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СОЦИАЛЬНО-ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ
C«D]
REVIEW PAPER
https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2020-4-11 UDC: 314.7
Natalia P. Neklyudovaa), Olga O. Sekicki-Pavlenkob)
a b) Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation a) Liberal Arts University, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation a) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5026-1394, e-mail: [email protected]
b) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1370-8724
Migration Studies in Russia: A Literature Review1
Starting from the late 20th century, the modern era is called the «era of migration» thereby emphasising the important role of migration processes in world development. Russian regions active participants in the migration exchange and the largest centres of both immigration and emigration. Accordingly, among Russian researchers population migration is considered a relevant and acute issue. The article aims to review scientific research in the field of population migration conducted in Russia from 2000 to 2019. The theoretical framework of the research includes publications covering the topic of modern migration processes. The practical basis is articles published on the website elibrary.ru. The study was conducted using bibliomet-ric analysis, which is one of the most useful tools for studying the information flow. The total sample size was 18,174 scientific articles. We revealed that most of the publications (36 %) belong to the field of economics and economic sciences. The dynamics of publication activity on migration demonstrated an upward trend. The number of articles in the period 2000-2019 increased by 27 times. The leaders in the number of publications on migration topics are the journals «Migration Law» (245 articles) and «Journal of Economy and Entrepreneurship» (173 publications). Among scientific organisations, the undisputed leader in this list is the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, which published 637 works on migration in total, and Moscow State University with 572 papers. S. V. Ryazantsev presented the largest number of publications in the examined period. The results of this study can be used to improve the information support of specialists involved in studying population migration and strengthen scientific communication between researchers in various fields.
Keywords: population migration, migration studies, eLIBRARY, scientific journal, article, publication, information flow, bibliometric analysis, scientometrics, publication impact
Acknowledgments
The article has been prepared with the support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the project No. 19-110-50314.
For citation: Neklyudova, N. P. & Sekicki-Pavlenko, O. O. (2020). Migration Studies in Russia: A Literature Review. Ekonomika regiona [Economy of region], 16(4), 1162-1177, https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2020-4-11
1 © Neklyudova N. P., Sekicki-Pavlenko O. O.
ОБЗОРНАЯ СТАТЬЯ
Н. П. Неклюдоваа), О. О. Секицки-Павленко б)
а б) Институт экономики УрО РАН, Екатеринбург, Российская Федерация а) гуманитарный университет, Екатеринбург, Российская Федерация а) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5026-1394, e-mail: [email protected]
б) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1370-8724
Миграционные исследования в России: обзор научной литературы
Современную эпоху, начиная с последней четверти XX в., называют «эрой миграции», подчеркивая тем самым особо важную роль, которую приобрели миграционные процессы в мировом развитии. Российские регионы являются активными участниками миграционного обмена и крупнейшими центрами как иммиграции, так и эмиграции. Соответственно, миграция населения является одной из наиболее актуальных и злободневных исследовательских тем среди российских исследователей. Основной целью статьи является обзор научных исследований в области миграции населения, проводившихся в России в период с 2000 г. по 2019 г. Теоретической базой исследования послужили публикации, освещающие изучение современных миграционных процессов. Практическую базу составили научные статьи, размещенные на платформе eLibrary.ru. Исследование проводилось с помощью библиометрического анализа как одного из наиболее универсальных инструментов изучения информационных потоков. Общий объем выборки составил 18174 научных статьи. Выявлено, что большая часть публикаций, а именно 36 %, относится к «экономике и экономическим наукам». Динамика публикационной активности по теме «миграция» характеризуется ярко выраженным ростом. Число статей в период 2000-2019 гг. увеличилось в 27 раз. Лидерами по числу публикаций на миграционную тематику являются журналы «Миграционное право» (245 статей) и «Экономика и предпринимательство» (173 публикаций). Среди научных организаций безусловным лидером в этом списке является Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ, в которой общее число публикаций по миграционной тематике составляет 637, и Московский государственный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова с 572 статьями. Наибольшее число публикаций за исследуемый период было представлено д. э. н., профессором, членом-корреспондентом Российской академии наук С. В. Рязанцевым. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы с целью усовершенствования информационного обеспечения специалистов, занимающихся миграцией населения, и для усиления научной коммуникации между учеными различных специальностей в области миграциологии.
Ключевые слова: миграция населения, миграционные исследования, eLibrary, научный журнал, статья, публикация, информационный поток, библиометрический анализ, наукометрия, показатели публикации
Благодарность
Статья подготовлена при поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований, проект № 19-11050314.
