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DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2021-16-3-33-43
Methodology of sports training improving among qualified Greco-Roman style wrestlers based on motor actions extrapolation
Andrey V. Rafaenkov*, Aleksey N. Ilkin, Elena E. Panova
I. N. Ulyanov State Pedagogical University, Ulyanovsk, Russia ORCID: 0000-0002-1031-6944 wrest.rafe@yandex.ru*
ORCID: 0000-0002-1832-7234 sportfak71@mail.ru ORCID: 0000-0003-0187-8950 elena funina@mail.ru
Abstract: Nowadays sports training of Greco-Roman style wrestlers requires the search for new, effective ways of training process improvement. Muscle load volume and intensity increase conditions the need for focusing on a personality-oriented approach. It allows identifying additional reserves for sportsmanship and the effectiveness of competitive activity improvement in combatants. Materials. We created the method of training construction using the ability to realize motor acts extrapolation. This approach significantly reduces the number of the performed preparatory and introductory exercises with similar structural content; decreases the volume of the training load. Research methods. The research was carried out on the basis of the regional state public establishment of sports training (RSPEST) "Wrestling Sports School of the Olympic Reserve named after A. I. Vinnik". 24 wrestlers (14-16 years old): candidate master of sports, the 1st sports category athletes took part in the research. The following methods were used in the work: scientific and methodological literature on the research problem analysis, observation, physical and technical readiness testing, video analysis, pedagogical experiment, modeling method, expert evaluation method, statistical processing of the data. The basis of the pedagogical research was to develop a model of technical readiness improvement in 14-16 year-old wrestlers on the basis of motor actions extrapolation. The wrestlers from CG trained according to the program of the sports school. In the EG we used the created by us methodology of motor actions extrapolation skills formation. For the pedagogical experiment results validity we organized the initial indices of sports training testing in the wrestlers and their indices analysis after the research. Results. Owing to motor skills extrapolation use we received the results. They proved the level of sports readiness increase in the qualified wrestlers from the EG in comparison with the CG according to the following indices: mannequin drop-back within 6 minutes; bowling a partner over; turnover with neck and body hold from below; equal weight partner drop-back; modified pull-up at a bar; a two hand bar snatch; 5000 meters running. Conclusion. The results of the pedagogical experiment confirmed the effectiveness of using created by us model of technical readiness indices increase in qualified wrestlers based on motor actions extrapolation. Coaches and qualified wrestlers should know that taking into account motor acts extrapolation in case of structural similarity to the main technical actions, helps to decrease the volume of the training load and the intensity of physical exercises fulfillment. It optimizes the effectiveness of the training process.
Keywords: Greco-Roman style wrestlers, technical readiness, motor skills extrapolation, pedagogical experiment.
For citation: Andrey V. Rafaenkov*, Aleksey N. Ilkin, Elena E. Panova. Methodology of sports training
improving among qualified Greco-Roman style wrestlers based on motor actions extrapolation. Russian
Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2021; 16(3): 29-37. DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2021-16-3-33-43.
INTRODUCTION
The training level increase, sportsmanship improvement among Greco-Roman style wrestlers is a long-term process. It demands constant search for new approaches to training lessons organization, more effective means, methods of teaching and training revelation. They provide the main motor-
coordinating qualities increase: general and special endurance, muscle power, quickness, body steadiness, speed of motor reaction and others [4,
8, 9].
V.A. Aikin, 2014; A.S. Kuznetsov, 2017 and others consider that a rational technique of the attacking and defensive actions mastering is
conditioned by different factors: repeated physical exercises; effective choice of the preparatory and involving motor actions, speed of their fulfillment; an optimal ratio of the training loads volume and intensity and etc.
Specialists in wrestling G.S. Tumanyan, 2000; A.S. Kuznetsov, 2002; Yu.Yu. Krikukha, 2009; A.I. Ivanov, 2010; A.M. Abakarov and others mention that correctly chosen preparatory and involving exercises are very important for technical readiness increase among wrestlers in case they have similar structural content with the basis of the attacking throws technique. Great amount of motor acts inclusion (which have similar structural content) into the training lessons of wrestlers provides considerable muscle work volume and excessive energy expenditure increase. We created the method of training construction using the ability to realize motor acts extrapolation. This approach significantly reduces the number of the performed preparatory and introductory exercises with similar structural content, decreases the training load volume and intensity; additional time is given to form an individual style of wrestling, creative approach to variability of techniques and ways of their realization revelation, which considerably increases the arsenal of wrestlers' technique [10,11].
