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MEDICAL SCIENCES / «©0LL®@UMm-J0y©MaL» 2024
MEDICAL SCIENCES
Zeynalov Huseyn Akram
Doctor of Philosophy in Medicine,assistent Department of Pediatric Dentistry Aliyev Tarlan Yagubaga Doctor of Philosophy in Medicine,assistant Department of Pediatric Dentistry Kalbiyeva Nargiz A libakhish Department of Pediatrik Dentistry Assistant Azerbaijan Medical University Baku, Azerbaijan DOI: 10.24412/2520-6990-2024-7200-42-43 METHODS FOR PREVENTING CARIES IN CHILDREN OF DIFFERENT AGES
Abstract.
Pediatric dentistry is a branch of medicine designed to take care of children's teeth. Prevention, treatment, including correction of congenital defects — this is what pediatric dentists are an expert in. It has long been known that preventing a disease is much simpler and easier than treating it. Prevention of dental diseases has long been given a huge place in the life and work of dentists. Caries prevention should begin in the prenatal period and continue throughout life. Our task is to prevent the intensive development of caries in children in both milk and permanent teeth. This article pays attention to the prevention of caries in children of different ages, and highlights methods for the prevention of caries in milk and permanent teeth.
Key words: pediatric dentistry, dental caries, caries prevention.
Dental caries in children, especially under 7 years of age, remains one of the main problems in dentistry, despite numerous methods of its prevention and ongoing scientific developments in this direction. Lasting results of treatment and reduction of relapses of major dental diseases in children can be achieved only by combining specific therapy with adaptogenic prophylaxis, which brings adaptive-compensatory reactions in the body and oral cavity to a normal physiological level, starting from the cellular level. When preventing dental caries, optimal conditions must be created in the child's body for remineralization processes under the influence of calcium and fluorine-containing drugs. First of all, it is necessary to normalize functional reactions that will ensure the balance of de- and remineral-ization processes in the hard tissues ofteeth and the creation of a complete hydroxyapatite structure in them In addition, it is necessary to ensure the penetration of calcium-, phosphorus- and fluorine-containing drugs into the interprismatic areas of tooth enamel during remineralization therapy to form a complete structure of hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite [1,2]. Thus, with optimal prevention, it is necessary to combine in a certain sequence both effects that increase nonspecific resistance and normalize functional reactions and processes in the oral cavity, and specific therapy, which is used in the prevention of dental caries in children. Therefore, at the first stage, we recommend systemic and local treatment for one month with the following drugs. Systemically: vitamin therapy depending on age (up to 2 years - Kiddi or Alvetil; from two to 4 years - Kinderbiovital; from 4 to 12 years - Multitabs; from 12 years - Esmin or Triovit) . Then adaptogens of plant origin (Biotrit-S, aloe, FiBS), as well as drugs that normalize the micro -flora of the oral cavity (Baktulin, Linex, Bifiform). Locally: the use of dental elixirs, which simultaneously
prevent the formation of plaque with the help of detergents and normalize the microflora of the oral cavity (Sanodent dental elixir); applications with remineraliz-ing solutions (3% Namacite solution, Remodent); hygienic toothpastes. Second stage: systemically continue to use adaptogens of plant origin for a month, only in increased dosages, since the body has become accustomed to them At the second stage, calcium preparations are also used systemically (Calcium-D, Ca Gluconate, Calcite, Calcid, Calcium-D3 Nycomed, Ca Glycerophosphate). We give preference to Ca glycer-ophosphate, since it contains an optimal calcium to phosphorus ratio of 1.67, which is considered optimal for enamel hydroxyapatite. But when prescribing it, it is necessary to take into account contraindications, which are kidney diseases. Locally, we recommend using dental elixirs that contain enzymes to break down the cell membranes of bacteria and fungi (Lysodent, Orange), and toothpastes containing calcium and phosphates. To enhance their effect, it is necessary to use electrophoretic toothbrushes Habitus+. In clinically severe cases, we recommend the manufacture of individual dental trays and the use of various remineralizing gels and pastes (R.O.C.S., Tut-mousse) in the form of applications. Third stage: creation of full-fledged fuo-rapatite in the mineral base of the enamel. In case of severe caries (multiple caries, acute caries), we recommend the systemic use of fluoride preparations, starting from the age of 7 (Biotrit-Denta). Locally: deep fluoridation of enamel according to Knappvost, which allows you to create a stable source of fluoride in the tooth at the enamel-dentin boundary; if necessary - in the complete absence of enamel in teeth of temporary occlusion (amelogenesis imperfecta) - impregnation of such teeth with silver nitrate, more effective together with deep
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fluoridation every three months. Locally, we also recommend using dental elixirs that contain fluorides (Bi-odent-3), toothpastes containing fluorides, which must be used with electrophoretic toothbrushes (Habitus-) to enhance the effect; according to indications - sealing of dental fissures, applications with fluoride solutions, use of fluoride gels (GC MI Paste Plus) using individual aligners. To increase the effectiveness of specific prevention of dental caries in children and prolong its effect in conditions of increasing prevalence of this disease, environmental and social stress, it is necessary to carry out preparatory stages ofprevention [3,4].
Conclusion.
Thus, it is important to balance the de- and remin-eralization reactions in the hard tissues of teeth, which are responsible for the formation of a complete structure of hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite with a perfect crystal structure. The result of each stage should be the creation of conditions for maximum effectiveness of preventive therapy in subsequent stages.
A staged prevention of dental caries in children was carried out. The goal of each stage was to create conditions for maximum effectiveness of preventive therapy.
References.
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2 . Леонтьев В .К ., Кисельникова Л .П . Детская терапевтическая стоматология: национальное руководство. - ГЭОТАРМедиа. - 2010. - С. 345.
3 . Мак-Дональд Ральф Е ., Дейвид Р . Эйвери . Стоматология детей и подростков. - МИА. - 2003. - С. 215.
4 . Персин С ., Елизарова В .М ., Дьякова С .В . Стоматология детского возраста. - Медицина. -2008. - С. 108.
