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MODELS OF SOCIAL WORK FOR VULNERABLE GROUPS IN THE COMMUNITY IN DA NANG CITY, VIETNAM Ha Van Hoang
Ha Van Hoang - Doctor of Sociological Sciences, Lecturer, FACULTY OF PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY OF DANANG, UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE, DANANG, SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Abstract: vulnerable groups are those who suffer many disadvantages in society. Therefore, it is extremely important to strengthen their capacity and support them to integrate into the community. The study introduces an overview of social work models in supporting vulnerable groups in the community in Da Nang city, Vietnam. Through the method of document analysis, the research results show that the models of social work to support vulnerable people in the community have brought many practical effects. The study also proposes some recommendations to improve the model of social work in supporting vulnerable groups in the community in Da Nang city, Vietnam. Keywords: vulnerable groups, social work, model of social work, model of social work for vulnerable groups, Vietnam.
МОДЕЛИ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ ДЛЯ УЯЗВИМЫХ ГРУПП В СООБЩЕСТВЕ В ГОРОДЕ ДАНАНГ, ВЬЕТНАМ Ха Ван Хоанг
Ха Ван Хоанг - доктор социологических наук, преподаватель, факультет психологии и образования, Университет Дананга, Университет образования и науки, г. Дананг, Социалистическая Республика Вьетнам
Аннотация: уязвимые группы - это те, кто страдает от многих неблагоприятных условий в обществе. Поэтому крайне важно укреплять их потенциал и поддерживать их интеграцию в общество. В исследовании представлен обзор моделей социальной работы по поддержке уязвимых групп населения в городе Дананг, Вьетнам. Методом анализа документов результаты исследования показывают, что модели социальной работы по поддержке уязвимых людей в сообществе принесли много практических эффектов. В исследовании также предлагаются некоторые рекомендации по улучшению модели социальной работы по поддержке уязвимых групп населения в городе Дананг, Вьетнам.
Ключевые слова: уязвимые группы, социальная работа, модель социальной работы, модель социальной работы для уязвимых групп, Вьетнам.
UDC 316.014
1. Introduction
Vulnerable people group is a term used to refer to communities or groups of people whose political, economic or social status is lower than the majority, which puts them at higher risk of being neglected or having their rights violated. Therefore, they need special attention and protection compared to other groups and communities [1]. According to international human rights law, vulnerable groups include: People with disabilities, children, women, the elderly, people living with HIV, migrants, stateless people, and workers. migrant workers, minorities, war victims, people deprived of their liberty [3]. As a result, vulnerable social groups face many difficulties, inadequacies and challenges in life and adaptability, as well as shortfalls in life experience, health and income ability. Meanwhile, adaptation is a condition that helps people overcome difficulties and obstacles, integrate and effectively exist with the living environment [7].
Vulnerable groups in Vietnam are facing certain difficulties both in meeting basic needs as well as accessing resources and social services. To help vulnerable groups of people overcome their disabilities, thereby integrating into the community and developing, accessing social work services and building models Social work plays an important role. Accordingly, with the nature of aiming to help people in life, especially those in disadvantaged or vulnerable groups, through interventions based on psychological perspective or intervention models. From individuals, to groups and communities, social work plays an important role in social life [5]. Therefore, the integration of social work services for vulnerable groups in social work models is a problem that requires policy makers as well as work service providers society [2].
Da Nang is one of the cities interested in ensuring social security and this work is considered a driving force for the city's sustainable development. In particular, the city also focuses on accessing social services for vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, single women, people with disabilities, etc. According to statistics of the Department of Labor - Invalids and Social Affairs, by 2021, the whole city of Da Nang has 32,890 beneficiaries of social protection policy subsidies [4]. Most of these subjects are vulnerable people. In addition to providing financial support according to state regulations, the city pays special attention to the care and nurturing of vulnerable people and has issued many support policies, especially models of social work support in the community for these subjects, in order to contribute to strengthening their capacity and improving their material and spiritual life.
The study describes the models of social work to support vulnerable people in the community as well as evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of these models in Da Nang city, Vietnam.
2. Methodology
The main research method used in this work is the document analysis method. Accordingly, the study will conduct a review of documents that are reports of state management agencies (Da Nang Social Work Service Provider Center, Vietnam) on social work models in supporting vulnerable groups in the community. From there, the study analyzes, synthesizes, evaluates, and systematizes the model of social work in supporting vulnerable groups in the community in Da Nang city and draws necessary conclusions.
3. Research results and discussion
3.1. Model of building "commune/ward doing good social work"
* Purpose:
- The work of assisting disadvantaged groups in the community is carried out in the direction of professional social work. Gradually improve the role of social work profession in receiving and connecting support;
- All people belonging to disadvantaged groups will be assessed and mobilized resources to solve problems and appropriately meet support needs.