Для цитирования: Неклюдова Н. п., секицки-павленко О. О. миграционные исследования в России: Обзор научной литературы // экономика региона. 2020. Т. 16, вып. 4. с. 1162-1177. https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2020-4-11
Introduction
The migration processes both in Russia and in the world over the past two decades have received close attention from the expert community, practical politics, and public opinion.
The profound transformation of the political and socio-economic systems served as an impulse for radical changes in the migration situation in Russia and abroad. These changes and related issues raise many fundamental and applied challenges regarding migration issues for the scientific community.
Due to the complexity, dynamics and versatility of migration, this issue should be examined by various sciences, each one bringing new approaches and unique methodological tools, expanding the scientific research, adjusting the object and subject of the study, setting and solving complex problems. Migration has always been the focus of attention for
such disciplines as economics, geography, demography, sociology, political science, criminology, history, etc. However, despite the wide range of sciences involved in the study of migration, there is practically no adequate scientific generalisation of available researchers. Such generalisation is necessary to identify the most promising areas of research and assess the contribution of research teams or individual authors to the development of migration studies. One of the best ways to assess scientific knowledge is to publish it in a scientific journal.
In the modern world, any scientific information is considered invalid if it is not published. A scientific journal not only serves as a means for storing and transmitting scientific information, but also plays an important role in the formation of scientific authority, the evolution of professional and scientific contribution, and monitoring of the quality of the publication.
The paper reviews scientific research (articles in scientific journals) on migration conducted in the Russian Federation from 2000 to 2019. It should serve as the basis for future interdisciplinary research, as well as a link between the researchers. In addition, this review provides an opportunity to familiarise foreign readers with works of Russian scientists on migration studies.
Data and Methods
The research algorithm includes several stages:
1. Selection of the study site.
2. Creation of the publications database.
3. Index selection to track the development of migration studies as an integrated area of knowledge.
4. Index processing. Creation of graphs and tables.
5. Establishment of relationships between individual indexes.
The website eLIBRARY1, the largest electronic library of scientific publications in Russia and the leading electronic library of scientific periodicals in the Russian language in the world, was chosen as the research base. It offers rich opportunities for searching and analysing scientific information. Today, eLIBRARY contains more than 30 million scientific articles.
The research database consists of articles published in Russian scientific journals in the period from 2000 to 2019. The scope of the study was limited by the search query "migration" in the title and keywords of the article. In our study, we understand migration in a broad context. The migration phenomenon is a complex thing, appearing in almost all areas of society [1, 2]. Due to the complexity and multidimensional nature of the migration concept, we cannot examine migration issues autonomously, within the framework of a single discipline. Considering this fact, a certain system of filters was introduced during the selection of scientific articles. We analysed issues exclusively related to population migration. The selection of articles was carried out in the following scientific disciplines: sociology, economics, geography, demography and politics. Guided by the need to match the content of the selected publications and the stated research topic, we tried to exclude as much as possible articles published in the field of biology, zoology, etc.
During the database formation, due to the limitations of the eLIBRARY website, where the maximum number of articles does not exceed ten thou-
1 eLIBRARY: electronic library. Retrieved from: https://elibrary. ru/elibrary_about.asp (Date of access: 10.04.2020).
sand, we divided the search for publications into two stages:
1. compilation of articles published in 20002014, with 8,227 results on the search query "migration";
2. compilation of articles published in 20152019, with 9,947 results on the search query "migration".
The total database for the period of 2000-2019 includes 18,174 scientific articles.
This study had the following goals:
1. to describe the dynamics of research on population migration, its nature, extent and pace;
2. to discover and characterise leading Russian journals publishing scientific works on migration;
3. to compile and characterise scientific organisations related to this issue;
4. to identify authors with the greatest contribution to modern research on migration processes;
5. to identify the most exciting topics of scientific research on migration and their obsolescence rate;
6. to reveal the main content of the most interesting scientific works from theoretical and methodological points of view;
7. to list the main achievements of Russian scientists in the migration studies;
8. to identify the main controversial issues regarding migration;
9. to identify key scientific issues related to population migration and prospects for their solution.
To solve these issues, we chose a number of indexes to identify the main trends in the development of Russian migration studies. In each of the two compilations, we performed search queries for statistical reports based on: subject headings; keywords; publications; organisations; authors; years and citations of authors.
Export of statistical reports to Microsoft Excel allowed us to process data, create tables and graphs for subsequent analysis.
In addition to empirical research methods and descriptive statistics, we used the method of bibli-ometric analysis. We chose the bibliometric analysis as a means to solve the tasks due to the following reasons.
