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17METHODS OF FORMATION OF MORAL EDUCATION IN PRESCHOOL (WITH
EXAMPLES OF TURKISH FOLKLORE)
Gaye Emin qizi Arslan
Baku Slavic University, Doctor of Philosophy in Education
The article is devoted to the study of the psycho-pedagogical bases of moral education of preschool age children. It is noted that in Azerbaijan and other countries there is a system of correct psychological approach to the study of pre-school age children from an educational point of view. Also emphasizes that in the study of folklore materials can form moral education of preschool age children by following certain principles. At the end the author comes to the conclusion that in order to identify opportunities for the use of examples of azerbaijani and turkish folklore, which are playing a role in the moral education of preschool age children is necessary to identify and explore the psycho-pedagogical bases of the issue and refer to them.
Key words: preschool age children, psycho-pedagogical bases, folkloric examples, moral education, age-related psychology
As in Azerbaijan and Turkey, as well as all over the world related to the quality of human behavior are accepted as morality. Before the advent of the concept of "morality" in the works "Al-Tahar," Abu Ali Miskaveikha and "Ahlage-Nasiri" Nasreddin Tusi says about morality cleanability. In fact, all the Turkic-speaking peoples, instead of expressing moral education use the word moral cleansing. In folk pedagogy materials morality is explained as the regulation of moral qualities associated with the behavior and human activities. In ethnopedagogics the term morality refers to a set of requirements, principles, methods above mentioned norms of behavior and activity.
In people, the word ethics is used synonymously with expressions chaste, modest, polite, well-mannered.
On the noble man say: "He is a real person, with a good, sweet-tempered, well-spoken, well-educated, etc. Although all these concepts, words and expressions are different but close to each other in meaning... Since they all include a set of adjectives related to morality, man's inner world. And these adjectives grew and developed in the course of human history and regulate the attitude and behavior of the person to the family, to themselves, to others, labor, society, and so on. The essence of morality is defined similarly, and in ethics, it is treated as a set of behavioral principles and rules person (2, pp. 160-161).
"Regarding the content of moral education, this is due to its nature. For example, adjectives like politeness, modesty, simplicity, good manners, courtesy, intelligence primarily relate to the person; performance, hard - working; patriotism, uncompromising attitude to the enemies of the Fatherland -the Motherland; friendship, comradeship, kindness, humanism - qualities associated with the relation to the other. In the same manner, such moral qualities as truthfulness, honesty, collectivism, internationalism, the preference of private and public interests mean attitude to this or that object. Such qualities, form and content of the image of moral education of many "(1, p. 103-104).
As the reference, the content of moral qualities depends largely on factors shaping it.
Morality is widely commented upon as one of the basic forms of consciousness in philosophy, sociology, psychology and pedagogical literature. Although popularly identified with the moral education of chastity, honor education in ethnopedagogical and scientific - pedagogical literature is characterized as a set of moral qualities inherent in man, and norms of behavior. Morality combines the necessary moral qualities of a person, the norms and rules of conduct with regard to society and others (2, p. 160).
In pedagogical literature, moral education is explained as the basis, the root, a necessary condition, and in most cases, as an integral part of education (1, p. 355).
Grafting preschool children moral qualities such as diligence is embodied in lullabies, proverbs, where a lot of talk about honest work righteous deeds, exemplary professions, creative work, and so on. These examples of moral education teachers help them to limit ourselves from evil deeds.
Everyone should do what will lead to quick results. The child must learn those subjects, which has a tendency. If the child does not have the capacity for absorption of a particular profession or occupation or not the relevant conditions, it should not be forced to learn the profession. As in all professions, there is a procedure for the study and takes a lot of care, patience, and work with any business endeavor, commitment and consistency. This is not the appropriate transitions leaps, a new initiative, without proper study of the old. In teaching a particular subject is necessary to use grinds natural talent, develop memory, not harmful to health, taste-enhancing methods and professional habits (3, p. 359).
One of the moral qualities of preschool children are such qualities as honesty and truthfulness. In folklore materials often found expression - "a true man", "a sure thing", "honest conversation", "the right word", "false floor", "false", "unjust cause," "courageous man", "crafty people" "thief", "honest work" and so on. d. carriers positive attributes called moral, ethical people, and carriers of negative qualities, immoral people.
"Unborn child in the first place, it is necessary to name a good name. If the child is inappropriate to give a name, he will be ashamed of his life. Next, you need to find a smart and healthy nurse, because bad habits and diseases are transferred to the baby milk "(4, p. 168).
Nasreddin Tusi rightly advises start instilling positive moral qualities of the child from pre-school age. According to Tusi, in the regulation of moral qualities imparted child needs to pay special attention to this. Great thinker believed that all the positive moral qualities, in particular, acquired comes from modesty and humility.