The aim of the research is theoretical-methodical importance substantiation of motor actions extrapolation skills formation for technical readiness indices increase in Greco-Roman style wrestlers.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The following methods were used in the research: scientific and methodological literature on the research problem analysis, observation, physical and technical readiness testing, video analysis, pedagogical experiment, modeling method, expert evaluation method, statistical processing of the data. Pedagogical experiment was realized on the basis of the regional state public establishment of sports training (RSPEST) "Wrestling Sports School of the Olympic Reserve named after A. I. Vinnik". For the research results comparison two groups were formed: the control group (CG) and the experimental group (EG). Each group included
12 wrestlers (candidate master of sports, the 1st category athletes). In the CG educational-training lessons were held in accordance with the program of sports training at a sports school of the Olympic reserve. In the EG created by us methodology of motor actions extrapolation skills formation was used. During the pedagogical experiment it was revealed that the specificity of wrestlers' competitive activity was conditioned by the following:
- technical methods choice depending on motor actions of the opponent;
- character of the changing wrestling situations on the wrestling mat;
- quickness of motor reactions and etc.
It proves the expediency of a dynamic stereotype formation as a steady integral system. During the motor skill formation vegetative components are formed. They are necessary for an effective wrestlers' competitive activity. Among Greco-Roman style wrestlers muscle load is accumulated at the upper and lower extremities, that is why blood supply is realized evenly, increasing during drop-back in stand and the pit and other techniques. They demand considerable muscle tension.
Learning difficult attacking actions is accompanied by stimulation irradiation in central nervous system. It conditions the necessity to control consciousness during structural elements of this technical method fulfillment. During motor skill strengthening attention is paid to the leading component of the motor act technique. At the same time minor details are fulfilled without consciousness control. The intensity of a motor skill mastering is a stimulation concentration in the definite group of nerve cell of cerebrum. Around it there process of inhibition appears and isolates these groups of nerve centers. It gains independent value [6,8,9,12,13].
In the pedagogical experiment great amount of time was given to physical and special physical readiness indices increase in the EG wrestlers, as the speed and quality of wrestling techniques mastering directly depends on the level of general and special endurance, speed-power oriented qualities, body steadiness and other motor-coordinating qualities development. During the training lessons
organization in the EG we realized the objectives of into account the factors. They condition the ability different forms extrapolation mastering and taking to realize extrapolation (fig. 1).
Fig. 1. Model of technical readiness improvement in Greco-Roman style wrestlers on the basis of motor actions extrapolation
Created by us methodology of motor actions extrapolation formation provides the mastered attacking actions fulfillment in different conditions of interaction with the partners and opponents:
- on tatami with different parameters of hardness; smaller size, by means of the working area restriction with yellow or orange strips;
- with the tempo of motor actions increase according to sound signal given by a coach;
- in the combat with the wrestler of a heavier
weight category;
- combat organization after the preliminary muscle load (series of squats with the barbell; pull-up with the weighted belt; skipping with weight and etc.).
The ability to realize extrapolation of motor acts in case of similar structure with the main technical methods helps to decrease the volume of the training load and the intensity of the exercises fulfillment, owing to which the following important
conditions are formed:
- for individual phenotypic, age-related and other peculiarities of wrestlers study;
- personality-oriented approach realization to their sports training organization;
- an individual style of combat conduct formation;
- active participation in a creative process of searching for more effective means and methods of teaching and training;
- searching for new forms of lessons;
- more progressive ways of the training process improvement [6].
In the EG wrestlers fulfilled techniques in more difficult conditions: with tempo-rhythm parameters change; in terms of tiredness, with the set tempo preservation till the end of the combat and etc.. Preparatory and introductory exercises were chosen according to the degree of their similar structural content with competitive exercises; taking into account the influence of the additional, secondary, preparatory and introductory elements on the basis of vegetative functions of an organism improvement: breathing, blood circulation, metabolism and etc.. They provide motor activity.
In order to define the effectiveness of created by us model of technical readiness increase in the Greco-Roman style wrestlers on the basis of motor actions extrapolation and its influence on the dynamics of general and special physical readiness at the beginning of the pedagogical experiment and after it the following complexes of special control exercises were held:
- amount of mannequin drop-backs within 6 minutes (with a minute break 2x3 min);
- bowling a partner over (in points);
- turnover with neck and body hold from below (in points);
- equal weight partner drop-back within 20 seconds (quantity);
- modified pull-up at a bar (quantity);
- a two hand bar snatch (kg);
- 5000 m running (min).