1. Constantly increasing volumes of scientific information entailed the formation and development of public, open scientometric databases that combine the results of numerous scientific studies, enabling researchers to use the available materials on a different level.
2. Identification of the results of scientific research using bibliometric analysis allows determining the competitiveness of the studied issues.
2500
2000
500
2219
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Fig. 1. The Dynamics of Russian Publications on Population Migration
0
A number of scientists called bibliometric analysis a way of getting into an issue [3].
3. Given the interdisciplinary nature of migration studies, bibliometric analysis is able to provide an understanding of this developing science.
Results
The distinctive feature of the dynamics of publication activity on migration is its pronounced upward trend. In the period from 2000 to 2019, the number of articles increased by 27 times, from 58 to 1,608 works. On average, the number of publications on the topic under study increased until 2016 by 20-30 % per year, especially between 2000 and 2016. After 2016, there was a slight decline in the number of articles on migration issues. The maximum number of articles was in 2016, 2017, 2018, when their number exceeded 2000 (Figure 1).
The increase in the number of publications is due to several reasons. First, a significant influx of labour migrants into the Russian Federation and the accompanying socio-economic challenges have significantly increased interest of society, science and the government in migration issues .
Second, changes in the Russian migration legislation contributed to the discussion of migration issues in the academic community.
Third, the European migration crisis of 2015 attracted the attention of the entire scientific community, which in turn caused an increase in the number of articles on population migration.
Fourth, the expansion of domestic scientomet-ric systems and the introduction of RSCI (Russian Science Citation Index) in 2005 contributed to the increase in the number of articles by increasing the share of scientific journals and including these journals into the scientometric database [4].
Fifth, a change in the requirements for the activities of scientific workers called for an increase in their publication activity, which resulted in the increased number of articles.
The overwhelming majority of articles on migration issues belong to economics and economic sciences. Their share in the total number of articles on migration amounted to 30.4 % (2503 articles) in 2000-2014, 41.2 % (4102 articles) in 20152019, 36.3 % (6605 articles) in 2000-2019. For the entire examined period, every third article related to the topic of migration belonged to the category of economic sciences (Table 1).
Table 1
Subject areas of articles on population migration published in 2000-2019
Field of science 2000-2014 % 2015-2019 % 2000-2019 %
Economics and economic sciences 2503 30.4 4102 41.2 6605 36.3
Sociology 1034 12.6 1513 15.2 2547 14.0
Political sciences 751 9.1 892 9.0 1643 9.0
Demography 759 9.2 504 5.1 1263 6.9
Geography 111 1.3 252 2.5 363 2.0
Other fields 3069 37.3 2684 27.0 5753 31.7
Total number of articles 8227 100.0 9947 100.0 18174 100.0
мигранты народонаселение Российская Федераци migration policy демография labor migration миграционные процессы миграция населения рынок труда миграционная политика трудовая миграция migration миграция
374 397 I 489 I 563 674 679 775 875 952
1349
1992
5451
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
7691 8000
9000
Fig. 2. Top keywords on population migration, 2000-2019
In terms of the number of publications, sociology holds the second place after economics, although by a significant margin. The sociological articles related to migration amounted to 12.6 % (1034 articles) in 2000-2014, 12.2 % (1513 articles) in 2015-2019. The total share of sociological articles is 14 %.
Migration studies related to political sciences are in third place. Each tenth or eleventh article on migration published between 2000 and 2019 belongs to political disciplines.
As for the other two disciplines, demography and geography, demographers published about 7 % of the articles on migration, and geographers published 2 % of the articles.
Selected publications in economics, sociology, politics, demography and geography in the period from 2000 to 2019 amounted to more than two-thirds of the total number of publications on migration issues.
The distribution of articles by keywords belonging to the topic of migration shows the different thematic focus of publications. The most common keyword is "migratsiya" (migration), followed by its English translation (Figure 2). In the third place is the phrase "trudovaya migratsiya" (labour migration), mentioned in keywords of 1992 articles. The next most frequently mentioned keywords are phrases "migratsionnaya politika" (migration policy) in 1349 articles and "rynok truda" (labour market) in 952 articles. The words and phrases in English, presented in the compilation (word-for-word translations of the words and phrases already mentioned in Russian). In our opinion, this fact does not indicate that Russian language articles are reaching the international level; rather, there are certain publication require-
ments for scientists. Most scientific journals require the abstract and keywords of the article to be translated into English.
