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MOISTURE AND HARDNESS OF THE SOYBEAN STEM
Tukhtabayev M. A., Pardaev O. R.
Objective: In studying the technological process of separation of soybean seeds from pods and stems, it is important to know the moisture and hardness of pods and stems. Therefore, determine the moisture content and hardness of shade pods and stems.
Methods: In experiments, the moisture content of soybean stem with a length of 800-1100 mm was measured on an EV-2K electronic humidity meter every 100 mm interval. The dampness of the shade was carried out using an EV-2K power meter that measures humidity. Before changing the scales, their display is checked. The sharpened part of the needle in the direction of the stem fibers is completely immersed in it. To make the result more accurate, the measurement is repeated several times and averaged. In the experiments, 10 stems were taken from the beginning, middle and end of the field, and the height of the stems was 80-120 cm. The moisture content of each 100 mm piece was determined from the root collar to the tip of soybean stems.
Results. The results is shown that the density of legume soybean stems averaged 85.6 kg/m3 when maximum value was 92.3 kg/m3 and the minimum value was 81.5 kg/m3.
Conclusion. The result of determining the density of legume soybean stems can be used to theoretically substantiate the performance of the device and to establish other laws of the technological process. Based on the physical and mechanical properties of leguminous stems, their transmission is provided by a continuous descent from the sloping part of the tray to the vertical part, when the angle of inclination of its sloping part relative to the horizontal plane is greater than 33-35°.
Key words: soybean, density, legume, density, soybean stem
It is known that when the leguminous stems are delivered from the transmission rod of the device into the hollow cylinder, they are affected by the rotating threshers, which are fastened to the shaft in the form of a screw. As a result of the impact of the beetles on the pods and stems, the soybeans and stems are deformed, and under the force of the impact, the pods and stems are crushed and the seeds are separated. In studying the technological process of separation of soybean seeds from pods and stems, it is important to know the moisture and hardness of pods and stems [1-7]. This is because knowing the moisture and humidity when the soybeans hit the pods and stems, correctly assessing the technological process and creating the basis for complete separation of soybean seeds from the pods without damaging them.
In the experiments, the moisture content of the shadow stem with a length of 800-1100 mm was measured on an EV-2K electronic humidity meter every 100 mm interval (Fig. 1). The moisture content of the soybean stalk decreases from the throat upwards.
To substantiate the parameters and operating modes of the device that separates the seed shade from the pods, it is necessary to study the physical and mechanical properties of the soybean stems, pods and seeds. Because these indicators are factors that directly affect the quality of work of the technological process of separation of seed soybeans from pods [8-14].
As these results are not sufficient for research on the parameters and modes of operation of the device for the separation of seed soybeans from legumes, one of the main tasks was to study the above-mentioned properties of soybeans grown in Uzbekistan [15-20].
1 - humidity display scale; 2 - three-needle triple; 3- arrow key adjustment button; 4-voltage adjustment button; 5- plug connected to an electrical outlet Figure 1. EV-2K electronic humidity meter
How to use the power tool EV-2K, which measures humidity. Before changing the scales, their display is checked. Using the manual change, an arrow is set to the "NSH" symbol. The button must be pressed when setting the arrow to the "NSH" symbol. The sharpened part of the needle in the direction of the stem fibers is completely immersed in it. To make the result more accurate, the measurement is repeated several times and calculated the average amount.
The experiments were conducted in the laboratory of the Department of General Engineering of Jizzakh Polytechnic Institute (JIZPI). At the end of October 2020-2021, 10 soybean stems of Oyjamol sort with a height of 80-120 cm were brought from the beginning, middle and end of the field. The moisture content of each 100 mm piece was determined from the root collar to the tip of the shade stems.
The moisture content of the shade stem was determined at a distance of every 10 cm in height and their average values were calculated and recorded in tabular form (Table 1).
Table 1
Moisture of cuttings of cotton stems every 10 cm in height
Indicator In the section of cuttings by height, cm
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Humidity, % 27,4 26,2 25,7 22,3 19,2 16,9 11,7 6,9 2,3 0,0
Based on the values given in Table 1, a graph of the change in the average humidity of the cuttings on the height of the moisture content of the shade stem was constructed (Fig. 2).
