Methodological problems of interpreting the judicial precedent (on the example of England) Текст научной статьи по специальности «Право»



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АА ^ЦЦ фÇфunфшJnlpJшQ, ungÇnLnqÇmjÇ U ÇpminiQpÇ ÇQumÇmnimÇ hmjgnpq

lUSUhllb ЪШиЦ'№<ПЬ иЪЪЪИРиГЬПШЗиЪ

иьтуштьашь ^ьиъшиъпьгъыс

(UbQLhU3h OPhbUkíM)

UnijQ qÇmm^mQ hnqím&niü hmQqmümQnpbQ qÇmmpïiniû t qmmm^mQ npnßümQ qmmámnmpmQm-ÏmQ ümup: ^.bppi&íniü U üb^QmpmQíniü bQ qnp&bpÇ iniôniûQbpÇ hmümp mQhpmdbßm pnpp qnp&nqni-pjniQQbpQ ni bqmQm^Qbpp:

UÇmdmûmQmï, qmmm^mQ QшËшqbщp Q^mpmqpíniü t qbqniïmÇi U ÇQqniïmÇi mbumQïjniQÇg: Ammniï ßbßmmqpiniü bQ hmümQümQnipjmüp (mQmLnqÇmjn^) U hbmUmpmQnipjmüp (uÇLLnqÇummïmQ óUní) ^mjmgím& qmmm^mQ npnßniüQbpp: übp^mjmg^niü bQ QmU npnß qb^gbp, npnQg ^m^m^gnipjmüp pmgm^mjniü bQ QшËшqbщшJÇQ qnp&bp: ü^mpmqpíniü t qpmQg hbmUmQpQbpp:

4[пШшршпЬр- i]LuimuljLu(i прп^тй, Giujuiuqbu/, líbpmjiupiuGmpjmG, qhqmljgpiu, ptiqmljgpiu, ijuiuiui-L¡uiG iqwuiáwnwpwGmpjmG, upipiqpqií, luGuiinqpiu:

äbmnipJшQ U Ç^iniQgÇ mbunipJшQ ni qmm-únipJшQ qÇmnipjniQp qшmшïшQ QшËшqbщÇQ шш^ t ïbQmpnQшïшQ qbp, gшQÇ np Ç^^^Q Qnpúbpp, npnQg Uu hшQqÇuшQnlй bQ Ç^^niQgÇ hÇйQшïшQ шqpJnlp U ^qúniú bQ qnp&nq opbQgQb-pÇ hÇйQшшшppp, pшíшpшp ^bp^ní ¿bQ íbpшhu-Ïniù qÇQшйÇï ungÇшLшïшQ hшpшpbpnlpJnlQQbpp: UjumbqÇg ¿l LpшgnlgÇ¿ íbpшhuïnq qbp t Ïmmm-pniú qшmшïшQ QшËшqbщp:

АbшUшpшp, Qщшmшï hbшшщQqbLní pQni-pшqpbL qшmшïшQ QшËшqbщp np^bu ÇpшínlQgÇ шqpJnlp, шQhpшdb2m t uшhúшQbL qшmшïшQ Qш-ËшqbщÇ Q2шQшïnlpJnlQp, pшдшhшJmbL Qpш ^ш-nnig^&gp, pníшQqшïnlpJnlQQ ni hÇйQшïшQ hшmïшQÇ2Qbpp, шшppbpшïbL ibpçÇQÇu <^шшш-^Q щpшïшÇïш» hшuïшдnlpJnlQÇд, hbmшqnmbL qшmшïшQ QшËшqbщÇ^ np^bu ÇpшínlQgÇ ш^т-pÇ mbqp ÇpшíшïшQ hшйшïшpqnlй U щшpqbL ÙÇ 2шpg шJL Q2шQшïшLÇд hшpgbp:

ЦQqpшqшnQшLní pQqhшQnlp ÇpшínlQgÇ пш-úшïшpqÇQ' qÇmQшïшQQbpQ nшnlйQшuÇpnlpJnlQ-QbpÇ hbmUшQgní hшQqbL bQ шJQ bqpшïшдnlpJшQ, np qшmшïшQ npn2niùQbpÇ qшmöшnшpшQnl-pjniQQbpniú qшшшínpQbpp щшpшшínp bQ шшp-pbpшïbL qpшQg (hÇйQшínpйшQ hшúшp) шQhpш-dbßm U Q2^í hшшíш&Qbpp: ÀQq npniú,

pum ibpçÇQQbpÇu, hbQg Óbng pbp^í фшuшbpÇ

íbpLni&nipjniQQ ni QbpïшJшдíш& qшшöшnшpш-

1

QnipjniQQbpQ bQ Ijiuqü'ni ü' liquid qnp&nqnipjuiQ ÏшшшpйшQ ^pbnp hÇùgp:

^шшшpшQÇ ÇpшíшïшQ щшш6шnшpшQnl-pjniQp (йbpnqшpшQnlpJnlQp) ^pnq t QïшpшqpíbL qbqni^mÇi ^шй ÇQqni^mÇi bqшQшïQbpnф Uju-

mbq ¿^bmg t hшQqbL шJQ bqpшïшдnlpJшQ, np пш-йшQйшQnlpJшQ ùÇçngni щшш6шnшpшQbLnl pQ-

pшgшïшpqp ^bmg t ïшшшpíÇ QшËшqbщÇ qn^m-

2

pjiümjjiü h tu ü' tu u( tu ui tu и 1 и tu ti : bmjumqbiqji qnljui-pÇQшJÇQ LÇniÇQ hшйшщшшшuËшQnq npnßniüQbpp ИшбшЁ ÏшJшдíbL bQ hbQg qшшшínpQbpÇ bq-pшhшQqnlйQbpÇ hbшUшQgní, U шJq Çuï щшшйш-nní ÇpшínlQgÇ nbшLÇuшшïшQ q^pngQ nl2шqpnl-pjniQ t qшpápbL qшшшïшQ qnp&pQpшgÇ Ïшpbnp шnшQáQшhшшïnlpJшQp:

ЦJu ïшщшïgnlpJшйp hшpï t QbpïшJшgQbL qшшшïшQ щшш6шnшpшQnlpJшQ hш6шËшïÇ hшQqÇщnд opÇQшï: Аш2ÍÇ шnQbLní шJQ hшQqш-йшQgp, np фшuшbpÇ íbpшpbpJШL qшшшïшQ qnp-&bpp шшpшpQnlJp bQ U шnшQáQшhшшïnlpJnlQQb-pní lÇ, niumÇ hQшpшínp t uшhйшQшфшïíbL Çpш-ÎniQgÇQ шQqpшqшpánд щшш6шnшpшQnlpJшйp:

ЦJQ hшpдp, pb шpqJn±g шQáÇ íшpgшqÇ&p hш-йшщшшшuËшQnlй t npn2шïÇ ¿шфшQÇ2QbpÇ, ÇQ^-^bu opÇQшï' ËbLшйÇш йшpqnlд шïQïшLÍnq ËQшйgp ^шй hnqшшшpnlpJnlQp, npnQg ùÇçngni ÏшpbLÇ t Lni&bL gшqшgшgÇшïшQ pшgpnцnlйQbpÇQ íbpшpbpínд npn2 ËQqÇpQbp, bppbùQ hшйшpínlй t ÇpшínlQgÇ йшц; 0QQшpïínq qnp&bpÇ шnшpïшQb-pÇ íbpшpbpJШL qшшшïшQ щшш6шnшpшQnlpJnlQ щшpnlQшïnд npn2niüQbpp ¿bQ hшQqÇuшQnlй Qш-Ëшqbщbp, йÇшQйшQ qnp&bpÇ qb^gniù qшшшínp-Qbpp Ïшpnд bQ hшйbйшшnlpJnlQ шQbL ibpçÇQQb-pÇu ùÇçU, uшïшJQ QnijQÇuï шJq qnp&nдnlpJшйp ¿bQ hшQqÇuшQnlй npUt Ïbp^ щшpшшínpíш&:

^шmшïшü щшш6шnшpшQnlpJшQ дшQïш-дш& QïшpшqpnlpJnlQ' np^bu qbqni^mÇi, hÇйQш-ÏшQnlй Ïшшшpínlй t фшuшшpïQbpÇ uÇpnqÇqùÇ

иг'шгц'шзпьтюь ь

(hbшbшpш QnlpJшQ) QщшшшïшhшpùшpnlpJшùp : UjQ ^^qnijQ ^bp^ní шpшшgnLÍnlù t qnp&Ç фшuшbpÇ Qïшшùшùp uшшшnlшÇ ïÇ^n^Q ÙÇ-çngni:

OpÇQшï, шpqJn±g qbqni^M qшшöшnшpш-QnipjniQ t hbшbJШLQ. «...pnjnp шqшùшpqÇï Ùшh-ÏшQшgnl bQ, UnÏpшшbuQ шqшùшpq t, hbшbшpшp UnÏpшшbuQ ùшhïшQшgnl t»: Uш, фшuшшgÇ, bq-pшïшgnlpJnlQ t, gшQÇ np Ьшцшшш4ш& фшuш t, np UnÏpшшbuQ QnijQ^bu ùшhïшQшgnl t: UjuÇQgQ* шJuшbq шQhpшdb2Ш ¿t hqniÙ ïшшшpbL ÙÇ 2шpg ÇpшíшïшQ ^QnQQbpÇQ:

^njnipjniQ niQbQ qbqnlïgÇшJÇ npnß pbuшbp, npnQg qnp&niù bQ ÇpшíшïшQ ^QnQQbpÇ ïÇpшn-ùшQ hbшbшQgní ïшJшgpш& bqpшïшgnlpJnlQQbpÇ Qïшшùшùp: bppbùQ ibpçÇQQbpÇu ïÇpшnnlÙQ qd-^pnipjniQ t шnш2шgQnlù: Uju^Çuni, ÇpшíшïшQ ^QnQÇ ípш hÇÙQ^fr uÇpnqÇqÙÇ íшíbpшïшQnl-PJшQ uшnlqùшQ dшùшQшï ^pnq t шпш?шйш[ щп2ш^ qd^pnipjniQ, gшQÇ np ШJQ шпш^шщш^ t ЬЬшЦ)ш!_ hшpgQ шpqJn±g bqpшïшgnlpJшQ Ùbp-dniÙQ hшQqbgQnlù t шJu ^Ù ШJQ qpnijpÇ ùbpdùш-Qq: °pb bqpшïшgnlpJшQ ùbpdniùp ¿Ç hшQqbgQnlù Ùbï ^Ù ÙÇ gшQÇ шл_ qpnijpQbpÇ ùbpdùшQ, шцш щшш6шnшpшQnlpJnlQQ hшùшpínlù t uËшl_: Uш-^jQ, ШJQ шnшpïnlpJnlQQ, np pbuшQ ¿Ç ^pnq hbß-шnlpJшùp ïÇpшníbL ÇpшíшïшQ qшшöшnшpш-QnlpJшQ ^^^Ьш шbuшïÇ Qïшшùшùp, ^pnq t

3

uipi|b| fipuit]uiljuiLi l]iutintitibp|i ^ipuil]iutiuic]i|mi pQnijpÇQ QщшuшbLnl ÙÇçngni hшùшqшшшuËшü qpnijpQbpp ábшïbpщblÇu:

^ш щЬшр t ш»^ nlQbQш Qшb b[Qbiní ШJQ фшuшÇg, np ÇpшíшïшQ ^QnQQbpÇ ùb&шùшuQnl-PJшQ qnp&nqnlpJшQ nlnpшQ шQnpn2 t: Unínpшpшp qnjnipjniQ niQÇ шJQщÇuÇ qnp&bpÇ щшhщшQnqш-^Q фngpшùшuQnlpJnlQ, npnQg Qïшшùшùp qpшQg ÏÇpшnblÇ bQ, uшïшJQ, hш2ÍÇ шnQblní qpшQg шQn-pnßnipjniQQ, шQËnluшфbLÇnpbQ, ïшu-

t шnш2шQnlù: äшhщшQnqшïшQ фngpшùшu-QnipjniQp hшqíшqbщ hшQqÇщnq bpbnijp t, nluшÇ opbQgÇ íbpшpbpJШL qшшшïшQ щшш6шnшpшQnl-PJшQ шnшpïш ^pnq t qшnQшL ùÇшJQ шpшш-^pq qb^gniÙ, gшQÇ np qш шnш2шgQnlù t фшц-шbpÇQ íbpшpbpnq hшpgbp: UQnpnß qnp&bpp hqniÙ bQ ïшшшpnlù opbQgÇ íbpшpbpJШL qшшшïшQ щшш6шnшpшQnlpJшQQ: M¿ íbpшpbpnlù t QpшQg ÏnqÙÇg np^bu qbqnlïшÇí qшuínq qшшöшnшpш-QnlpJшQ ùbïQшpшQùшQQ, шщш шJuшbq ШПШ^Ш-QniÙ t pJnlpÇùшgnlpJnlQ: Û2^&Ç щшш6шnQ ШJQ t, np npn2niÙQ ïшJшgínlù t ùÇQ¿b qшшöшnшpш-QnlpJшQ ïnqÙÇg uÇlLnqÇuшшïшQ áb ábng pbpbp:

UÇqnqÇqÙQ ábшínpínlù t n¿ ùÇшJQ фшuшbpÇ hшJшQшpbpíbLnlg hbшn, шл_ Qшb ^QnQQbpÇQ íb-pшpbpnq gшQïшgш& ÇpшíшïшQ ËQqpÇ Lni&niÙÇg hbшn: °pp qшшшïшQ npn2niÙQ hÇÙQ^fr t QшËш-qbщшJÇQ ÇpшínlQgÇ ípш, шnшQg npbt uшшшnl-шÇ hqniÙ ïшшшpbLnl, щшш6шnшpшQnlpJnlQQ ^ш-