Technical readiness tests were evaluated by means of expert estimation. The team of experts included 5 highly-qualified Greco-Roman wrestling coaches of regional state public establishment
of sports training (RSPEST) "Wrestling Sports School of the Olympic Reserve named after A. I. Vinnik". Technical actions of wrestlers were estimated according to 5-point scale. We took into consideration the following criteria:
5 points - rational relative position, the increasing tempo of motor acts fulfillment, energetic body "swinging" of the opponent, timely choice of technical action beginning;
4 points - an objective estimation of relative position, successful hold for a technical action fulfillment, insufficient amplitude of the opponent's body "swinging". It conditions muscle tension change;
3 points - not accurate relative position, light hold during the technical action, too long body "swinging". It conditions the tempo of a motor act decrease;
2 points -weak hold during the technical action, the absence of motor actions conformity, insufficient amplitude of body "swinging". It conditions not qualitative technique fulfillment;
1 point - the attempts to fulfill a technical action without the preliminary opponent's body "swinging".
These tests helped to reveal the initial indices of speed-power oriented qualities and special endurance for determination the respondents selection homogeneity in the CG and the EG according to the level of qualification, sports readiness and age-related indices.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The level of technical readiness in wrestlers and also the effectiveness of their competitive activity are conditioned by the indices of speed-power oriented qualities, body steadiness, motor reaction quickness and other indices. They characterize the degree of physical readiness.
Studying the dynamics of physical readiness indices during the pedagogical experiment was realized using special tests. It helps to get their objective estimation.
General physical readiness dynamics analysis in the wrestlers of the CG and the EG showed that its change was uneven. The initial indices in the CG in pull-up were the following: 25,1±1,9 times, to
the end of the pedagogical experiment the results were 26,9±1,5 times (p>0,05); in the EG with the initial results 24,9±2,0 times, their increase was 29,1±1,3 times (p>0,05) fig. 2).
It proves positive influence of a new approach to the process of technical training among 14-16 year-old Greco-Roman style wrestlers on the basis of motor actions extrapolation. Owing to the skills of motor acts extrapolation wrestlers from the EG got the opportunity to spend more time for general physical development as the base of technical-tactical training.
A two hand bar snatch characterizes the power of shoulder girdle, the upper extremities, spine muscles and other muscle groups, which are very important for drop-back throws and other attacking techniques fulfillment.
In the CG with the initial indices 78,9±7,3 kg to the end of the pedagogical experiment the results increased till 80,1±6,7 kg (p>0,05); in the EG with the initial results 79,1±7,1 kg the progress was 83,0±5,1 kg (p>0,05) (picture 3). Higher results among the EG wrestlers are due to created by us methodology of motor actions extrapolation skills formation. It helped wrestlers to realize the mechanism of this generally developing exercise influence on muscle power indices increase, which are very important for wrestlers.
5000 m running characterizes the level of general endurance development. In the CG the indices at the beginning of the pedagogical experiment were 24,1±1,9 min, by the end of the experiment the indices improved till 22,3±1,7 min (p>0,05) (picture 4); in the EG with the initial results 23,9±2,3 min. the improvement was till 20,9±2,1 min. It proves the potential of the offered by us direction of sports training system among wrestlers.
Different preparatory and introductory exercises use helped to define the most effective ones for each wrestler taking into account his height and weight parameters, phenotypic and other individual peculiarities. It provided considerable increase of technical readiness indices among wrestlers.
While fulfilling mannequin drop-back within 6 minutes with a minute break (2хз min) (fig. 5) in the CG the results were the following: with
the initial results 81,9±1,8 times by the end of the pedagogical experiment the indices improved till 83,1±2,7 times - 1,94% (p>0,05), in the EG, with the initial results 81,6±2,1 times the increase was till 84,7±1,3 times - 4,17% (p>0,05).
More considerable results increase in the EG is explained by more effective preparatory and introductory exercises selection, which provided the peculiarities of the technique of this motor action understanding and the efficiency of motor acts increase.
During the technique of bowling a partner over estimation in the CG with the initial results 2,4±0,5 points, by the end of the pedagogical experiment the indices increased till 3,1±0,2 points, in the EG the initial results were 2,3±0,7 points, the improvement was till 4,1±0,3 points - 18,8% (p>0,05) (fig. 6). Higher indices among the wrestlers from the EG we explain by the use of motor actions extrapolation skills formation methodology (with similar structural content of the studied technique).