The list of Russian scientific periodicals publishing articles on migration issues is incredibly wide. In our selection, there are more than 800 journals, which published studies on migration during 2000-2019. We limited ourselves to 30 journals in which articles on this topic are published regularly (more than 30 articles in the examined period) (Table 2)
Of the mentioned 30 Russian scientific journals, 21 (70 %) belong to the list of the Higher Attestation Commission (HAC)1. Two journals "Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya" and "Ekonomika regiona" are also included in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The remaining 9 journals are registered only in the RSCI system. The leader in the number of publications on migration is a journal "Migratsionnoe pravo" (245 articles), which considers the legal aspect of migration. Similar articles are published in the journals "Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta MVD Rossii", "Vlast'", "Mezhdunarodnyy zhurnal konstitut-sionnogo i gosudarstvennogo prava", "Evraziyskiy yuridicheskiy zhurnal", "Zakon i pravo".
The economic and geographical components of migration processes and phenomena are presented in the following journals: "Ekonomika i predprin-imatelstvo", "Ekonomika i sotsium", "Sotsialnye i gumanitarnye nauki. Otechestvennaya i zarubezhnaya literatura. Seriya 2, Ekonomika", "Nauchnoe obozrenie. Seriya 1. Ekonomika i
1 A list of leading peer-reviewed scientific journals where the Higher Attestation Commission of Russia recommends to publish the main scientific results ofthe thesis for the candidates and doctors of sciences.
0
Table 2
Journals that have published the most papers on population migration
№ Title Number of publications Indexing/ Including in the HAC list
1 Migratsionnoe pravo (Migration Law) 245 HAC list
2 Ekonomika i predprinimatelstvo (Journal of Economy and Entrepreneurship) 173 HAC list
3 Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta MVD Rossii (Vestnik of Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia) 113 HAC list
4 Vlast (The authority) 94 HAC list
5 Evraziyskiy yuridicheskiy zhurnal (Eurasian Law Journal) 93 HAC list
6 Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya (Sociological Studies) 92 HAC list; WoS; Scopus
7 Ekonomika i sotsium (Economics and Society) 86
8 Narodonaselenie (Population) 83 HAC list
9 Sotsialnye i gumanitarnye nauki. Otechestvennaya i zarubezhnaya literatura. Seriya 2, Ekonomika (Social sciences and humanities. Domestic and foreign literature. Series 2. Economics) 82
10 Paëmi Donisgohi millii Todkiston (Bulletin of the Tajik National University. Series of Economic and Social Sciences) 81 HAC list
11 Vestnik Kyrgyzsko-Rossiyskogo Slavyanskogo Universiteta (Vestnik KRSU) 77 HAC list
12 Teoriya i praktika obshchestvennogo razvitiya (Theory and Practice of Social Development) 71 HAC list
13 Sotsialnaya politika i sotsiologiya (Social policy and sociology) 65 HAC list
14 Nauchnoe obozrenie. Seriya 1. Ekonomika i pravo (Scientific Review. Series 1. Economics and Law) 64 HAC list
15 Uroven zhizni naseleniya regionov Rossii (Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia) 63 HAC list
16 Alleya nauki (Alley of science) 62
17 Mezhdunarodnyy zhurnal konstitutsionnogo i gosudarstvennogo prava (International Journal of Constitutional and State Law) 58
18 Etnosotsium i mezhnatsionalnaya kultura (Etnosotsium and international culture) 57 HAC list
19 Zakon i pravo (Legislation and Law) 57 HAC list
20 Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya (Modern problems of science and education) 54 HAC list
21 Molodoy uchenyy (Young Scientist) 54
22 Sotsialno-gumanitarnye znaniya (Socio-humanitarian knowledge) 53 HAC list
23 Demoscope Weekly 53
24 Ekonomika regiona (Economy of Region) 43 HAC list WoS; Scopus
25 Trud i sotsialnye otnosheniya (Labour And Social Relations) 41 HAC list
26 Regionalnaya ekonomika: teoriya i praktika (Regional Economics: Theory and Practice) 40 HAC list
27 Ekonomika i upravlenie: problemy, resheniya (Economics and Management: Problems, Solutions) 38 HAC list
28 Sotsialnaya integratsiya i razvitie etnokultur v evraziyskom prostranstve (Social Integration and Development of Ethnic Cultures in the Eurasian Space) 35
29 Evropeyskiy Soyuz: fakty i kommentarii (The European Union: facts and comments) 31
30 Migratsiya i sotsialno-ekonomicheskoe razvitie (Migration and social development) 31
Table 3
Russian organisations that have published the most papers on population migration in the period 2000-2019
Organisation Number of Publications City
1. Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration 637 Moscow
2. Moscow State University 572 Moscow
3. Institute of Socio-Political Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISPR FCTAS RAS) 364 Moscow
4. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics 325 Moscow
5. Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russian Federation named after V.Ya. Kikot 297 Moscow
6. Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation 289 Moscow
7. National Research University "Higher School of Economics" 263 Moscow
8. RUDN University 262 Moscow
9. St Petersburg State University 244 St. Petersburg
10. Russian State Social University 227 Moscow
11. MGIMO University 181 Moscow
12. Bashkir State University 162 Ufa
13. Southern Federal University 155 Rostov-on-Don
14. North-Caucasus Federal University 148 Stavropol
15. Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FCTAS RAS) 146 Moscow
16. Altai State University 140 Barnaul
17. Kazan Federal University 131 Kazan
18. Far Eastern Federal University 129 Vladivostok
19. Saint Petersburg State University of Economics 116 St. Petersburg
20. Kuban State University 115 Krasnodar
pravo", "Ekonomika regiona", "Uroven zhizni naseleniya regionov Rossii", "Regionalnaya ekonomika: teoriya i praktika", "Ekonomika i up-ravlenie: problemy, resheniya".
