CC BY
12
UDC: 378.30
Ochilova N.S.
teacher of the department of interfaculty foreign languages
faculty of foreign languages Andijan State University Uzbekistan, Andijan
METHODS AND TECHNIQUES FOR THE FORMATION OF SPEECH
CULTURE OF STUDENTS AT THE LESSONS OF ENGLISH
LANGUAGE
Abstract: This article examines the essence of speech culture. By analyzing the teaching materials of English language, basic exercises that form the culture of students have been updated.
Key words: speech culture, speech development, methods and techniques for the formation of speech culture, orthoepy, English language.
The relevance of this topic is that students need to form the habit of pronouncing words correctly, because a competent speech culture will help in the future to maintain dialogue, communication and it is difficult to solve the upcoming ones.
Nowadays, you can meet many young people who make elementary mistakes in words, such mistakes should be excluded at the stage of education in primary school.
There are different points of view on the definition of speech culture. The speech culture is the mastery of the norms of the literary language in its oral and written form, in which there is a choice and organization of linguistic means that provide the desired effect in achieving the assigned communication tasks while observing the ethics of communication in a particular situation.
The speech culture as a set of basic qualities (clarity, accuracy, consistency, consistency, meaningfulness, richness of vocabulary, emotionality, imagery, expressiveness and correct pronunciation), which allows the speaker to influence the addressee in the most effective way, taking into account the purpose of the statement, the place , situation and conditions of communication.
The speech culture is the storage, collection and selection of the best samples of speech activity and adherence to the norms of the literary language.
The speech culture of students is considered one of the important problems in teaching the English language. This direction is actualized by the State Educational Standard, which speaks of the modern methodology of the English language, it implies the formation of an attentive attitude in students to the word, to its use; the formation of the ability to perceive and evaluate the pictorial and expressive aspect of a speech utterance, as well as skillfully use it in one's own speech.
The development of speech of students according to the methodological research of scientists are aimed at ensuring continuity and continuity in the development of the speech of schoolchildren at the respective levels of education.
The development of speech in younger schoolchildren is carried out in two main directions: intensive vocabulary replenishment and ensuring the transformation of cognitive processes.
The formation of speech occurs not only due to linguistic abilities, expressed in the child's own instinct for language, but also due to the fact that the child listens to how the word sounds and evaluates this sound.
A foreign language learner who enrolled in school needs to move from "their own program" of teaching speech to the program required by the school. Students use situational speech, which is appropriate in the context of direct involvement in the situation. But the teacher is mainly interested in contextual speech, because it is an indicator of the level of development of the child's speech. With sufficient mastering of the basics of contextual speech: to speak in order to keep the interlocutor's attention, and not to express. Most often this happens with loved ones or peers during game communication.
Learning speech activity differs from speech activity in natural conditions in that the content, goals, motives of educational speech do not come only from the activity, motives and desires of the individual in the broad sense of the word, but are set artificially. One of the important problems of improving the speech development system is a correctly set topic, interest in it, a desire to take part in its discussion, as well as stimulation of the work of foreign language learners.
The development of a student's speech requires constant pedagogical guidance and for this it is necessary to create optimal conditions that contribute to the successful development of speech.
So, the students need to form certain knowledge about speech, that is, with the help of conversation, you can narrate, reason, evaluate and describe something. Also in the judgment there should be a theme and main idea, with the help of which sentences are built.
There are many techniques and techniques that are aimed at developing speech. The following types of exercises are used in the primary school methodology: questions with a detailed answer, a variety of text exercises, keeping various diaries, oral retelling of the material read, oral or written story based on a picture, written presentation of texts based on a sample, dialogues in the form of retelling and independent dialogues between pupils, oral drawing, design, composing stories on a given topic, composing crosswords, writing.
The above listed methods and techniques are necessary for a younger student at the exit from primary school in order for him to be able to use his knowledge in life, to be able to communicate; possessed an inner culture, and also acted and solved problems in all situations.
Methods and techniques for the formation of the speech culture of students are aimed, first of all, at the formation of communicative skills - this is the ability
to listen and hear others; the ability to participate in free conversation; the ability to be attentive to oneself and others; the ability to understand the feelings and moods of others; the ability to be aware of their actions and the actions of others.
Now, after we have considered what speech culture is, how the development of speech is carried out in primary school age, what methods and techniques exist. After all, a competent speech culture cannot do without knowledge of orthoepy. And depending on how the students pronounce this or that word, where they will put the stress, so the people around them will perceive and understand their speech. Therefore, there are many rules for the correct pronunciation of vowels and consonants, depending on their position in the word. In this regard, for the purity and correctness of speech.
Exercises for the development of speech culture are included in the curriculum. Let us analyze the didactic materials of the teaching materials on the English language.
At present, methodologists believe that pronunciation training should be conducted throughout the entire period of language learning, although the role of this work and its nature should change at different stages of training.34
Determination of the number of sounds and letters, comparison of sound and letter designations of words, determination of identical and different sounds, sound designation of words, pronunciation of sounds.
Pronunciation of vowel sounds, the difference between vowel sounds and consonants, sound-alphabetic analysis, the choice of a letter to denote an unstressed vowel sound in each word, pronunciation of words with unstressed vowel sounds at the root of each word.
Determination of the peculiarities of pronunciation and sounding of consonants, finding similarities and differences in the meaning and writing of consonants, sound analysis, determining voiceless (voiced) consonants, finding words with a hissing sound, dividing hissing consonants into hard and soft, designating a paired consonant sound, mapping letter patterns to sound patterns, comparing the pronunciation and spelling of words.
Several types of phonetic exercises were presented, which are aimed at the formation and development of the pronunciation and intonation skills of students, as well as facilitating the repetition and consolidation of lexical and grammatical material not only at the initial, but also at the subsequent stages of training. The use of phonetic exercises has several advantages:
1. regular phonetic exercises improves students' articulation skills;
2. students can hear by hearing long and short English sounds, Russian and English sounds.35
34 Matkarimova G. Pronunciation training is based on methodological principles. International scientific journal. Economy and society. № 6(73) -s.: 2020.
35 Matkarimova G. The use of the phonetic exercises to develop of speech skills in english lessons. International scientific journal. Economy and society. № 6(73) -s.: 2020.
Analysis of didactic materials allows us to conclude that basic exercises contribute to the formation of speech culture. Of course, speech culture also depends on the general culture of a person, that is, on his upbringing and society. When performing basic exercises, the child improves the ability to hear the vowels and consonants of the English language in a word, pronounce them correctly, establish the sequence of sounds in a word, determine the qualitative characteristics of the sounds of the English language. Thus, it can be argued that speech culture is formed in the lessons of the English language.
List of references:
1. Matkarimova G. Pronunciation training is based on methodological principles. International scientific journal. Economy and society. № 6(73) -s.: 2020.
2. Matkarimova G. The use of the phonetic exercises to develop of speech skills in english lessons. International scientific journal. Economy and society. №2 6(73) -s.: 2020.
3. Ramazanova D.A., Sultanakhmedova K.A., Khasbulatova H.M. Some methodological methods of forming a culture of speech among primary school