Nasreddin Tusi appreciates the positive manifestation of morality, as the special abilities and the best as a kind of talent. It is scientifically substantiates grafting acquisition permitted by fair means, since childhood. Goodies folklore like all people, do good, honest work to protect. Such people are distinguished by their philanthropy. In fact, humanity, humanism is one of the best moral qualities in man.
The first condition of education is not the child permission to talk, to play with people who can ill-affect him, for baby shower is simple and can absorb the habits and properties of the people around them.
The child must be educated on the examples of tenderness and love, and thus it is necessary to act not encouraging -money, awards or patrimonial privileges, and be able to act on
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the mind, consciousness, the child's knowledge, by appropriate explanations and comments.
After that you need to train the child to customs and traditions, religious duties, to encourage and incite their implementation, with disobedience to reproach, to teach him to avoid evil, to encourage good deeds. When observation in a child good behavior to encourage it, and when it detects even a small defect, blame and to prevent its further repetition (91, p. 168).
Among the Turkic peoples Anatolian Turks especially distinguished tradition of hospitality. One such tradition is the custom of "sacrificial son," who from the patriotic point of - view is considered a unique example. The content of the following traditions: After reaching the age of 18 guys from the Anatolian Turks call "mehmetchik". At a gathering with the participation of close relatives mehmetchik mother proudly announces the achievement of a son 18 years old and announces his victim homeland. Repeatedly instructs him to protect the homeland as the apple of the eye, in the presence of all the smears his head henna and says: "My son, I declare you a victim of the Homeland, you have to serve it right and protect the homeland and if necessary to die for her life. "
In the context of the occupation of our lands by Armenian invaders, you must consistently use these examples of heroic instruction in pre-school educational institutions. It is also appropriate to introduce into the educational and training process poetic examples, printed materials, writers, poets, not by their authority, position or popularity, but only by patriotism, love for the country, for his people. Examples include lines from poems of the poet Nadia Shamshiri: Azarbaycan grozlarumun qarasbi, Qarababdbir ^ayumun parasbi, Sunamda qrovr edur mahud yarasbi, Yandbi ^ayumuz, yandbi Xocalbi, Dцmmanнn allaru qandbi, Xocalbi!
These strings can be translated roughly as follows - Azerbaijan - light of my eyes, Karabakh - part of my soul, in my chest bleeding gash shahid, burn our hearts burning Khojaly enemy hands in the blood of Khojaly.
It is also necessary to remember periodically Karabakh, Khojaly and other occupied by enemy land vaccinate preschool children the belief that the time will come and we will get back our holy land, and that day is not far off. Such examples, instilling patriotic feelings of children, to foster their readiness to sacrifice their lives for the freedom of the motherland, independence and inviolability of its borders and territorial integrity are considered good examples of parenting patriotic spirit (5, 368 - 368).
In addition to the moral qualities listed above, you need to identify and promote those moral and ethical qualities such as courage, bravery, heroism, savvy, militancy, intransigence, resistance, etc. It is necessary also for the following reasons:.. First, pre-school age children can lay the foundation of exemplary moral character; Secondly, from an early age in children can prevent addiction to bad habits, to avoid contradicting the moral actions and deeds.
The child must be educated to hate evil and harmful, bad deeds. From the very beginning of its development, the child is capable of numerous mistakes, committing bad deeds, lies, envy, snitch, is stubborn and obstinate, attracted to their intrigues and antics of other children, and then you can miss during his upbringing. Therefore, children should be brought up from infancy. Next, begin to teach subjects, science, wise sayings, are forced to learn by heart the noble verses, clarifying their
meaning. In the beginning they are taught to read "radzhaz", then "KASIDA". You should avoid ghazals and poems praising love, wine, lust, for example, the works of poets such as Amr al-Geis, Abu Nuwas and others. People who think that it's just relaxing human subtle poems are profoundly mistaken. It is harmful, capable to spoil Children poems (4, p. 169).
Getting used to the regime of children considered to be the most important condition for education. Practice and experiments show that both Azerbaijan and Turkey, children from poor families do not attend kindergartens, they are left in the care of neighbors or older children, even closed the door and left alone with toys. We left for 8-10 hours of treatment is violated without parental supervision of the child. Children with impaired mode games, entertainment, food, sleep, disturbed mental state as well. As a result, violations occur in moral education. To get rid of the children, some parents force their often sleep. Instead of telling them stories, asking riddles deal with the account, adding the figures moving away from them. In such cases, children are more prone to addiction to bad habits.
It is necessary to prohibit the child to sleep a lot. Frequent sleep blunted mind, weaken the memory, loosen the body, making a person inert and apathetic. A child should not wear in soft, comfortable clothes, you have to get used to his hardship, do not keep the rooms cool in summer and in winter in heated rooms, wrap in warm furs, orders to teach etiquette and proper behavior (4, p. 170).