- Increasing awareness and capacity building for staff to implement the model in helping people.
* Beneficiaries:
Model deployed with the participation of 03 communes: Hoa Nhon, Hoa Khuong, Hoa Phong and 3 wards: Hoa Cuong Bac, Thuan Phuoc and Hai Chau 2. In addition, with the companionship of the Department of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs of Hai Chau district and Hoa Vang district in the operation of the model, the target audience includes:
- The disadvantaged groups include children with special circumstances; people with disabilities and people in need of assistance;
- Social worke, social work staff/collaborators and Youth Union officials from 6 wards and communes deploy the model.
* Social work activities:
- Emergency intervention for abused and violent children;
- Managing children with special circumstances;
- Consulting, connecting and assisting people with disabilities;
- Supporting single women with economic difficulties during pregnancy and childbirth;
- Retirement of cases in need of social service assistance;
- Technical support for case management for the Child Protection system of communes and wards.
- Workshop on cases of children with special circumstances who need intervention and support [6].
In general, this model has covered quite a lot of vulnerable groups and basic social work service activities. Moreover, the method of social work is quite diverse, especially the method of individual social work.
This model has also mobilized community forces to participate in social work support for vulnerable groups in the localities, in addition to the core professional support of social workers.
3.2. Community-based child respite care model
* Purpose:
Mobilizing the participation of the society, especially the family and the community in caring and assisting children with extremely difficult circumstances to stabilize their lives, have the opportunity to exercise children's rights and live in harmony. enter the community in accordance with the law; develop community-based forms of alternative care for children with extremely difficult circumstances; step by step narrow the gap in living standards between children in extremely difficult circumstances and normal children in their places of residence.
* Beneficiaries:
- Children without a source of nourishment (Orphans of both parents; Abandoned without any one to be adopted; Orphans of one parent and the other missing according to the provisions of law; Orphaned father or mother; and the other is enjoying the care and nurturing regime at social protection establishments or social houses; orphans of one
parent and the other is serving prison sentences in prisons or is serving decision on handling of administrative violations at reformatory, compulsory education institution, compulsory detoxification establishment; Both parents are missing as prescribed by law; Both parents are enjoying the care regime , raised at social protection establishments, social houses; Both parents are serving prison sentences in prisons or are serving decisions on handling of administrative violations at reform schools or establishments compulsory education, compulsory detoxification establishment; One parent is missing as prescribed by law and the other person is enjoying the care and nurturing regime at a social protection establishment or social house; If the mother is missing as prescribed by law and the other is serving a prison sentence at a prison or is serving a decision on handling of administrative violations at a reformatory or compulsory education institution, compulsory detoxification establishments; The parent is currently enjoying the care and nurturing regime at a social protection establishment or social house and the other parent is serving a prison sentence at a prison or is serving a decision on handling of an administrative violation. at reformatory schools, compulsory education establishments, compulsory detoxification establishments); Children infected with HIV/AIDS, children who are victims of toxic chemicals, children with severe disabilities, and children affected by natural or community-based disasters who are in respite care or in need of a family. families and individuals provide respite care;
- Individuals and families who need to receive respite care.
* Specific activities:
- Raising awareness of the community about alternative care activities for children with special difficulties and other activities to take care of children with special difficulties are being carried out through the following activities: community consultation, topical chat
- Capacity building training for social workers in sectors, localities, political and social groups on child care and nurturing in the community, social work with children
- Surveying and comprehensively assessing the needs of families that are adopting children with special circumstances in the city for a term. Thereby, providing timely support for adoption funds with a term for families, individuals and caregivers in accordance with the purposes and requirements of the model.
- Open files and manage cases of children with special circumstances being cared for in the community
- Connect to support other resources; Free consultation, counseling, life skills training for children who receive child care and foster care
- Training to improve child care skills and knowledge for individuals and families receiving child care in the community [6].
This model is mainly aimed at children with extremely difficult circumstances and their foster families. Moreover, this model is not only aimed at building capacity for children with special difficulties, but also aims to cover the entire community. In addition to the individual social work method (case management) for children with extremely difficult circumstances, this model has also paid attention to improving the capacity of the community in caring and nurturing children.
3.3. Independent living model for children with intellectual disabilities
* Purpose
- Create opportunities for many children with mental retardation, after finishing classes at special schools, have the opportunity to develop their own capacity, have necessary vocational and life skills to integrate into the community. copper.
- Mobilizing the participation of families, contributing to reducing the burden on the investment budget in the care and nurturing of children with disabilities.