4

pnq t übpl]iujuic]i|b| u|i||iiq|iuunul]iuti àbni| : bpp qшшшínpQ npn2niÙ t ïшJшgpbL hшùшщшшшu-ËшQ ïшQnQÇ nidní, шцш шJq npn2ÙшQ uшhùшQ-Qbpp b фшuшbpÁ, ÇQ¿щbu Qшb qшшшínpÇ bqpш-ÏшgnlpJnlQQbpÇ íшíbpшïшQnlpJnlQQ ïшpnq bQ hшuшшшíbL uшhùшQíш& ábní qbqnlïgÇшJÇ ÙÇçn-gní: UnijQ qb^niÙ uÇLLnqÇqÙp uщшníш& t: bpp uшшшnlшQbpÇ ïшù QшËшqbщbpÇ ïÇpшnnlpJшQQ шQqpшqшpá t ïшшшpínlù щшш6шnшpшQnlpJшQ QbpïшJшgùшQ фnllÇg hbшn, шцш qшшöшnшpш-QnlpJшQ uщшníblд ¿Ç фп^ш^ ibpçÇQÇu tшïшQn-pbQ qbqnlïшÇí LÇQbLni фшuшQ: üùшQ ÇpnqnipjniQ ¿tp ïшpnq шнш^шйш), bpb qbqnlïшÇí щшшбш-nшpшQnlpJnlQQ qnp&ш&íbp ÇpшíшïшQ фшuшшp-ÏÇ шíblÇ íшq фnlLnlù: UjQ ^pnq tp qnp&ш&íbL b° ËnphpqшшnlÇ фшuшшpïQbpÇ шpшùшpшQшïшQ uËшLQbpQ, b° QшËnpq qnp&niÙ qшшшïшQ цшш-6шnшpшQnlpJnlQQ pшgшhшJшbLnl Qщшшшïní, pшJg шJu hQшpшínpnlpJnlQQbpQ npbt ïbp^ ¿tÇQ фnфnËÇ ÇpшíшïшQ щшш6шnшpшQnlpJшQ ípш QшËшqbщшJÇQ ÇpшínlQgÇ b ùшuQшínpшщbu' QшËшqbщÇ qnïшpÇQшJÇ шqqbgnlpJnlQQ:

UjQ qшqшфшpQ, np opbQgÇ ùшuÇQ qшшшïшQ щшш6шnшpшQnlpJnlQQ ^pnq t 6Ç2Ш Qïшpшqp-Í»l np^bu ÇQqnlïшÇí, p^niÙ t ШJQ фшuшÇg, np qшшшínpQ Çp qnp&Ç npn2ÙшQ hшùшp hш6шËшïÇ t hqniÙ ïшшшpnlù Ùbï ïшù ÙÇ gшQÇ QшËnpq npn2niÙQbpÇ ïшQnQQbpÇQ: bppbÙQ Qш ÇQgQnipnijQ t ábшïbpщnlù npn2шïÇ ïшQnQ b ùÇшJQ шJQnlhbш hqniÙ ïшшшpnlù шQgJШL qnp&bpÇQ' uшnlqbLnl Qщшшшïní: Unш2ÇQ QQpшgшïшpqQ ïшpnq t QùшQíbL qÇшшïшQ ÇQqnlïgÇшJÇ, npшbq ùшuQш-ínp qbщgbpÇg ábшïbpщínlù t QQqhшQnlp шпш-2шpïnlpJnlQ ^Ù ^QqniÙ, Çuï bpïpnpq QQpшgш-^pqp ïшpnq t QùшQíbL bpÏpnpqшïшQ ÇQqniïgÇ-ШJÇ, npÇ ÙÇçngni ùшuQшínp qb^bpQ nlunlùQш- ^ uÇpiniÙ bQ шpqbQ Çuï ábшïbpщíш& QQqhшQnlp ^ шnш2шpïnlpJшQ ïшù щQqùшQ íшíbpшïшQnl- is PJшQ Ьшцшшшйшй ïшù ùbpdùшQ шbugní: |

Âbb QшËшqbщшJÇQ ÇpшínlQgQ hш2ÍÇ шnQnq ^ qшшшïшQ щшш6шnшpшQnlpJшQ b ÇQqnlïшÇí | QQpшgшïшpqbpÇ ÙÇçb hшùшQùшQnlpJnlQQ pшíш- -S, ÏшQÇQ щшpq t, шJQnlшùbQшJQÇí, qшшшïшQ | щшш6шnшpшQnlpJшQ ÇQqnlïшÇí Qïшpшqpnl- s pjniQp huшшï шpшшgnLnlù t qpшQg ÙÇçb шшppb-

иг'шгц'шзпьтюь ь

pnipjniQQbpQ: ^ÇшnlpJшQ шbuшQÏJnlQÇg ш^ш! qb^Q bppbÙQ hшùшщшшшuËшQnlù t QQqhшQnlp шnш2шpïnlpJшQ ábшïbpщùшQQ ^ù шpqbQ Çuï ábшïbpщíш& ^QnQÇ pbuшшínpùшQQ, gшQÇ np ÎbpçÇQÇu ÙÇçngni t фnpáшpïíbL шJq ^QnQp: fruï qшшшïшQ qnp&nlQbnlpJшQ шbuшQÏJnlQÇg Q2^& ^QnQQbpp Qщшшшï bQ hbшшщQqnlù ш2шïgbL ш^ш! qnp&ní npn2niÙ ïшJшgQblnlQ:

UjQ hшpgÇQ, pb шpqJn±g opbQgÇ íbpшpbpJШL qшшшïшQ щшш6шnшpшQnlpJnlQQ qbqnlïшÇí t, pb ÇQqnlïшÇí, QQqhшQnlp шnùшùp, hQшpшínp ¿t щшшшuËшQbL ШJQ hÇùQшínpùшùp, np шùbQQ t qnp&Ç hшúшqшшшuËшü фпц^д: Uj-QnlшùbQшJQÇí, uшшшnlшÇ ïÇpшnùшQ dшùшQшï ШJQ QQqniQ^fr t hшùшpbL qbqnlïшÇí, Çuï QшËш-qbщшJÇQ ÇpшínlQgÇ ïÇpшnùшQ dшùшQшï' ÇQ-qnlïшÇí: ûnijQÇuï шJu QQqniQ^fr ùnшbgnlùQbpÇ hшùшp qnjnipjniQ niQbQ bpïni hÇùQшínp шnшp-ïnipjniQQbp: Unш2ÇQ шnшpïnlpJnlQQ ïшJшQnlù t QpшQnlù, np QшËшqbщшJÇQ qnp&bpÇ, npшbq шp-qbQ Çuï ïÇpшníш& t цшшштшр, b qbqnlïшÇí щшш6шnшpшQnlpJшùp qb^gbpÇ ùÇçb qnjnipjniQ niQbgnq QùшQnlpJnlQQbpQ 2шш bQ, gшQ Qш-

ËшqbщшJÇQ ÇpшínlQgÇ b ÇQqnlïшÇí щшшйшпш-pшQnlpJшQ ÙÇçb: bpïpnpq шnшpïnlpJnlQQ ШJQ t, np unínpшpшp qbqnlïшÇí hшùшpínq щшшйшпш-pшQnlpJnlQQ QшËшqbщшJÇQ ÇpшínlQgÇ ïÇpшn-ùшQ QQpшggnlù ïшшшpnlù t ШJQ qbpQ, ÇQ¿Q np uшшшnlшÇ ïÇpшnùшQ QQpшggnlù:

üшËшqbщшJÇQ qnp&niù hшùшQùшQnlpJшùp QbpïшJшgíш& щшш6шnшpшQnlpJnlQQ шbuшïш-QnpbQ ^pbiÇ t pшdшQbL bpbg фnllbpÇ: Unш2ÇQQ, QшËbшnш2, QшËnpq' QшËшqbщшJÇQ, b Qbp^* gQQínq, qnp&bpÇ ùÇçb QùшQnlpJnlQQbpÇ Ьшйшщш-шшuËшQnlpJnlQQ t: bpïpnpqp QшËnpq qnp&Ç ratio decidendi-Ç pшgшhшJшnlùQ t, Çuï bppnpqQ gQQínq qnp&niù шJq ratio-Ç ïÇpшnnlÙQ ïшù ùbpdniÙQ: bpï-pnpq фпцп^ hшùшQùшQnlpJnlQQ ¿Ç ïшшшpnlù npbt qbp: UjQ, ^ш шùbQшJQÇ, pQnpn2 t шnш2ÇQ фт^ b hшшïшщbu npn2Ç¿ t bppnpq фтщ^, np-шbq qшшшínpQ щЬшр t hш2ÍÇ шnQÇ QшËnpq Qш-I ËшqbщшJÇQ qnp&Ç b QbpïшJnlù gQQínq qnp&Ç фшuшbpÇ ÙÇçb QùшQnlpJnlQQbpQ, npnQg шnïшJnl-Ц PJшQ 2QnphÇi шnш2шQnlù t QшËnpq qnp&Ç ratio I decidendi-Ç ïÇpшnùшQ шQhpшdb2шnlpJnlQQ: ^ UnшQáQшhшшïnlpJnlQQbp щшpnlQшïnq 5шшш-I ÏшQ щшш6шnшpшQnlpJnlQQ ïшpnq t iniíbi ■s gQQínq qnp&Q QшËnpq qnp&Ç ratio decidendi-Ç I QnQÇQ n¿ hшúшqшшшuËшQ: bpïni qnp&bpÇ шшp-^ pbpnipjniQQbpQ b QùшQnlpJnlQQbpQ hшuшшшblnlg hbшn, ÇQ¿щbu Qшb QшËnpq qnp&Ç ratio decidendi-Q

pшgшhшJшblnlg hbшn qшшшpшQQ ïшpnq t npn2-»l, np unijQ qb^gniù шJu ratio decidendi-Q bQpшïш ¿t ÏÇpшnùшQ: üùшQ npn2ÙшQQ hQшpшínp t hшQ-qbi шJq ïшù шл ^QnQÇ qpnijpQbpÇ 2QnphÇi:

UQqpшqшnQшLní hшùшQùшQnlpJшùp цшш-6шnшpшQnlpJшQ bpbg hÇùQшïшQ фnllbpÇQ, Qш-Ënpq qnp&Ç b qшшшpшQnlù gQQínq qnp&Ç ùÇçb hшúшqшшшuËшü QùшQnlpJnlQQbpÇ ^ù шшppb-pnipjniQQbpÇ hшuшшшnlÙQ ùb&шùшuшùp

t QQqhшQnlp hшùшшbguшÇд: bpb qшшшínpQ qnp&Q iniiniù t QшËÏÇQ qnp&ní qшшшínpÇ ïnq-ÙÇg oqшшqnp&íш& pшnbpÇ шqqbgnlpJшQ Qbpgn, шцш hшpï t Q2»l, np pшnbpÁ ¿щbшg t iÇQbQ npn2-Ç¿ b unínpшpшp ¿bQ hшQqÇuшQnlù шJqщÇuÇQ: ^b-pnhÇ2JШL hшùшQùшQnlpJшùp qшшшïшQ щшшбш-nшpшQnlpJnlQQ шùpnq2шïшQ ¿t, gшQÇ np цшш-6шnшpшQnlpJnlQQ unínpшpшp íbpшpbpínlù t Ùb-ïÇg шíblÇ шQgJШL npn2niÙQbpÇQ: UjQ qbщgnlù, bpp Qbpшníш& bQ ÙÇ gшQÇ npn2niÙQbp, qшшöшnшpш-QnipjniQQ t ¿npu фп11^0'

1. gQQínq qnp&Ç b ÙÇ 2шpg QшËÏÇQ qnp&bpÇ QùшQnlpJnlQQbpÇ hшuшшшnlÙQ (npnQg hш6шË ïшpnq bQ hшïшubL),

2. QшËnpq qnp&bpÇ rationes decidendi-Ç hшJШ-QшpbpnlÙQ,

3. шJq rationes-Çg ïшQnQÇ ^Ù ïшQnQQbpÇ Ïшnnlgíш&gÇ hbшшqnшnlÙQ,

4. gQQínq qnp&Ç Qïшшùшùp шJq ïшQnQQbpÇд ÙbïÇ ïÇpшnùшQ hшpgÇ npn2niÙQ:

Uju шbuшïÇ щшш6шnшpшQnlpJnlQQ bppbÙQ ïшpnq t qшnQшL ¿шфшqшQg uшhùшQшфшï b шnш2шgQbL n¿ gшQïшLÇ hbшbшQgQbp:

4шùшQùшQnlpJшùp qшшшïшQ щшшйшпш-pшQnlpJnlQQ hшQqbдQnlù t npn2шïÇ hшJbgшïшp-qшJÇQ ùnшbgùшQ: äшш6шnшpшQnlpJшQ bppnpq фп11ш^ Q2íш& qnp&nQQbpQ niQbQ ¿шфшqшQg цшЬ-ùшQшфшïnq шqqbgnlpJnlQ: OpÇQшï' qшшшínpQ ^pnq t hш2ÍÇ ¿шnQbL Çp npn2ÙшQ ungÇшLшïшQ hbшbшQgQbpQ, npnQg щbшg t hш2ÍÇ шnQíbQ Qш-Ënpq qnp&Ç ratio decidendi-Q ïÇpшnbLnl hшpдQ npn2biÇu: 4шùшQùшQnlpJшùp щшш6шnшpшQnl-PJшQ áшËnqùшQ hQшpшínpnlpJnlQ hbшшqшJnlù ïшpnq t шnшçшQшL qnp&bpniù oqшшqnp&íш& pшnbpÇ b шpшшhшJшnlpJnlQQbpÇ hbшbшQgní: ЗnlpшgшQ¿Jnlp qb^gniù, uËшL t шQшbubL ÙÇ hш-ùшшbguш, npшbq oqшшqnp&íbL bQ npn2шïÇ шp-шшhшJшnlpJnlQQbp b pшnbp:

°pb gQQшpïínq ÇpшíшïшQ qnp&Q ¿niQÇ Qш-Ëшqbщ, qшшшínpQ ¿щbшg t qnp&Q ini&Ç' mnmç-Qnpqíbiní ùÇшJQ Çp hшJbдnqnlpJшùp: UjQ npn2ni-ùq, npQ щшpqшщbu hÇùQínlù t фшuшшpïQbpÇ

UP'WPU'WSnMfranb b

ipm, bqpm^m^initf t mpqmpnipjmQ, pmpnjm^m-QnipjmQ ^mtf hmumpm^m^mQ 2mhbp^ ¿m^mQfy?-Qbpni U ^mpnq t q^mmp^ib np^bu mnm^bi mpqjniQm^bm iniMmQ tfbpnqmpmQnipjniQ:

UQqi^mjnitf dmJmQm^m^^g qmmm^np^ hm-tfmp mnmQg Qm^mqb^^ mn^mjnipjmQ npn2nitf ^mjmgQbip ¿^ hmrimp^nitf un^npm^mQ bpUnijp, pmQ^ np Qm mnQ^^ni^ t Qnp ^pm^m^mQ hmpg^ hbm: ^mmm^np^ hmtfmp pQqniQimi pQpmgm-^mpq t qnp&ni jnipmpmQynip ^nqtf^ hmtfmp «^nqtf ni qbtf» hmQqmtfmQpQbpp hmummmbip U npn2^mQ ^mjmgtfmQ h^tfpnitf qp^mfr u^qpniQp^ dUm^bp^b-ip:

UjQ qb^pnitf, bpp qnp&Qm^mQnitf ¿^ bqbi hm-¿mqmmmu^mfi Qm^mqb^, qmmm^npp hm2i^ t mn»i npn2^mQ hQmpm^np hbmUmQpQbpp U qnp&p

5

]ni db] huijc]i|iip|i oquijifi :

bpp qmmm^npp ^u^m^bu hm2i^ t mnQnitf qnp&ni jnipmpmQ^jnip ^nqtf^ «^nqtf ni qbtf» hmQ-qmtfmQpQbpp, ^mmfimnmpmQnipjniQp dbnp ¿^ pb-pnitf npUt mQ^mQni^, um^mjQ ^mpniQm^nitf t mjQ-^u^ mnmQdQmhmm^nipjniQQbp, npnQg tf^ngni mmppbpm^initf t qbqni^g^mj^g U ^Qqni^g^mj^g: ¿^ ibpmpbpnitf ^mumbp^Q ibpmpbpnq hmpgbp^ ^mmfimnmpmQnipjniQQbp^Q: ^mmm^n-pp ^mpmm^np t hm2i^ mnQbi ^p npn2^mQ hQmpm-inp ung^mim^mQ hbmUmQpQbpp, d^mdmdmQm^ Qm ^mpmm^np t ftp npn2nitfp h^^Qm^npb^ qnjni-pjniQ niQbgnq ^pm^m^mQ u^qpniQpQbpn^, tm^mQ Q2mQm^nipjniQ niQbgnq ^mummp^Qbpn^ U mjiQ:

"bm^mqb^ ¿niQbgnq qnp&n^ npn2nitfp, un^n-pmpmp, mpmmgninitf t qmmmpmQ^ ^QpQnipnijQ mbum^bmQbpp, npnQp hQmpm^np^Qu ^bpmpbpnitf bQ qnpft^ hQmpm^np hbmUmQpQbp^Q, mjL n¿ mnmQdQmhmmni^ ^mumbp^Q: "bnijQ^u^, bpb qm-mm^mQ ^mmfimnmpmQnipjniQp h^tfQ^mi t npn2 mQ^m^ Qm^mqpjm^Qbp^ pQqhmQnip mqqbgni-pjmQ ipm, m^m qmmm^npQ mQ^nium^bi^npbQ ^h^tfQm^np^ ^p npn2ni^p «^nqtf ni qbtf» ^mu-mmp^Qbpn^: ^bU hmtfmQtfmQnipjmtfp ^mmfimnm-pmQnipjniQp pQnpn2 t mjQ qnp&bp^Q, npmbq qnjni-pjniQ niQbQ Qm^mqb^bp, ^mmfimnmpmQnipjniQp' mQ^m^ Qm^mqpjm^Qbp^ mqqbgnipjniQ^g, pQni-pmqpm^mQ t mjQ qnp&bp^Q, npmbq ¿^m Qm^m-qb^: ^pmQp ^n^mqmpdmpmp ¿bQ pmgmnnitf tfb-^p tfjniu^Q: ^np&Qm^mQnitf Qm^mqb^mj^Q qnp-ibpp qbpm^nnitf bQ, hm^mnm^ qb^pnitf' mQniq-qm^npbQ ^m^mfr qnp&bpp QnijQ^bu ^mpnq bQ imnmjbi np^bu Qm^mqb^: Ampgbp^ ^mpqmpmQ-tfmQ hm^mp ^mpUnp bQ Qm^npq qnp&bpp, ^u^ bp-pb^Q QmU dicta-Q, pbU ibp^Qm^mQnipjmQ mbumQ^-

jniQ^g tf^mjQ ^mmfimnmpmQnipjniQQ t tm^mQ:

4mdm Qtfm Qnipj m^p qmm fimnmpmQnipj niQp stare decisis u^qpniQp^Q U UQqi^mj^ Qm^mqb^^ qn^mp^Qmj^Q pQnpn2 mpqjniQp t: UjQ hmQqbgQni^ t ^mQnQQbp umbqinq npn2ni^Qbp^ ^mjmg^mQp U umh^mQm^m^ni^ ^mmfimnmpmQnipjmQ muqm-pbqp: °pp qnp&p ibpmpbpnitf t npn2m^^ ^mQnQQb-p^, m^m Qm^mqpjm^QbpQ mQ^nium^b^^npbQ m^bi^ p^¿ bQ: AmtfmQtfmQnipjmtfp ^mmfimnmpm-QnipjmQ h^^Qm^mQ ^Qq^pQbpp ¿bQ ^mpnq ^mu^m-mm^ qQbi stare decisis u^qpniQpp: ^njnipjniQ ni-Q^ QmU bp^ni ^mpbnp hmpg, npnQp mnm^mQni^ bQ Qm^mqb^^ qn^mp^Qmj^ ^^gngn^: Unm^^Q qb^-pnitf ^mpnq t mjQ ^mum^ pnqmp^^mQ hQm-pminpnipjniQ, np ^pm^mQnitf ^nQ^pbm npn2^mQ hm^mp ¿^ Qbp^mjmg^bi npUt ^mmfimnmpmQni-pjniQ: Ujq^^u^ npn2nitfQbp^g bQ, op^Qm^, ^^mjQ hm^mum^mg^mQ ipm h^^Q^m&Qbpp, npmbq dUm^bp^ni^p tm^mQnpbQ ¿^ mmppbp^ni^ mnmQg ^mmfimnmpmQnipjmQ npn2ni^^g: Hpn2ni^p ^mpnq t tm^mQnpbQ ¿mmppbp^bi mnmQg ^mmfimnmpm-QnipjmQ npn2ni^^g QmU mjQ dmtfmQm^, bpp ^^mjQ hqni^ t ^mmmpnitf hm^munq qnp&bp^Q U hmjmm-pmpni^, np qpmQg^g npn2Qbpp ^^pmn^bQ ^m^, hm^mqmmmu^mGmpmp, ¿bQ ^^pmn^^ mijmi qb^pni^: Uju^^u^ qnp&bpni^ Q^mQ pQpmgp^ pQ-qniQ^mQ hm^mp ¿^ mp^nitf npUt niqbgnijg:

Amp^ t tfmmQmQ2bk np ibpnQ2jmi qb^pbpp, mju^QpQ' QtfmQ npn2ni^Qbpp, pmgmnnipjniQ bQ ^mq^ni^:

bp^pnpq qb^pp imqni^ t mjQ^^u^ ^pnqni-pjniQ^g, bpp Q2^ni^ bQ pninp qmm2mfi qnp&bpp, um^mjQ hbmmqmjni^ ^mpq^nitf t, np mQmbu^bi bQ hm^mum^mQ npn2ni^Qbpp, ^Q¿Q pQqq&ni^ t im-qm& hm^munipjniQp pnqmp^bini ^mmqpnipjniQp:

I

I

3

.O

Sb'u, Давид Р., Жоффре-Спинози К., Основные правовые системы современности, М., 2003, С. 258. Sb'u, (Jiuüpiuü'iuuü inti?u, Jackson R., The Machinery of Justice in England, Cambridge, 1997, Holmes O. W., The Common Law, Boston, 1938, Tate N., Judicial institutions in cross-national perspective: toward integrating courts into the comparative study of politics, Oxford, 1981, Capuletti M., The Law-making Power of the Judge and its Limits, A Comparative Studies, Monash University Law Review, 1981, No 8, Williams G., Learning the Law, L., 1972, Carleton Kemp Allen, Law in the making, 7th ed., Oxford University Press, 1966, Alan Watson, Sources of Law, Legal Change, and Ambiguity, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1984, Andrew Ashworth, The Binding Effect of Crown Court Decisions, Criminal Law Review, 1980:

3

Sb'u, H. L. A. Hart, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Volume 49, Issue 1, 1949, I.у 171: Sb'u, suilpipjuiG IL, M-iuuiiulpuO QuiJuuiqbuQi tnipjniGp h ш l nu 0 й 0 ш h ш u 11( n i pj n i О ü b p p. "TluiuiduiuibuuitpuQ h |i p ш l| ш l| (i p ш 11 ш l| ш 0 h 11 ü' Ci ш I u Ci n ] l p ti 11 p, dbGuiqpnipjniG, 2017, l;i|pnii|pliüui, bpbuiQ, I. у 58, 70:

Sb'u, Cross R. and Harris J., Precedent in English Law, Fourth Edition, Clarendon Press-Oxford, 2004, I.у 200-201:

a

Анна Акобян

Соискатель института философии, социологии и права НАН РА РЕЗЮМЕ

Основные методологические задачи интерпретирования судебного прецедента (на примере Англии) В данной научной статье детально рассматривается аргументация судебного решения. Анализируются и освещаются все необходимые действия и способы разрешения дел.

Одновременно описывается судебный прецедент с позиции дедукции и индукции. Особо выделяются судебные решения вынесенные путем сходства (аналогии) и логического заключения (силлогизма). Также приводятся некоторые случаи, не имеющие прецедентных дел. Описываются их последствия.

Ключевые слова: судебное решение, прецедент, методология, дедукция, индукция, судебная аргументация, сшшогпзм, аналогия.

Anna Hakobyan

Applicant of the Institute of Philosophy, Sociology and Law of NAS RA SUMMARY

Methodological problems of interpreting the judicial precedent (on the example of England) In the following scientific article, the reasoning part of judicial decision is thoroughly considered. All the actions and methods required for solutions of cases are analyzed and interpreted.

In the mean time, the judicial precedent is described in deductive and inductive points of view. Special emphasis is placed on the judgments made by similarity (analogy) and logical conclusion (in the syllogistic manner). Certain cases are also presented, in respect of which there are no precedents. Their effects are described.

Key words: judicial decision, precedent, methodology, deduction, induction, judicial reasoning, syllogism, analogy.