Among the demographic journals, publishing articles on migration, "Narodonaselenie" and an electronic journal "Demoscope Weekly" are the leaders.
Publications in such magazines as "Paemi Donisgo^i millii To^ikiston" and "Vestnik Kyrgyzsko-Rossiyskogo Slavyanskogo Univer-siteta" indicate that not only the Russian scientific community, but also the scientific communities of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan are interested in migration issues. Moreover, these countries are among the leaders in the export of labour migrants to the Russian Federation.
Between 2000 and 2019, more than 900 scientific organisations took part in studies of population migration. We identified 20 leading organisations, which published more than 100 articles on the examined topic (Table 3).
The undisputed leader in this list is the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, where the total number of publications on migration amounted to 637, meaning that in the past 20 years this organisa-
tion published 32 articles per year on average. The second place is occupied by Moscow State University with 572 articles. The third place belongs to the Institute of Socio-Political Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences with 364 articles on migration issues published over the past 20 years.
In terms of geography, most of the scientific organisations leading in the research on migration issues are located in Moscow, followed by St. Petersburg. The cities of Ufa, Rostov-on-Don, Stavropol, Kazan, Barnaul, Vladivostok, and Krasnodar are each represented by one scientific organisation in the list of leaders. In our opinion, such a distribution is not accidental; it primarily reflects the overconcentration of scientific and educational resources in Moscow and St. Petersburg.
The analysis of migration studies of Russian authors is presented in Table 4. In the examined period, the largest number of publications was presented by Doctor of Economics, professor, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Ryazantsev S. V. (Head of the Institute for Demographic Research of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences). The academic interests of this author are related to the theoreti-
Table 4
Most productive authors publishing studies on population migration in Russia
Author Number of publications Research directions
1. Ryazantsev S. V. 184 Labour migration; Adaptation and integration of labour migrants; Labour migrants and vital statistics; Labour migrants and social tensions; Illegal migration and human trafficking
2. Mkrtchyan N. V. 63 Regional aspects of migration; The age structure of migrants and its influence on the age structure of the host territory; Migration in small, medium and large cities
3. Volokh V. A. 55 Management of migration processes; Migration legislation; Migration policy
4. Prudnikova T. A. 52 Experience in legal regulation of services in the field of migration; Migration law
5. Pismennaya E. E. 49 Education and labour migration of youth; Emigration from Russia
6. Yudina T. N. 41 Ethnic crime; Social work with migrants and refugees
7. Mukomel V. I. 39 Socio-cultural aspects of migration; Migration and interethnic relations
8. Aleshkovskiy I. A. 39 International migration in the global context
9. Zayonchkovskaya Zh. A. 39 Migration policy; International migration; Illegal migration in border areas; Labour migration, brain drain
10. Florinskaya Yu. F. 39 Migration of the Russian border area, Integration of migrants with children into Russian society; Migration and labour market
11. Bormotova T. M. 39 Information support for migration management; Migration and crime
12. Dyatlov V. I. 38 Ethnicization of space; Mechanisms of diasporas' formation and development
13. Vorobeva O. D. 37 Labour market and migration; The balance of labour resources; Migration policy
14. Malyshev E. A. 37 Administrative and legal regulation of migration; Migration law
15. Abdulmanapov P. H. 37 Population Migration of the Republic of Dagestan; Migration of the population of the North Caucasus Federal district
16. Grebenyuk A. A. 36 Remigration; State Program to Assist the Voluntary Resettlement to the Russian Federation of Compatriots Living Abroad
17. Rybakovskiy L. L. 34 Theoretical issues of population migration; Clarification of the conceptual apparatus
18. Motrich E. L. 34 Migration of the population in the Far East; Labour migration of the population of the Far East
19. Topilin A. V. 33 Labour migration; Migration and the labour market of the Eurasian Economic Union; Self-preservation of ethnic groups and migration processes
20. Iontsev V. A. 23 Classification of theoretical and methodological approaches to migration studies
cal and methodological substantiation of migration and the development of practical recommendations for migration policy. His articles focus on issues related to labour migration. In particular, Ryazantsev S. V. proposed a methodology for assessing tension on regional labour markets in connection to labour migration [5]. He also considers the problems and possibilities for regulating labour migration [6, 7]. The significant number of articles by this researcher examine the impact of the migration component on population reproduction [8-11], the relationship between illegal migration and human trafficking [12, 13].
