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Yuldashev A. senior lecturer
Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies
METHODS OF RATIONAL USE OF FOREST RESOURCES, THEIR CAREFUL PRESERVATION AND PROTECTION
Abstract. The forest is the most useful source of wealth in nature for man. It produces a variety of useful animals and birds, wild fruits and mushrooms, valuable furs, medicinal herbs, and contributes to the maintenance of clean water and clean air and to the development of the national economy. At the same time, it balances air and soil temperatures, protects fields from harsh, hot winds, and prevents soil degradation.
Keywords: grasses, wood, land, water, forest, underground resources, air, carbon dioxide gas, oxygen, volatile organic compounds, volatile poisonous microbes, dust.
The forest is the most useful source of wealth in nature for man. It should be emphasized that the gifts of the forest to man are endless. It produces a variety of useful animals and birds, wild fruits and mushrooms, valuable furs, medicinal herbs, and contributes to the maintenance of clean water and clean air and to the development of the national economy. In addition, it balances air and soil temperatures, protects fields from dry, hot winds, and prevents soil degradation.
Cicero, a famous public figure of ancient Rome, said, "Those who destroy forests are the enemies of our society." In recent times, forests have been cut without mercy to improve human living conditions. Because of this, in the next 8-10 years, a part of the forests will be cut down, and in 2 thousand years, deserts will appear on 0.5 billion hectares of land! That's why A. Humboldt said in his time, "There was a forest before man, and man brings desert with him."
while taking different materials and fashion. According to accounting books, one cubic meter of wood produces 1,500 meters of artificial silk, or 600 knitted suits, or 200 kilograms of paper. It can be seen that it is the main resource that serves to satisfy human needs, cloths people and earth and quenches their thirst.
That's why we need to remember the saying of our Turkish ancestors: "There are few patients in Serdarakht village".
So, human life is closely connected with the external environment. He lives under the influence of all factors of the external environment, nature and society.
The great scholar Abu Ali ibn Sina wrote that "A person's health is closely related to external conditions." Therefore, for the stability and health of human life, it is necessary to preserve the land, water, forest, underground resources, air and green cover of the earth, which are the main factors of nature.
Paying attention to this issue, the famous Russian writer S.N. Kostichev wrote: "If the green world stops its activity for a few years, all living creatures on the globe, including man, would perish." In summer, a forest absorbs 220-275 kilograms of carbon dioxide gas and releases 180-215 kilograms of oxygen during one night. This amount is enough to supply 430-500 people with oxygen for ten hours.Four trees can satisfy the oxygen needs of one person for one night. Or let's pay attention to another interesting example. In city conditions, it was determined that one cubic meter of air contains 25 grams of dust and other substances and 36,000 bacteria. According to the calculations of our scientists, one hectare of spruce forest retains up to 36 tons of dust and other substances. One hectare of young pine trees emits 0.154 kg to 0.392 kg of volatile phytoncide per hour, or one hectare of forest produces up to 30 kg of phytoncide. That is why the forest air is clean. Yalta scientist M.N. Artemeva found that one hectare of deciduous trees produces 2 kilograms of deciduous plants per day, and up to 5 kilograms of volatile organic compounds. Volatile phytoncides released from trees kill all kinds of poisonous microbes in the air. In addition, the green plant is a source of oxygen necessary for humans. A living organism cannot live without oxygen. One person found that the average person absorbs 500 liters of oxygen in one night.
On Earth, green plants absorb 500 billion tons of carbon dioxide and produce 400 billion tons of oxygen every year. One hectarea forest in the area absorbs 3-6 tons of carbon dioxide and produces up to 25 tons of oxygen. On average, one tree produces enough oxygen to last 3 people for a lifetime. Beneficial insects that destroy harmful insects live twice as much in forests and groves than usual. The total area of forests on Earth is about 4,100 million hectares, which is slightly more than 31% of the land area. The amount of wood in forests is 130-140 billion cubic meters.
The level of forest coverage of the country is very well shown by the forest area per capita. Of course, in this respect, Canada is at the forefront. For example, 24.0 per capita in Canada; Forests account for 2 in Norway and 0.1-0.4 in the tanning countries of Europe. The area of forests in Uzbekistan is 712.8 thousand hectares, and each person has 0.04 hectares of forest.
Pay attention to how hard we are on the forest - but day by day it is suffering and decreasing.
Over the next 100 years, more than 540,000 hectares of forest were cut down in the United States. In Madagascar, 9-10% of the forests were cut down during the colonial period. At the beginning of our century, more than half of the area of the country of Cuba was forest, and now forests make up only 8% of the country's area. Currently, more than 100 forestry enterprises are engaged in the protection of green resources and the creation of new green zones. now this event should be the duty of every enterprise, institution, organization and people.
It is known that forests provide wild fruits and mushrooms necessary for human life, valuable furs, herbs that cure diseases, and various useful animals and birds.
Another feature of forest wealth is that it is an important factor that regulates the water regime in nature and protects the soil from water and wind
Nature is so fragile that 25 square meters of green space per person is required to maintain the oxygen balance of a big city. Tree and shrub leaves and greenery trap 72 percent of the dust in the city sky. Properly selected trees and shrubs will greatly reduce the noise of the city. It should be noted that at present, preservation and increase of Uzbekistan's forest resources is becoming more and more urgent. Inadequate maintenance of trees, insufficient control of pests and diseases leads to a decrease in the efficiency of forestry enterprises. It is surprising that the wood products from the forest used for the national economy are 370-410 million cubic meters per year. Not only the benefits of the forest, but also that "Forest means water, and water is the source of life and harvest." In 1954, it was seen at the Forestry Congress held in India that the forest is a great wealth of nature, it helps to conserve water and land resources, and preserves the entire animal world from depletion, and the environment.in improvement, it can be boldly said that it plays a very big role in the health of all life on earth, in preventing the deterioration of the ecological condition.
At the same time, while expanding the farm, forests are a source of meeting the needs for wood and other forest products, have a good effect on the climate, atmosphere and hydrological regime of rivers and other water bodies, protect the soil from erosion by wind and water, and have other useful natural properties.
In particular, forests are widely used for health purposes and to satisfy the cultural and aesthetic needs of the population.
Therefore, due to the multi-faceted importance of forests and the long-term nature of their cultivation, it is necessary and necessary to give a national significance to the work of rational use of forest resources, their careful preservation, protection, restoration and increase.
Refereces:
1. Mirziyoev Sh.M. Together we will build a free and prosperous democratic country of Uzbekistan."Tashkent" NMIU 2017-56.b
2. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 7, 2017 "On the strategy of further development of the Republic of Uzbekistan" No. gi PF-4947 Legal documents of the Republic of Uzbekistan 2017y6, Article 70. Internet sites
3.WWW.gov uz.-Government decisions of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
4.WWW.leh uz.-National database of legal documents of the Republic of Uzbekistan
5. WWWzionet.uz
6.WWW.msvkh.uz\rus/forest.html/
7.WWW.usda.ru/usda.programs/forestpu/
