CC BY
7
УДК 581.96
Nurmatova N.N. Andijan state medical Institute Teacher of the department of social and humanitarian sciences
Uzbekistan, the city of Andijan
Нурматова Н.Н. преподаватель кафедра «Социально-гуманитарных наук» Андижанский государственный медицинский институт
Узбекистан, г. Андижан MIRZO ULUGBEK AS A STATE ACTOR AND A SCIENTIST
Annotation: In this scientific article the life activity of the great scientist-encyclopaedist and mentor Mirza Ulugbek is considered.
Keywords: education, logic, astronomy, mathematics, sextant
Аннотация: В этой научной статье рассматривается жизнедеятельность великого ученого-энциклопедиста и наставника Мирза Улугбека.
Ключевые слова: образование, логика, астрономия, математика, секстант
Mirzo Muhammad ibn Shahrukh ibn Timur Ulugbek Guragan (1394-1449) is an outstanding figure of his time, a great scientist, famous mathematician and astronomer, grandson of the ruler of Maweraunnahr, Amir Timur, a famous statesman. He was born in Sultaniya on March 22, 1394. In 1409 he was appointed governor of Samarkand, from 1447 he led the dynasty of the Timurids after the death of his father, the eldest son of Amir Timur, Shahrukh.
In his youth Ulugbek spent a lot of time in the library, assembled by his grandfather and father, which contributed to the development of his horizons. He received a good education, he knew the theory of literary styles, an exceptional memory allowed him to master Arabic and Persian languages, to study Turkic poetry. He had the best teachers of that time, outstanding scientists, among whom was Kazizade Rumi, a teacher and a famous scientist of the favorite disciplines of Ulugbek - astronomy and mathematics.
In the first half of the 15 th century Samarkand became one of the world's scientific centers. A school of science has been established here that brought together the best astronomers and mathematicians of the Middle Ages - Ali Kushchi, Giyasiddin Jamshid Kashi, Kazimzade Rumi.
In Samarkand in 1417-1420 Ulugbek built a madrasah, the first of the buildings of the architectural ensemble Registan, in which the best mathematicians and astronomers of the Islamic world were invited. Two other madrasahs were created in Gijuvan and in Bukhara, where the inscription "Striving for knowledge is the duty of every Muslim and Muslim woman" is preserved on the madrasah portal.
Ulugbek's love for astronomy determined the cause of his entire life, the
creation of a unique structure, an observatory, the construction of which, according to researchers, was completed in 1428-1429, at the foot of Kuhak Hill.
The main instrument - a sextant, oriented from the south to the north along the meridian line - was built in the observatory. His successful design made it possible to conduct accurate astronomical observations. Thirty years of astronomical observations were reflected in the main work of Ulugbek "Ziji Jadidi Guragani", which was completed by 1444. The work of Zidzh Ulugbek consists of four parts. In the first part, the methods of the chronology of various peoples are set out, in the second, questions from practical astronomy are described, in the third part we are talking about the motions of celestial bodies and the fourth part is devoted to astrology as a tribute to science. In this catalog, 1018 stars were indicated with high accuracy, which made a great contribution to world astronomy. Only in the XVII century. Accuracy tables Ulugbek was able to surpass the scientist Tycho Brahe. This work serves as a compass for scientists -astronomers and historians, dealing with ancient chronology. The tables of Ulugbek, before the invention of the telescope, were the highest step in the astronomy of the Middle Ages.
Also at this observatory, scientists calculated the duration of the stellar year and the inclination of the ecliptic to the equator, and determined the value of the sine of one degree, to within the eighteenth sign.
Ulugbek calculated the length of the astronomical year, which was 365 days 6 hours 10 minutes 8 seconds in 1437. Later it was revealed that the error in his calculations was only 58 seconds.
Spending most of their time studying and observing in the observatory, Ulugbek had little time for state affairs, he was a weak commander. Abullatif, the eldest son of Ulugbek, was influenced by radical clergy and declared war on his father. At the suggestion of his son Ulugbek went to Mecca for a pilgrimage. By decision of the Sharia court, on the way to Mecca, he was treacherously murdered.After the death of Ulugbek, the reactionary clergy provoked a pogrom of the brainchild of the scientist, his observatory. The scientists of the center of science were dispersed, the richest library was plundered and the building was plundered. By the end of the XVII century, nothing remained from the observatory.
Thanks to the dedication of Ali Kushchi, a loyal pupil of Ulugbek, who was forced to leave Samarkand after the death of the great scientist, the star book "Ziji Guragan" was taken to Europe. Due to this work and the name of Ulugbek became known among scientists of Asia and Europe. This work was translated into Latin, and in all the observatories of Europe he was an astronomy manual along with the works of other outstanding scientists.
The great scientist Ulugbek made a great contribution to the development of the entire civilization of mankind and science.
Used sources:
1. «Улуг-бег (Улугбек) Мухаммед Тагай (1394—1449) — среднеазиатский гос. деятель, просветитель, астроном, математик и поэт. Внук Тимура. С
1409 г. — правитель Самарканда.» — Самойлович А. Н. Избранные труды о Крыме. — Симферополь: Доля, 2000. — С. 220
2. «Улугбек, средне-азиатский правитель и астроном (1394—1449), сын шаха Шахруха.» — Очерки истории распространения исламской цивилизации. — М.: РОССПЭН, 2002. — С. 627
3. «Улугбек Мухаммед Тарагай (23.03.1394, ок г. Султанин — 27.10.1449) великий ср. азиат. астроном, математик. Внук Тимура. В 1409—40 — правил Самаркандом, владел обширными землями на терр. Ср. Азии и Казахстана.» — Улугбек Мухаммед Тарагай // Казахская ССР: 4-томная краткая энциклопедия. Т. 3. / Гл. ред. М. К. Козыбаев. — Алма-Ата: Главная редакция Казахской советской энциклопедии, 1989. — С. 490
УДК 316
O'raqova O.J. Andijan state medical Institute Teacher of the department of social and humanitarian sciences
Uzbekistan, the city of Andijan
Уракова О.Ж. преподаватель кафедра «Социально-гуманитарных науки» Андижанский государственный медицинский институт
Узбекистан, г. Андижан
THE PLACE OF THE JADIDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE UZBEK
EDUCATION
Annotation: This article deals with the place of Jadids in the development of Uzbek education
Keywords: jadid, reform, education, socio-political problems, idea of struggle
МЕСТО ДЖАДИДОВ В РАЗВИТИИ УЗБЕКСКОГО ПРОСВЕЩЕНИЯ
Аннотация: В данной научной статье рассмотрены место джадидов в развитии узбекского просвещения
Ключевые слова: джадид, реформа, образование, социально-политические проблемы, идея борьбы
An important place in the development of Uzbek enlightenment is occupied by the ideologists of the local elite, the Jadids, who represent the progressive part of the intelligentsia. They advocated the reform of old-school schools, innovations in everyday life and culture. Jadids sought to radically transform the school system, but relied on the religious nature of teaching, i.e. The innovations practically concerned only the method of instruction.
The leader of the local Jadids, M. Behbudi, wrote: "We must reform the schools based on modern culture, workshops and everything that preserves the old