The second most productive author in our selection is Mkrtchyan N. V., PhD, leading research associate of the Institute of Demography of the National Research University "Higher School of Economics". In his works, he examines in detail the regional aspect of migration [14-18]. Great attention is paid to the age structure of migration flows and its impact on the age structure of the host society. In particular, he reveals the relationship between the migrants' age profile and the direction of migration, notes the extreme heterogeneity of the regions of the Russian Federation, depending on the age composition of migration flows [19-23]. Mkrtchyan N. V., along with Florinskaya Yu. F., is one of the few researchers closely studying migration in the context of the typology of Russian cities [24-26].
The third researcher in terms of publication productivity is Volokh V. A., Doctor of Political Science, professor of the Department of Public Administration and Political Technologies of the State University of Management. While studying migration issues, the author focuses on political aspects of migration, examining in detail migration processes both within Russia [27-29] and abroad [30, 31]. He offers ways to solve the most acute migration issues, explores the opportunities and risks associated with changes in migration laws [32-35].
Prudnikova T. A. [36-42] discusses the experience of legal regulation of migration processes in Russia and abroad. In her works, the author also analyses the activities of the internal affairs authorities concerning migration [43].
Education and labour migration of young people is examined in detail by Pismennaya E. E., Doctor of Social Sciences, chief research associate of ISPR FCTAS RAS, professor of the Department of Sociology, History and Philosophy of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation [44-46]. She wrote more than 40 articles on population migration. Pismennaya E. E. together with Ryazantsev S. V. and other scientists
examined emigration from Russia, its causes, motivation, and prospects for the return of migrants [47, 48].
The problems of ethnic crime are analysed in works of Doctor of Social Sciences Yudina T. N., professor of the Russian State Social University [49-52]. She also examines issues of social work with migrants and refugees [53, 54].
In similar way, ethnic migration issues are considered in the articles of Doctor of Social Sciences Mukomel V. I., Head of the Sector of Migration and Integration Research (Institute of Sociology, Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences). He analyses the causes and mechanisms of anti-immigration movements. He claims that the weak inclusion of migrants in the daily life of the host community is a prerequisite for tension [55-57]. Mukomel V. I. also focuses on the significant differences between migrants, depending on their migration experience, travel motivation, initial length of stay and such characteristics as age, education, and marital status. All these aspects together influence the choice of job search channels, the migrants' legalisation, and relations with the host population [58].
The significant number of works aimed at studying global migration processes belongs to Aleshkovskiy I. A., PhD, associate professor of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University [59-61]. The author emphasises that in all discussions about the global nature of migration processes, it is possible to note: 1) the lack of reliable and complete migration statistics; 2) the complex nature of international migration and the lack of a comprehensive migration theory; 3) the complex relationship between migration and various development factors (economic, political, environmental, etc.) [62, 63].
Zayonchkovskaya Zh. A., PhD, made an invaluable contribution to the study of migration. Today, she is one of the unquestioned authorities on migration studies and a leading specialist in the study of migration policy, international migration, brain drain, labour migration, illegal migration in border areas, and the population migration mobility. Back in 1998, she initiated the creation of the first annotated bibliography in Russia entitled "Population migration in post-Soviet states. Annotated bibliography of Russian publications 1992-1997" [64], and published a bibliographic index for 1992-1999 in 2000. Zayonchkovskaya Zh. A. edited the "Annotated Bibliographic Index of Scientific Literature on Migration Published in Russia 2000-2011" [65] that was issued in 2013. It is one of the most comprehensive bibliographic
lists of scientific publications on population migration.
