CC BY
21
УДК 623.1.082.2
Kovalchuk N. A., Vischur O.I. (linda888@ukr.net) © Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, Lviv
METABOLIC TYPE OF HORSES BLOOD OF RIDING BREED UNDER CONDITIONS OF PHYSICAL LOADING
The article deals with the results of research of the metabolic type of blood in the horses of Ukrainian and English riding pure breed under the conditions of physical loading (at rest, immediately after work and in an hour after work). The research was conducted on two groups of Ukrainian and purebred English riding horses, 6 animals in each group, aged 6-8 years. As a result, of done research, it was found out that the horses of both search breeds immediately after work, compared with the state of rest, probably creatine kenase activity, has increased the content of creatinine and urea in the blood has risen. Thus the blood of horses of both breeds showed the tendency to increase the content of total protein. In an hour after the training, the reducing these biochemical indices of blood takes place in horses. However, in horses of Ukrainian riding breed the restore of search biochemical indices after physical loading to level detected at the state of rest, passed faster than in English pure breed horses.
Key words: blood, horses, metabolic profile, total protein, urea, creatinine, creatine kinase activity, training, recovery processes.
Introduction. It is known that any physical work accompanied by changes in the rate of metabolic processes in the organism, the emergence of biochemical changes in the working muscles, internal organs and blood. At the base of all the biochemical changes that occur under conditions of physical loadings, is changing of metabolism direction. When doing physical loadings in the organism increases the rate of catabolic processes involving the release of energy and ATP synthesis, while reducing the rate of anabolism at the same time, which consumes a significant amount of ATP for the ensuring the various syntheses. This change of the direction led to better metabolic energy supplement working muscles and increase the power and duration of work [1, 2, 6, 11].
Changes in the chemical composition of the blood is a reflection of the biochemical changes that occur in muscle activity in various internal organs, skeletal muscle and myocardium. Therefore, on the basis of blood tests we can assess biochemical processes in the organism during work. This is of great practical importance, since in all tissues of the organism the blood is the most available for search. Biochemical changes observed in the blood is largely dependent on the nature of the work, and therefore their analysis should be carried out taking into account the power and duration of the executed loads [7-10].
If in training physiology of horses relatively large experimental material is accumulated and it was done a number of fundamental theoretical generalizations, the
© Kovalchuk N. A., Vischur O.I., 2013
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biochemical mechanisms of the influence of physical loading on horses of different breeds remain unclear [3-5].
Material and methods. Research was carried out in Lviv youth sports school of equestrian sport "Burevisnyk" on two groups of pure breed stallions of English and Ukrainian riding breeds aged 6-8 years to 6 animals in each group. Conditions of care, feeding, keeping and system of training of experimental horses horses were the same. Material for biochemical studies served the blood that was taken from the jugular vein in horses in different periods of training: before, immediately after loading and in an hour afterwards. In serum of blood it was investigated: creatine kenase activity, creatinine content, total protein and urea. These searches were performed with the help of sets Liquik Cor for the analyzer STAT FAX 1904 Plus.
Digital material was worked on by variation statistics using statistical programme "Microsoft Office Excel, 2007."
Results of search. Biochemical evaluation of training based on a complex of indicators provides the information of the metabolic processes in the organism, revealing individual characteristics of horses [4].
From the data in the table we see that, depending on the conditions of physical loadings in horses of experimental breed it was observed individual differences of biochemical indices in blood. Thus, immediately after the training it was recorded the increases in all searched biochemical blood indices of blood in horses of both breeds. Especially, creatine kenase activity was increased immediately after working in the blood of horses of Ukrainian riding breed by 39.2% (p <0.01), and in horses of English riding breed - by 30.5% (p <0,01). The activity of this enzyme in serum of sport horses is connected with the intensity of physical loading. The investigation has have shown that immediately after physical loading the urea content in serum of blood increased by 30.7% (p <0.01) - in horses of Ukrainian riding breed and by 36.3% (p <0.01) - in horses of English riding breed. The rise of urea content in the blood of the experimental breeds can be explained by the fact that at muscular work catabolism of proteins tissue is increased causing increased level of urea in blood, and its content normalization in blood indicates about the recovery of protein synthesis in muscle and thus rehabilitation of the organism. From the data in the table we can see that the content of creatinine in the horses blood of the English riding breed immediately after work has increased by 24.7% (p <0.05) compared with its level at rest and in horses of Ukrainian riding breed - 16 8%. Increasing the concentration of creatinine in the blood after physical loading due to the use in the energetic metabolism of creatine phosphate. Training level increase leads to a more economical distribution of creatine phosphate and lower increase of creatinine content in blood. Thus, these data indicate a higher level of training in horses of Ukrainian riding, compared to the pure breed English horses. Each physical loading causes changes in energetic metabolism, primarily in skeletal muscles and later in other organs. After doing physical work, restoring energy sources to the initial level takes place. As a result of activation of enzyme systems the processes of resynthesis have greately enhanced and not only recovery processes have occured, but also over-restoration of energy sources [7-9].
