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ТАКОМИЛЛАШТИРИШНИНГ АДАМИЯТИ //Научное знание современности. - 2017. - №. 4. - С. 165-168.
УДК 001:52(575)
Sodikova Z.A.
Teacherof English at the Olmazor College of Light Industry
Uzbekistan, Tashkent city MIRZA ULUGBEK IS A GREAT UZBEK THINKER
Abstract: This article examines the life and work of Mirzo Ulugbek.
Keywords: astronomer, mathematics, science, culture, education
Содикова З.А. преподаватель английского языка Колледж Олмазора легкой промышленности
Узбекистан, г. Ташкент МИРЗА УЛУГБЕК - ВЕЛИКИЙ УЗБЕКСКИЙ МЫСЛИТЕЛЬ
Аннотация: В этой статье рассматривается жизнь и творчество Мирзо Улугбека.
Ключевые слова: астроном, математика, наука, культура, образования
Mirza Muhammed Ibn Shahrukh Ibn Timur Ulugbek Guragan (1394-1449) is a great Uzbek astronomer and mathematician, patron of sciences, grandson of the famous Central Asian commander and conqueror Amir Temur.
Muhammad Taragay was born on March 22, 1394. in military transport during one of the military campaigns of the famous grandfather. The father of the boy was the son of the famous Tamerlan - Shahruh, and the mother - Gaukharshad Begim, the daughter of one of the representatives of the Turkic tribal aristocracy. Muhammad was a coveted child, his grandmother, Amir Temur's eldest wife, Saray Mulk-hanym, was engaged in his upbringing and education, which attracted the grandson of the famous poet and scholar of his time Arif Azari
From a young age, Mohammed showed interest in knowledge - he was fond of natural sciences, the history of music and poetry, he possessed an extraordinary memory. A huge role in his enthusiasm was played by reading ancient folios from his father's huge library.
In 1405 the famous grandfather died, and between the successors of the dynasty a war broke out over his vast possessions, which lasted almost five years. By 1409, in the battle for the legacy, Shahruh reconquered a large part of Maverannahr with his capital in Samarkand, but he did not rule himself and retired to Herat, and the capital was administered by his eldest son Muhammad, who at that time carried the nickname Ulugbek (The Great Bek). So at the age of fifteen, the care for the great empire of his grandfather fell on the young tsarevich.
However, Ulugbek did not follow in the footsteps of his warlike ancestor and did not continue his aggressive campaigns. All his energy, wealth and
influence he directed to the development of science, culture and education in his native country. This was, to a large extent, facilitated by his close contact with the famous mathematicians and astronomers of the time, Giyas-ad-din al-Kashi and Kazy-zade ar-Rumi.
According to contemporaries, Ulugbek himself was a very talented scientist. "In geometry, he was like Euclid, and in astronomy - Ptolemy" - so wrote about him medieval authors. Even making a discount on court flattery, of course, you understand that the man was extremely gifted.
As an enlightened ruler, Ulugbek universally built schools - madrassas, tried to attract to science not only Muslim men, but also Muslim women. He himself gave lectures on astronomy and even attracted outstanding foreign astronomers of that time to Samarkand and with their help built (in about 1430) the capital in the capital the best, at that time, observatory.
It was a huge cylindrical tower, 30 m high and 48 m in diameter, which housed a grandiose gauging sextant, with a radius of 40 m and an arc of 60 This tool made it possible to measure the location of objects in the celestial sphere, with a record accuracy for that time-an error of not more than one minute of the arc.
Studies Samarkand astronomers under the leadership of Ulugbek lasted for 30 years and the apotheosis of their work became the so-called "New Hurrican Table", completed by 1437. This work contained the theoretical basis of astronomy, as a science, as well as the exact coordinates of more than 1000 stars.
This catalog has gained immense popularity in Europe and around the world, it was published in Oxford (1665), China and India.
But the scientific and educational activities of the ruler went against the dogmas of the Muslim clergy, and in 1449 Ulugbek was traitorously killed, and the brainchild of his whole life - the astronomical observatory completely destroyed.
Mirza Muhammad ibn Shahrukh ibn Timur Ulugbek Guragan is buried in the family burial vault of Timurids - Gur-Emir in Samarkand.
Used sources:
1. «Улугбег (Улугбек) Мухаммед Тагай (1394—1449) — среднеазиатский гос. деятель, просветитель, астроном, математик и поэт. Внук Тимура. С 1409 г. — правитель Самарканда.» — Самойлович А. Н. Избранные труды о Крыме. — Симферополь: Доля, 2000. — С. 220
2. «Улугбек, средне-азиатский правитель и астроном (1394—1449), сын шаха Шахруха.» — Очерки истории распространения исламской цивилизации. — М.:РОССПЭН, 2002. — С. 627