The tenth most productive author is Florinskaya Yu. F., PhD, senior research associate of the Institute of Demography of the National Research University "Higher School of Economics". She studies migration problems at the Russian frontier [66, 67]. In addition, this author pays considerable attention to the impact of migration on the labour market [68, 69]. In our opinion, an article entitled "Migration of families with children to Russia: Integration problems (based on the materials of sociological queries conducted by the Center for migration studies)" [70] presents particular interest. This article is based on the materials of two projects conducted in Moscow; St. Petersburg: Moscow, Leningrad, and Samara regions and Krasnodar Territory, addressing the most pressing issues regarding the pre-school and school education of migrant children, the provision of medical care for them, and the knowledge of the Russian language by migrant children.
The list of top 20 authors actively involved in migration issues from 2000 to 2019 includes Bormotova T. M., Dyatlov V. I., Vorobeva O. D., Malyshev E. A., Abdulmanapov P. G., Grebenyuk A. A., Rybakovsky L. L., Metelev S. E., Motrich E. L., and Topilin A. V.
The sociological analysis of migration processes is presented by Bormotova T. M., PhD, associate professor of the Russian State Social University, leading research associate of the All-Russian Research Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. In particular, she calls for the informational and analytical support for management of migration processes. She examines issues in the Russian legislation on migration, the lack of migration experts, and the insufficient interaction between the governmental branches [71-73]. Some publications address the migration's impact on crime rates and the social factors of victimological risks of migration [74, 75].
From the historical perspective, migration processes are thoroughly studied by Dyatlov V. I., Doctor of History, professor of the Department of World History and International Relations of Irkutsk State University. His articles describe in detail the mechanisms of the formation and development of diasporas, and the ethnicization of areas, mainly in Siberia [76-79].
A wide range of migration issues is studied by Vorobeva O. D., Doctor of Economics, professor of the Department of Demography, Moscow State University. In her article "Labour migration in Moscow: Surplus or failing" [80], she analyses the migrants' areas of employment, issues of their re-
muneration and qualifications, noting low mobility of the national workforce. She investigates the relationship between the unemployment rate and the level of foreign labour attraction. Similarly, the author considers the balance of labour resources of the Far East [81]. In addition to the study of labour migration, Vorobeva's scientific interests include issues related to migration policy [82, 83].
Malyshev E. A., PhD, assistant professor of the North western Branch of the Russian State University of Justice notes the peculiarities of administrative regulation of external labour migration [84]. He focuses on the issues of control and oversight by the executive authorities [85].
Population migration in the North Caucasus Federal District, and in particular in the Republic of Dagestan, is studied by Abdulmanapov P.G, PhD, senior research associate, Research Institute of Management, Economics, Politics, and Sociology of Dagestan State University of National Economy [86-88].
Grebenyuk A. A., Doctor of Economics, Higher School of Modern Social Sciences, Moscow State University, focuses on the motives of return migration [89]. In particular, he raises questions about the returns connected with housing, work, and difficulties due to the gap between investment plans and the actual relocation of compatriots [90].
A significant contribution to theoretical issues of migration was made by an outstanding Soviet and Russian scientist Rybakovskiy L. L., Doctor of Economics, chief research associate at the Institute of Socio-Political Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A distinctive feature of his approach is a clear distinction between the concepts of "migration" and "mobility", which are often identical in the academic literature. From the author's perspective, migration is a territorial, actual movement, while mobility is a willingness to relocate. This clarification of basic concepts of migration allowed Rybakovskiy L. L. to formulate the theory of three stages of the migration process. The key points of this theory are that the migration process manifests itself in three consecutive and interconnected stages: 1) the formation of prerequisites for territorial mobility, 2) actual relocation, 3) immigrants' acclimation. The author emphasises that acclimation does not solely mean adaptation, as it is a two-way process; thus, in relation to certain groups of the population, the number of potential and actual migrants often do not coincide [91, 92]. Rybakovskiy L. L. proceeds from the fact that migration mobility of the population is determined by the genetic structure, which includes the following classification of the
population composition: indigenous population, newcomers, migrants, old-timers, and new settlers. Moreover, the population belonging to the category of migrants can move from newcomers to old-timers [93]. Rybakovskiy's research served as the basis for further development of sociological studies on migration.
