CC BY
7B-I-14
BIOMEDICAL PHOTONICS
Microrheologic effects of magnetic nanodiamonds assessed by laser methods
A.E. Lugovtsov1, P.B. Ermolinskiy1, E.V. Perevedentseva2, C.-L. Cheng3, A.V. Priezzhev1
1-Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow, 119991, Russia 2- Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy ave. 53, Moscow, 119991, Russia 3- National Dong Hwa University, Da Hsueh Rd. 1-2, Hualien, 974301, Taiwan
anlug@biomedphotonics
In the last decade, different types of nanoparticles have been proposed as biocompatible and promising for various applications in many fields of life sciences [1]. In particular, carbon nanoparticles - nanodiamonds (ND) have been proposed for using in theranostic applications - biomedical imaging and photodynamic therapy, direct drug delivery and etc. There are different types of ND that differ in size, surface functionalization, structure, chemistry, physical properties to achieve the desired biophysical properties. For example, it was demonstrated that ND with surface func-tionalization by carboxylated groups (cND) are more biocompatible and can be used for drug delivery and for contrast visualization of tissues [2]. Another kind of ND - magnetic ND (MND) were proposed and characterized for using as agent for bio-imaging and for magnetic guidance with external magnetic field. Effectiveness of these nanoparticles as anti-cancer drugs for different biological models, such as cancer cell culture (A549 lung carcinoma cell), 3D tissue model (Multi-Cellular Tumor Spheroid on the base of human oral squamous carcinoma cell, SAS) and murine skin tissue was demonstrated [3]. The mehanism of MND action includes their possible interaction with red blood cells (RBCs) in the process of their adsorption on the membranes and penetrations into the cells as well as targeted delivery to the tissues and cancer tumors through the blood flow. It is presumed that in order to reach the target these particles would be intravenously administered into blood. However, so far there is little information on the interaction of MND with blood components. It can be assumed that MNP can affect the RBCs properties such as their ability to reversibly aggregate and deform in shear flow when propagating along blood vessels and capillaries. These alterations can impair blood rheology and, as a result, increase the risk of development of cardiovascular diseases and even mortality during medical application of MND. The aim of our work was to study the in vitro effect of MND on blood microrheology - aggregation and deformability properties of RBCs.
Laser diffractometry, diffuse light scattering aggregometry [4] were used to study microrheologic aspects of the interaction of MND with human RBC in vitro. It is expected that the results can provide a basis for determining the cytotoxicity of MND without conducting experiments with animals in vivo. When accomplished, this test may significantly reduce the need for experiments with animals when studying the effect of NPs on the human organism. All experimental results were obtained on EDTA stabilized human and rat blood samples incubated with MND in different concentrations.
In vitro effects of MNP on blood microrheology - aggregation and deformability properties of RBC are demonstrated. Incubation of blood with MND at high concentrations of the latter does negatively affect both aggregation and deformability of the cells, the effect being dependent on the particle concentration. Basing on the results one can conclude that the MND can be administered into blood in ambient conditions at low concentrations (30 ^g/ml), without significant complication of the blood rheological conditions.
This work was supported by the Russian Scientific Foundation (Grant No. 20-45-08004) and performed according to the Development program of the Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Lomonosov Moscow State University «Photonic and Quantum technologies. Digital medicine».
[1] M.L. Etheridge et al., The big picture on nanomedicine: the state of investigational and approved nanomedicine products, Nano-medicine: Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine, v. 9(1), pp. 1-14, (2013).
[2] Lin-Wei Tsai et al., Nanodiamonds for medical applications: Interaction with blood in vitro and in vivo, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, v. 17(7), pp. 1111, (2016).
[3] E. Perevedentseva et al., Multifunctional biomedical applications of magnetic nanodiamond, J. Biomed. Opt., v. 23(9), pp. 091404, (2018).
[4] A. E. Lugovtsov et al., Optical assessment of alterations of microrheologic and microcirculation parameters in cardiovascular diseases, Biomedical Optics Express, v. 10(8), pp. 3974-3986, (2019).
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