As can be seen from Figure 2, the moisture content of the shade stem decreases as its height increases. When the height reaches 90 cm, its humidity drops to zero percent. A similar situation was observed at the last 10 cm distance when the height of the shadow stems in the
experiment was greater than 90 cm. Graphic analysis shows that the moisture content of the shadow stem is related to its height by the law of the convex parabola.
Figure 2. Graph of change in average humidity of shade stalk cuttings by height
In our research, we have to clarify the concept of the shadow stem. The stem of the shadow, i.e. without the side branches, is actually understood to be the upper part of the root collar. However, the distance from the root collar to the top is 4-6 cm in the soil. In our study, we assumed a stem, starting at a point 3 cm above the root collar. This is because the gear roller is planning to conduct research, assuming a tooth height of 3-5 cm.
1-electron scales; 2- device for measuring hardness in cutting; 3-wheel reducer; 4-manual rotation handle; 5-data transmission device; 6-data receiving equipment (computer)
Figure 3. A device that measures the force expended when cutting shadow stems
The strength of the shadow stem decreases as its diameter rises above the neck. Because the longitudinal fibers in the throat are relatively thick and pliable, a decrease in these values was observed at the tip of the stem. The change in stem strength was detected when the blade thickness was 2.5 mm and the blade was sharpened and the moisture content of the shadow stem was 14% by binding to the diameter in the force determination tool used to cut the shadow stems in Figure 4, the results are shown graphically in Figure 4.
Figure 4. The change in stiffness of the shadow stem depending on the diameter (D)
From the graphical analysis in Figure 4, it can be seen that as the diameter of the shadow stem increases, its shear resistance increases. The stiffness of the shadow stem shows that it depends on the diameter in the form of a sunken parabola.
As the specific resistance of the soil is determined, it is possible to determine this indicator of shade stem as well as thick stem plants. To do this, it is necessary to determine the amount of force R used to cut the shadow stem. This power is determined using the equipment shown in Figure 3 above.
The relationship between the shear diameter, specific resistance and power dissipated of the shadow stem can be expressed as follows
P = kS = kxR2 where k - specific shear resistance of the shade stem, N/m2;
R - radius of the cut cross-sectional surface of the shadow stem, m.
Analysis of this expression and the results obtained from experimental studies show that the relative resistance of the shadow stem to shear depends on the sharpening angle of the blade and the thickness of the blade, and the relationship between them (Fig. 5).
( S \
/ = 2 arc tg — (2)
V 2n j
where S - thickness of the blade, m;
P - sharpening angle of the knife blade, degrees.
Figure 5. Scheme for expressing the relative resistance of the shadow stem to shear
In addition to the above, the relative shear resistance of a shade stalk depends on its physical and mechanical properties, including moisture and height, and how far it is cut.
To theoretically substantiate the width of the transmission line and the performance of the device, it is necessary to know the density of the legume shade stems. Based on this, experiments were conducted to study the density of soybean stems of Oyjamol sort.
The density of legume shade stems was determined using the following formula.
mc
Pc =— (3)
c w
where mc - the mass of leguminous stems, kg; W - volume of leguminous stems, m3.
Table 2 shows the results of determining the density of legume soybean stems.
Table 2
The result of determining the density of legume shade stems
№ Indicator Name Density, kg/m3
Pmin Pmax P avr
1 Legume soybean stems 81,5 92,3 85,6
The results shown in the table show that the density of legume soybean stems averaged 85.6 kg/m3 when the maximum value was 92.3 kg/m3 and the minimum value was 81.5 kg/m3.
The result of determining the density of legume shade stems can be used to theoretically substantiate the performance of the device and to establish other laws of the technological process. Based on the physical and mechanical properties of leguminous stems, their transmission is provided by a continuous descent from the sloping part of the tray to the vertical part, when the angle of inclination of its sloping part relative to the horizontal plane is greater than 33-35 In order to expel the soybean seeds separated from the pods, based on their physical and mechanical properties, a porous cylinder mounted on the bottom of the porous cylinder is obtained when the diameter of the eyes is greater than 9.8 mm.
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