The migration problems of the Far East are analysed by Motrich E. L., Doctor of Economics, Economic Research Institute of Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences [94, 95]. In particular, in her article "Assessment of the Migration Situation in the Russian Far East: 1991-2016" [96], the author notes a decrease in the migration interaction of the region with the far-abroad countries, recognising the necessity to form a stable population in the region, and create economic and social conditions to ensure the attractiveness of the region.
Topilin A. V., Doctor of Economics, chief research associate of the Department of Labor Resources Reproduction and Employment of the Center of Social Demography, ISPR FCTAS RAS, focuses his attention on the correlation of migration and the labour market formation [97]. He also examines migration issues and labour markets of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) [98, 99], and the problems of ethnic groups' self-preservation [100].
One of the largest studies on theoretical and methodological approaches to migration was proposed by Iontsev V. A. In his work "International population migration: theory and history of studying" [2], the author devotes an entire chapter to the classification of basic scientific approaches to the study of population migration. The scientist analysed more than 700 works of Russian and foreign authors and identified 17 basic scientific approaches to migration issues, which, according to his assessment, combined 45 scientific areas. Moreover, Iontsev V. A. considers the scientific field broadly, not limiting himself to understanding the scientific field as a specific theory or concept. As an example, the author cites Malthusianism, which developed to a separate theory of Neo-Malthusianism. In his classification, Iontsev V. A. identifies 15 economic approaches, 5 sociological approaches, 4 migration approaches, 3 demographic approaches, 2 political approaches,
and 1 approach for each of other 9 scientific disciplines. In addition to scientific approaches, the author classifies migration studies by migration type (international and domestic), migration sort (labour, forced, etc.), analysis level (macro, micro), analysis units (country, social structure, ethnicity, household, family, individual). He provides a brief description for all scientific areas, theories, concepts, as well as the main authors who developed various theories, concepts, directions, indicating the years of its formation. While Iontsev's monograph was published in 1999 (a year before our research period), it marked the beginning of a new stage in the development of theoretical principles of migration studies.
Conclusions
Based on the study, the following conclusions can be drawn.
1. The migration has a pronounced multidisci-plinary nature. This fact is confirmed by the different specialisation of periodicals publishing articles on migration and a wide range of institutions dealing with population migration.
2. The share of Russian language publications showed an upward trend in 2000-2019. The largest number of articles (2219) was published in 2016. In our opinion, this happened due to both increasing relevance migration studies (and the scientific community's interest in the topic) and the expansion of Russian scientometric systems and increased requirements for research activities.
3. The selected list of the most productive journals will improve the quality of information support for the specialists on migration and optimise the composition of periodicals acquired for scientific libraries.
4. The significant participation of organisations located in Moscow and St. Petersburg in research activities related to migration issues is explained by the high concentration of educational, scientific and financial potential of these cities.
8. A distinctive feature of studies on migration issues in 2000-2019 is a small number of publications aimed at theoretical understanding of migration processes. The works of Iontsev V. A., Ry-bakovskiy L. L., and Zayonchkovskaya Zh. A. are the exception. Studies on migration processes study mostly focus on practical application.
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About the authors
Natalia P. Neklyudova — Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Senior Research Associate, Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS; Associate Professor, Liberal Arts University for Humanities; Scopus Author ID: 57190430407; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5026-1394; Researcher ID: Е-5849-2014 (29, Moskovskaya St., Ekaterinburg, 620014; 3, Zheleznodorozhnikov St., Ekaterinburg, 620041, Russian Federation; e-mail: [email protected]).
Olga O. Sekicki-Pavlenko — Leading Economist, Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS; https://orcid. org/0000-0002-1370-8724 (29, Moskovskaya St., Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation; e-mail: sekitski.pavlenko.oo@ uiec.ru ).
Информация об авторах
Неклюдова Наталья Павловна — кандидат экономических наук, старший научный сотрудник, Институт экономики УрО РАН; доцент кафедры экономики и информатизации, Гуманитарный университет; Scopus Author ID: 57190430407; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5026-1394; Researcher ID: Е-5849-2014 (Российская Федерация, 620014, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Московская, 29; 620041, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Железнодорожников, 3; e-mail: neklyudova.np@uiec.
Секицки-Павленко Ольга Олеговна — ведущий экономист, Институт экономики УрО РАН; https://orcid. org/0000-0002-1370-8724 (Российская Федерация, 620014, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Московская, 29; e-mail: [email protected]).
Дата поступления рукописи: 21.05.2020.
Прошла рецензирование: 21.07.2020.
Принято решение о публикации: 15.09.2020.
Received: 21 May 2020.
Reviewed: 21 Jul 2020.
Accepted: 15 Sep 2020.