* Beneficiaries:
- Children with mental retardation
- Parents of young children with mental retardation
* Specific activities:
- Support training and capacity building for families in guiding skills for children with disabilities in their own families, and at the same time, the Center for Social Work will guide and supervise the implementation model in schools. family;
- Equipping children with skills, specifically:
+ The children were taught the skills of threading beads, making flowers, tearing and pasting pictures, coloring, making handmade products...;
+ Guide the children to cook according to the daily menu;
+ Cultural activities, singing, dancing, dancing...;
- Equipping children with knowledge and skills to protect themselves from invasive violence, education on gender knowledge, communication skills...;
- Mobilizing and connecting organizations and individuals to buy children's products, generate income to maintain and develop the model and at the same time improve income for children who can afford them. [6].
This is one of the specific models for children with intellectual disabilities with diverse activities from the formation and development of self-help skills necessary for children's life to skills for children with disabilities for the family taking care of this child.
3.4. The model of the HANH PHUC Assembly Hall
* Purpose
- Create a friendly environment, to organize exchanges, share experiences and build capacity for parents on basic knowledge and skills such as parenting skills, skills in using positive discipline. , emotion management skills, release negative emotions as well as accompany children in the online environment;
- Having a fixed location to hold seminars on cyber safety for parents and children in a friendly way, helping to relieve the emotions of attendees; especially, this is also a place to support team clubs to organize activities related to children and young people;
- As the basis for the Danang of Center for Social Work Service to organize activities to support the community with income in accordance with the professional orientation of the social work profession in Vietnam after the project ends.
- As a venue for support, intervention and rehabilitation activities for women/children who are victims of gender-based violence.
* Beneficiaries
- Groups of parents, children and adolescents in Da Nang city
- Groups of children and young people with special circumstances in the project area
- Core groups of children and young people in the project area
- Women/children who are victims of gender-based violence.
- Individuals and organizations wishing to participate in the activities of the Club
* Specific activities:
- Regular activities on every Saturday night with 2 groups of activities:
+ Exchange, share experiences and improve the capacity of parents in basic knowledge and skills such as parenting skills, positive discipline skills, emotion management skills, emotional release. negative emotions as well as accompanying children in the online environment.
+ Training for children at activities on children's rights, life values, life skills, safe internet use.
- Organizing Gala activities at the end of the month, cooking with the theme of Keeping the fire of love, preparing drinks to purify the body together for parents and children, exchanging between parents and children
- Connecting with psychologists, therapists, lecturers of the Faculty of Psychology and Education of Da Nang University of Education and Science to establish a core group of speakers to act as reporters and chair the activities of the Club.
- Mobilizing the participation of therapists in the fields of piloting modern therapies for mental disorders such as psychological counseling, music therapy, yoga therapy, painting therapy... [6].
This is considered an integrated model with diverse and rich social work activities. In particular, this model has aimed to cover the whole society on current urgent issues for children and emphasizes children with special circumstances as well as their parents.
4. Conclusion
On the basis of analysis and evaluation of social work models for vulnerable groups in the community in Da Nang city, Vietnam, the study has some conclusions as follows:
The models have contributed to active and effective support for vulnerable groups with relatively wide coverage, with special emphasis on children with special circumstances.
The social work models for vulnerable groups in the community in Da Nang city, Vietnam are operated with a clear and tight structure and quite diverse, rich and attractive activities. not only the participants themselves but also with their relatives, thereby contributing to sustainable capacity building for vulnerable groups.
Social work models for vulnerable groups in the community in Da Nang city, Vietnam have built a process of social work intervention according to specific methods of the social work profession since from the individual social work approach to the group social work approach, and in particular, is fully involved in the community.
However, in order for social work models with vulnerable groups in the community in Da Nang city, Vietnam to be more effective, the study proposes some recommendations as follows:
- The People's Committee of Da Nang City continues to invest in equipment, infrastructure and facilities as well as finance the Center for Social Work Service to operate the models and provide better services. social work services for people in general and vulnerable groups in particular.
- Mobilizing community resources, NGOs continue to invest and maintain social work models with vulnerable groups in the community that have been built and accelerate the transfer to other localities. commune/ward level.
- Continuously provide professional training for professional social workers and collaborators to improve the operational efficiency of the social work model with vulnerable groups in the community. .
- The Center for providing social work services in Da Nang city promotes coordination with the People's Committees of districts, communes and wards in improving the quality of services, deploying and replicating the model. social work with vulnerable groups in the community.
References /Список литературы
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3. Phan Thi Hau (2017). Vai tro cua Nha nuac trong viec bao ve quyen cua nhung nguoi thuoc nhom de bi ton thuang д Viet Nam hien nay, Luan van Thac si.
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6. Trung tam cung cap dich vu cong tac xa hoi thanh pho Da Nang. [Electronic Resource]. URL: https://ctxhdanang.vn/ (date of access: 03.06.2022).
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