"We should constantly encourage and praise the moral qualities such as small talk, preferring silence to answer when asked to obey adults, not to swear, not to say rude and inappropriate words in his conversation using pleasant words and statements, get used to speak beautifully. The child is obliged to respect, first of all, himself, teachers (educators), adult, in case of need should provide them with tokens and provide services. Children of famous and more people even more in need of such rules of conduct. Teachers and caregivers of these children have to be smart, honest and have high ethical and moral character of the soul, speak clearly and consequently children's age, to be gentle in manner and at the same time, proud and menacing, observe cleanliness, avoid binges, orgies, obscene gatherings , vile and despicable people, be able to speak with all sections of people "(4, p. 171).
Targeted development of moral qualities of children occurs at providing them with a degree of independence. This does not mean that the child should be left without supervision and control, not interested in his occupation. Only suitable and plan dispensation of free time can benefit. Providing a variety of games children in preschool educational institutions is carried out both on the appropriate schedule, and on specific programs. The organization of games on this system can bring many benefits. We should not forget that game for children not attending pre-school educational institutions should organize their own parents. N. Tusi wrote on this subject:
"If a child wants to play, then he should allow it. However, the game should be interesting, not tedious, nedokuchayuschimi not spoil the mood of his, not stultify the mind, not to complicate the training and education. A child needs to instill love and respect, unquestioning obedience to his father, mother, teacher; This practice is acceptable for all children and adolescents. Bringing up on the basis of this law can be brought up in children a love of virtue and hatred of meanness and baseness. Such education will keep the child from lust, desire and lust, not allow to think about obscene things, will promote the rise is not the top step of
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progress "(4, p. 171).
The holy book of Avesta zaraostriytsev moral education is given much attention. In the book, pronounced difference in the education of boys and girls, as well as in relation to men and women, the difference in customs, traditions, peculiarities, initiations, laws and so on. D. It is easy to see and samples of Turkish folklore. In belonging to the Azerbaijani and Anatolian Turks epic Dede - Gorgud boys are taught to hunt animals and birds, archery, throwing darts, fight with swords, to keep the shield, ride a horse, fight, facing off, etc. Girls are taught to deal with household chores.. , bringing order and cleanliness, instilled such moral concepts. how to protect the honor of the family and tribe, blameless, chastity and modesty. For thousands of years these listed ethical and moral qualities have acquired hereditary, but, nevertheless, instilling these qualities in boys and girls need to follow certain steps. Non-observance of this measure or the boundaries of the organization of didactic games in preschool institutions may create obstacles in identifying children important moral qualities. And the reason for this, is mainly working in the kindergarten teachers, music teachers and other professionals.
"It is possible to observe the classical poetry in the distribution of roles in the musical-didactic games, the selection and distribution of excerpts of stories and poems, the work on the dances, songs, mugham instilling games of skill and improvisation on musical instruments, teaching specimens and
so on. D. Because education boys sense of dignity, pride (the first element of male pride), honesty, courage, relentless, inflexibility of courage, heroism, wrestling qualities of perseverance, while the sensitivity of girls, emotion, feelings of shame, decency, courtesy, tenderness, weakness, tenderness requires educator ... high pedagogical skills "(6, p. 92-93).
Considering all the above, the purpose of the formation and development of moral education of children in pre-school institutions considered appropriate implementation of a number of justified with scientific and pedagogical point of view-specific measures. To do this:
- You need to select and group children's folklore samples of Azerbaijani and Turkic folklore, to further classification of acceptable ones for the development of moral education of children of preschool age;
- To find a way to design a didactic material necessary for the formation of moral education of children from a comparative analysis of samples of Azerbaijani and Turkish folklore that embodies the traditions Turanism;
- In the classroom with children 3-6 years old, in hours of entertainment by means of their training to manage an ax, a hammer, a saw, plastering trowel, a meter (to measure), crane, tractor, harvester and other tools, it is possible to instill such qualities as speed ,, brave, honest work, courage, patience, and so on. etc .;
Literature
1. Hashimov, A., Sh, Sadigov, F.B. Folk pedagogy Azerbaijan (textbook). Baku. Publishing house "Unsiyat", 2000, 272 pp. / In Azeri. lang. /
2. Hashimov. A., Sh. Sadigov F.B. Anthology of Azerbaijani folk pedagogy. Baku, ed. ASPU, 1993, 127 pp. / In Azeri. lang. /
3. Rustamov, F. A History of Education. Baku, "Nurlan", 2006, 748 pp. / In Azeri. lang. /
4. Osman, Nuri Topbas. Thinking. Baku, Publishing House of the "Silk Road", 2010 / on Turets. lang /
5. Rzayev, A.H., Rustamov, F. A Pedagogy. "Nurlan", 2007, 462 pp. / In Azeri. lang. /
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