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Biochemical indices of blood in horses of Ukrainian and purebreed _ English riding species (M±m, n=3)_
Indices Research periods
at the state of rest immediately after training in an hour after training
Ukrainian
Total protein gr/l 65,5 ± 2,63 73,2 ± 2,60 67,8 ± 2,03
Urea, mmol/l 4,14 ± 0,10 5,41 ± 0,24** 4,53 ± 0,28
Creatinine, mmol/l 148,0 ± 8,30 172,9 ± 9,49 147,7 ± 3,69
Creatine kenase activity, un/l 163,7 ± 6,05 227,9 ± 7,25** 175,3 ± 6,58
English
Total protein gr/l 65,8 ± 1,59 72,6 ± 3,03 67,9 ± 1,44
Urea, mmol/l 4,16 ± 0,11 5,67 ± 0,20** 4,69 ± 0,28
Creatinine, mmol/l 148,3 ± 7,36 185,0 ± 7,63* 158,4 ± 5,20
Creatine kenase activity, un/l 213,4 ± 7,98°° 278,5 ± 7,77**°° 244,8 ± 7,33*°°
Statistically significant differences: * - p <0.05, ** - p <0.01, *** - p <0.001 compared with the state of rest; ° - p <0,05; ° ° - p <0,01; ° ° ° - p <0,001 compared to Ukrainian riding breed.
Research has shown, in an hour after training the recovery of search biochemical indices to their level detected at the state of rest, held in a different, faster recovery processes occurring in horses of Ukrainian riding breed. It should be noted that the recovery of the searched biochemical indices have passed not completely, exceptionally with the content of creatinine in the blood of horses of Ukrainian riding breed. According to the state of a rest in horses of Ukrainian riding breed the following indices are remained: total protein - 3.5%, urea - by 9.4%, indicating that the degree of fatigue and creatine kinase activity - by 7.1%, in horses of pure breed English horse according by 3.2% - total protein, 12.7% - urea, 6.8% -creatinine, control for the dynamics of which at the various types of physical loading lets to judge the condition of the entire creatine phosphokinase system and i by 14.7% - creatine kinase activity. It should be noted that creatine kinase activity in the blood of English pure breed horses remained higher and in an one hour after operation (p <0,05). It is known that the definition creatine kinase activity makes it possible to assess the adequacy of the loading, the recovery period and the degree of horses training. At all times of search it was fixed the highest creatine kinase activity in the blood of horses of pure breed English riding horses compared to Ukrainian with statistically significant difference.
Overall, results of research suggest that physical activity leads to activation of metabolic processes in the organism of experimental horses, as indicates on the rise of all search biochemical indices of blood and in an hour their partial recovery has passed.
Conclusion. In the blood of Ukrainian and pure breed English riding horses immediately after physical loading compared with the state of rest, higher activity of creatine kinase was found out (p <0.01), higher content of creatinine (p <0.05) and
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urea (p <0.01) . In an hour after training the recovery of these biochemical indicesto their level detected at rest, held most in the horses of Ukrainian riding breed.
Prospects for further research. Studies of the course peculiaritiesof metabolic processes associated with physical activity in sport horses in the classical forms of equestrian sports is important because it allows to study the adaptive mechanisms to physical loading of different volume and intensity, to evaluate their level of training and to identify factors that limit their serviceability. Further search of biochemical processes occurring in the dynamics of scientific substantiation training will assess the adequacy of physical activity and the development of effective correctional training programs sport horses.
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Резюме
Н. А. Ковальчук, О. I. Вщур
1нститут бюлоги теарин НААН, м. Лье1е МЕТАБОЛ1ЧНИЙ ПРОФ1ЛЬ КРОВ1 КОНЕЙ ВЕРХОВИХ ПОР1Д ЗА УМОВ Ф13ИЧНОГО НАВАНТАЖЕННЯ
У статт1 наведет результаты дослгдженъ метабол1чного профшю кров/ у коней укратсъког та чистокровног англшсъког верховых пор1д за умов ф1зычного навантаження (у стат спокою, вгдразу теля роботы та через годыну теля роботы). Досл1дження проведено на двох групах коней укратсъког та чыстокровног англгйсъког верховых поргд, по 6 тварын у кожнгй грут, ежом 6-8 роте. У результатг проведеных доелгдженъ встановлено, що у коней обох доелгджуваных пор1д вгдразу тсляробот, пор1вняно зг станом спокою, вгроггдно зростала креатынюназна актывтетъ, збыъшувався вм1ст креатытну та сечовыны у кровг. Пры цъому у кровг коней обох пор1д выявлено тенденцт до зростання вмжту загалъного бглка. Через годыну теля третнгу у коней проходыло зныження вказаных бюх1м1чных показныкгв кровг. Проте у коней укратсъког верховог породы вгдновлення доелгджуваных бюх1м1чных показнытв теля ф1зычного навантаження до р1вня, выявленого у стат спокою, проходыло швыдше, тжуконей чыстокровно'ганглтсъко'г породы.
Ключое1 слова: кров, кот, метаболгчный профыъ, загалъный бглок, сечовына, креатытн, креатынюназна актывтетъ, третнг, вгдновнг процесы.
Рецензент - д.вет.н., професор Гуфрш Д.Ф.
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