The indices of the attacking method technique (turnover with neck and body hold from below) change in the CG and the EG was also uneven. In the CG with the initial results 3,1±0,3 points by the end of the experiment the indices improved till 3,6±0,2 points - 3,44% (p>0,05); in the EG with the initial results 2,9±0,6 points the indices increased and were 4,3±0,2 points - 24,12% (p>0,05) (picture 7). It is connected, in our opinion, with more accurate understanding the technique peculiarity of this attacking method by the wrestlers from the EG, owing to the ability to realize motor acts extrapolation.
In the CG with the initial results for equal weight partner drop-back within 20 seconds 8,3±0,4 times by the end of the pedagogical experiment the indices increased till 9,8±0,7 times - 5,41% (p>0,05); in the EG with the initial indices 8,4±0,4 times the results improved and were 13,9±0,3 times (p>0,05) (picture 8). It is also explained by the use of the methodology of motor actions extrapolation skills formation.
29' 28' 27' 26' 25' 24' 23'
_
□ Control group ■ Experimental group
Initial data
After the pedagogical experiment
Stages of the pedagogical experiment
Fig. 2. Dynamics of physical readiness indices among 14-16 year-old wrestlers (Pull-up, quantity)
83 8281 80 7978-
A
rr*
□ Control group ■ Experimental group
Initial data
After the pedagogical experiment
Stases of the nedasosical experiment
Fig. 3- Dynamics of physical readiness indices among 14-16 year-old wrestlers (A two hand
bar snatch, kg)
25' 24' 23 22' 21 20
A
A y
) A
m
Am ■ w
□ Control group ■ Experimental group
Initial data
After the pedagogical Stages of the pedagogical experiment experiment
Fig. 4. Dynamics of physical readiness indices among 14-16 year-old wrestlers (5000 m
running, min)
□ Control group ■ Experimental group
Initial data
After the pedagogical experiment
Stages of the pedagogical experiment
Fig. 5. Dynamics of physical readiness indices among 14-16 year-old wrestlers (mannequin drop-back within 6 minutes with a minute break 2x3 min, quantity)
3,5
2,5
□ Control group ■ Experimental group
Initial data
After the pedagogical experiment
Stages of the pedagogical experiment
Fig. 6. Dynamics of physical readiness indices among 14-16 year-old wrestlers (bowling a
partner over, points)
1413 1211 1098-
□ Control group ■ Experimental group
Initial data
After the pedagogical experiment
Stages of the pedagogical experiment
Fig. 7.
Dynamics of physical readiness indices among 14-16 year-old wrestlers (turnover with neck and body hold from below, points)
4
3
2
3,5'
2,5'
A
z:
□ Control group ■ Experimental group
Initial data
After the pedagogical experiment
Stages of the pedagogical experiment
Fig. 8. Dynamics of physical readiness indices among 14-16 year-old wrestlers (equal weight partner drop-back within 20 seconds, quantity)
4
3
2
CONCLUSION
The results of the pedagogical experiment prove the effectiveness of this methodology, the use of which helped wrestlers from the experimental group to show higher results in technical readiness.
The research offers another approach to the effectiveness of competitive activity improvement among wrestlers. It is based on a rational use of the ability to realize motor actions extrapolation, which have similar structural content with the technique of the attacking methods. Using this direction of wrestlers' sports training system improvement conditioned the model projection of technical readiness indices increase among the athletes on the basis of extrapolation phenomenon; physiological mechanism of motor acts extrapolation revelation; the methodology of motor acts extrapolation skills formation among 14-16 year-old wrestlers. The results of the pedagogical experiment showed the effectiveness of this way of the training and competitive activity efficiency increase among 14-16 year-old Greco-Roman style wrestlers.
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Submitted: 30.07.2021 Author's information:
Andrey V. Rafaenkov - Undergraduate, IN. Ulyanov State Pedagogical University, 432071, Russia, Ulyanovsk, Lenin square, House 4/5, e-mail: wrest.rafe@yandex.ru
Aleksey N. Ilkin - Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, IN. Ulyanov State Pedagogical University, e-mail: sportfak71@mail.ru
Elena E. Panova - Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, IN. Ulyanov State Pedagogical University, 432071, Russia, Ulyanovsk, Lenin square, House 4/5, e-mail: elenafunina@mail.ru
