various processes and factors.
The purpose of the study was to develop and scientifically substantiate health monitoring technologies for students of non-core universities.
Materials and methods. The introduction of the monitoring technologies into the teaching process on physical education and the research and correction of physical health of young people have been carried out twice in National research Irkutsk state technical university (NR IrSTU) since 2008, at the beginning (September) and at the end (May) of the academic year, which helps individualize the subject teaching process.
Physical development of students was evaluated by the following anthropometric and physiometric indicators: body length and weight, chest circumference, vital capacity (VC), handheld dynamometry. Anthropometric measurements and functional tests of more than 5 thousand
students of NR IrSTU were carried out in accordance with the set objective, conventional methodology developed by V.V. Bunak, with due regard to the requirements of the research institute of anthropology at Moscow State University (1982), and with the use of the methodological recommendations [7]. Measurements were taken in the morning in the university medical supervision room, subject to voluntary participation, individual's rights and freedoms guaranteed by Articles 21 and 22 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Basic motor qualities of students were estimated using the tests, developed in All-Russian scientific research institute of physical culture [6]: shuttle run (females, males) sec; 20 m run with flying start (females), 30 m run with flying start (males) sec; hangs - females (sec), pull-ups -males (reps); sit-ups (females, males), reps; body bending (females, males) cm; standing long jump (females, males) cm; 5 min run (females) m, 1000 m run (males) m, sec. The levels and their characteristics were determined by the sigma deviation method with the use of the arithmetic mean of the indicators (M) and the mean square deviation (s) [4].
The sampling was divided into 5 classes: M±0,67o -"average" value of the indicators within the sampling. If they ranged between ±0,68o and ±1,34o, the characteristic was rated as "above average" or "below average". If the data exceeded ±1,34o, the characteristic was rated as "high" or "low". Based on the findings of the years-long research (2007-2013), regional standards of physical development and physical fitness of students were developed for the first time ever, with due regard to their sex, age, functional health group, and they are now being implemented in the physical education process at the physical culture faculty of NR IrSTU. They are a little different both from the average-Russian data and the data obtained in other regions.
Results and discussion. As seen from the analysis of physical development of female students of the first functional health group (basic) of NR IrSTU, their anthropometric characteristics changed slightly during their university studies, except for their height which increased significantly by 2.27 cm by the age of 21, which proves the ongoing growth process in the Irkutsk female students. The other anthropometric data did not change remarkably.
The findings related to functional characteristics underwent more profound changes, as they varied significantly during the first two years of university studies.
Based on the developed standards, we divided the students by the levels of their physical development and physical fitness. Thus, the results of the speed endurance and agility test (10x5 shuttle run) of the male students shown that at the age of 17-20, when physical education process was running, the number of students with the "average" level of development of this quality increased almost by half, and in those with the "above" or "below average" levels it decreased less than by 10 %. This process was the most intensive at the age of 17-19, and it levels off at the age of
21-22 (graduates). The number of students with the "average" level went as low as 50 %, and the number of those with the "above" or "below average" - increased to 25 %.
According to the analysis of changes in the general endurance indices (1000m run), by the age of 18 the number of students with the "average" and "below average" levels has increased, and those with the "above average" level has decreased. Another important feature of the changes in the values of this indicator was that by the age of 20 the number of students with the "above average" level increased significantly and of those with the "below average" and "average" levels decreased gradually to 14.5 and 43% respectively. This can be explained by the peculiarities of the organization of the university physical education process, for which once-a-week physical education classes are typical.
Strength endurance of the shoulder muscles had a negative trend in changes with age. It was the most pronounced in the students with the "average" level of development. There was a decrease of their number from 50 to 40 % and less. The number of students with the "below average" level of development of this quality increased (from 25 to 35 %), while the number of young males with the "above average" level ranged between 25 and 29 % with minor changes.
A similar situation was observed while analyzing changes in the speed-strength endurance of the body flexor muscles (sit-ups).
The dynamic force of the lower limb muscles (standing long jump) underwent some typical changes, which were, apparently, directly associated with the peculiarities of physical education of university students. Thus, the share of students with the average level of development of this quality decreased significantly from 58 (18 years) to 48 (22 years) %.
The "speed" test revealed the tendency to the general decrease of the number of students with the "below average" level from 24 to 18 %, the number of young males with the average level (17-18 years) was almost at the same level (50 %), and the number of students with the "above average" level increased to 31 %. The reason must be that during the first two academic years physical education classes for university students are the most intensive - twice a week. The leveling of the examined indicator values was observed at the age of 19-20.
Conclusion. The long-term (2007-2013) use of the monitoring and innovative technologies for improvement of the university educational process on the subject "Physical Education" has not only strengthened its pedagogical orientation, but also increased the interest in its conduct among students.
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Corresponding author: lebedinskiy@istu.edu
