CC BY
0
УДК 355::551.5
Popov V.V.,
Candidate of geographical sciences, docent,
Air Force Academy, Voronezh, RF
MODERNIZATION OF THE AIRPORT METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION MEASURING COMPLEX
Annotation
The main ways of improving meteorological support are presented within the framework of a single information space of meteorological organizations.
Key words:
meteorological parameters, meteorological equipment, measuring instruments.
Introduction
An analysis of the experience of creating and developing automated meteorological information and measurement systems showed that, in accordance with modern requirements for improving the efficiency of information support for meteorological control processes, one of the areas for improving meteorological support is the development of automated systems for collecting, storing, processing, distributing and presenting specialized meteorological information.
Installation experience and feedback on the operation of existing automation tools used to observe meteorological conditions have shown that the systems in operation have the following significant drawbacks:
• low mutual integration;
• poor scalability of already installed equipment;
• insufficient flexibility and modularity of existing systems.
Directions for the modernization of automated meteorological information and measurement systems
Modernization of this system requires solving a number of tasks:
• improvement of technical and operational characteristics;
• improving the reliability and manufacturability of components;
• inclusion of additional measuring systems;
• unification of components;
• reduce the cost of the product.
The upgraded system is a multifunctional specialized complex, which consists of a set of technical means and auxiliary equipment placed indoors and outdoors for the prompt performance of meteorological measurements in the interests of meteorological support at airports, heliports and meteorological sites. The presence of such a system at the airport in full will ensure the fulfillment of the requirements in terms of:
- calculation of meteorological parameters (maximum and minimum air temperature, reduced pressure,
etc.);
- the possibility of manual input (adjustment) of the measured values of meteorological parameters and automatically determined phenomena, as well as the possibility of manual input of parameters of the state of the atmosphere, determined visually (weather phenomena, form and amount of cloudiness, etc.);
- protection against erroneous actions of the operator (control of the reliability of the entered parameters);
- light (highlighting the value with color) and sound alarms, as well as automatic registration of the occurrence (intensification) and termination (weakening) of phenomena, the results of measurements (calculations) of the values of the parameters of the state of the atmosphere (threshold values, fulfillment of storm criteria, etc.);
- automatic and automated (with the participation of the operator) generation of meteorological telegrams for external consumers of meteorological information;
- automated filling of the electronic weather diary;
- automatic plotting with the ability to adjust the sampling range of displayed values. At the same time, it is proposed to discuss the feasibility of constructing a linear graph of wind direction near the earth's surface;
- current and backup storage of measurement results with a backup storage time of at least 60 days, an audit log of operator actions and a weather diary with the ability to copy current archive data to a removable drive, as well as duplication of archive data to a backup storage device, access to which is limited;
- printing of generated information.
First of all, in order to meet the requirements of the governing documents for all measuring instruments that are part of the upgraded system, the tasks are to improve the metrological and operational characteristics, increase the reliability and manufacturability of production, as well as reduce dependence on imported components.
The results of the operation of the rainfall meter showed the reliability and ease of maintenance of the design, however, the design of the sensor has a number of minor drawbacks. Based on these data, the following upgrade paths are proposed:
- introduce additional local heating of the rocker arm area to prevent ice buildup on the rocker arm and to prevent jamming of the rocker arm;
- conduct heating of openings (tubes) to discharge water and prevent the formation of icicles;
- consider the possibility of developing an additional mesh (filter) to be installed inside the receiving bowl to protect against tree leaves and other debris.
In the course of the study, it is proposed to consider the issue of upgrading the lightning direction finder, including in order to ensure compliance with modern WMO requirements [1-3] in terms of bearing assessment and discharge removal. When upgrading the lightning direction finder, it is proposed to pay attention to the solution of the following issues:
- increase the sensitivity of antennas in the required frequency spectrum in order to expand the possibilities for further software signal processing;
- to improve the filtering algorithms for parasitic components of the analyzed signals, including to study the technical feasibility of implementing the "training" function of the lightning direction finder, when the operator notes false positives in order to prevent false positives in the future;
- improve the functions of the built-in control of functioning, in particular, the introduction of a built-in discharge simulator and indication of the level of parasitic noise, which will allow you to quickly assess the quality of grounding and / or "success" of the chosen installation site of the lightning direction finder on site;
- to work out the issues of developing a methodology and conducting research on a lightning direction finder being developed in order to quantify the efficiency of detecting discharges.
It is proposed to study the possibility of developing a training complex that will allow, using measuring channel simulators, to simulate various modes of operation in order to ensure the possibility of training personnel in educational centers.
Conclusion
In general, when modernizing the complex, it is necessary to ensure:
- improvement of metrological characteristics of measuring instruments for meteorological quantities;
- increasing the reliability of the system and its components;
- improving the quality and degree of automation of observations through the introduction of additional meters and indicators;
- unification of the components of measuring instruments or indicators;
- increasing the flexibility of the structure of the complex to meet the needs of the organizations, taking into account the features of the existing infrastructure.
Thus, the main directions of development and improvement of automated meteorological information-measuring systems are.
Unification of measuring instruments, central devices and protocols for the exchange and transmission of meteorological information.
Interfacing with automated workstations or operator-engineer complexes.
Development of modular system architecture.
References
1. Commission on Instruments and Methods of Observation. Sixteenth session. St. Petersburg. 10-16 July 2014 Abridged Final Report with Resolutions and Recommendations, WMO. - No. 1138.
2. Guide to Meteorological Observing and Information Dissemination Systems for Meteorological Services for Aviation. WMO. - No. 731, Edition 2014.
© Popov V.V., 2023
УДК 62
Квашнин А.Б.
канд. техн. наук, ФГБУ ВНИИ ГОЧС (ФЦ), г. Москва, РФ Макаров В.И. младший научный сотрудник ФГБУ ВНИИ ГОЧС (ФЦ), г. Москва, РФ
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ЭЛЕКТРОКРЕКИНГА ДЛЯ УТИЛИЗАЦИИ ОТХОДОВ НЕФТЯНОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ
Аннотация
В статье рассмотрены вопросы использования установки по исследованию эффективности применения электрокрекинга для утилизации нефтеотходов. Рассмотрены преимущества установки с целью её дальнейшего применения в структуре МЧС России.
Ключевые слова Электрокрекинг, нефтеотходы, метод, установка.
Kvashnin A.B.
Candidate of Technical Sciences FSBI VNII GOChS (FC), Moscow, Russia Makarov V.I.
Junior Researcher FSBI VNII GOChS (FC),
Moscow, Russia
THE USE OF ELECTROCRACKING FOR THE DISPOSAL OF WASTE OF PETROLEUM ORIGIN
Annotation
The article discusses the issues of using an installation to study the effectiveness of the use of
