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10
G'oipova P.M.
department of "Medicinal and Spicy Plants" Andijon qishloq xo'jaligi va agrotexnologiyalar instituti
Uzbekistan, Andijan
MEDICINAL USE AND CULTIVATION TECHNIQUES OF NAMATAK
Annotation: The study of medicinal plants dates back to ancient times, and many scientists are still doing research. As a result, the fruits, flowers and other parts of medicinal plants are widely used in folk medicine and modern medicine. Rose hip is one of such plants, ascorbic acid is used in vitamin A deficiency, liver and gallbladder diseases, and in lowering cholesterol.
Keywords: Medicinal plants, rose hip, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, vitamins, ascorbic acid, nutrients, agronomic techniques for growing oils, unshudring's disease, etc.
Introduction.
Not everyone today knows that rose hip is used for many diseases. Peppermint is superior to synthetic drugs in its anti-viral and immune-boosting properties. Based on the following information, you can get acquainted with the useful properties of rose hip and cultivation techniques, methods of harvesting and drying fruits.
Rose hip (Rosa) is a thorny shrub 1.5-3-3, sometimes up to 6 meters tall, belonging to the family Rosaceae. The leaves have simple or complex lateral petals, which is located in a row on the stem. The petals are white, pink and red. The flowers are bisexual actinomorphic, pollinated by insects. The cup and the petals are 5 pieces. The fruit ripens in autumn. It is a fake fruit with many seeds.
The flesh of rose hip contains up to 18% of vitamins C, P, K, B vitamins and flavanoids, organic acids, sugars, pectin, nutrients, lycopene, salts of potassium, iron, manganese, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium. The seeds contain vitamin E and oils.
In folk medicine and medicine are used mainly its fruits and roots. A "pure" syrup is made from the flesh of the fruit, that is used in diseases of th e liver and gallbladder. It reduces cholesterol levels. Vitamin A, an immune booster. The seeds are rich in vitamin E and fats. Caratolin is used for burns, topical wounds, eczema, skin diseases, ulcerative colitis and a number of other diseases. When in a cold weather, the amount of vitamin C in the fruit decreases.
There are 13 species of rose hip in Uzbekistan.
Rosa beggeriana Schrenk.
Rosa rugosa Thunb.
Rosa davurica Pall.
Rosa zangezura P. Jarosch.
Rosa canina L.
Rosa majalis Herrm. (Rosa cinnamomea L.) Rosa micrantha Smith. Rosa tomentosa Smith. Rosa acicularis Lindl. Rosa fedtschenkoana Regel. Rosa corymbifera Borkh. Rosa psammophla Chrshan. Rosa kokanica (Regel.) Regel..
Growing technology
Rose hip is a polycarpous plant with many seeds and fruits. According to the literature, the results of experiments show that rose hip seeds are among the most difficult to germinate. In fact, in nature, young shoots of this plant are rare. In Uzbekistan, rose hip seeds are harvested in the first half of August, when the fruits of the plant begin to turn yellow-red. The fruits of the plant are separated from the seeds and mixed with 1 part seed to 3 parts sand. The mixture is placed in a bag 60-70 cm deep, covered, moistened every 10-15 days and, if possible, once a month, the seeds are removed from the pit and re-buried with mixing. When seeds are stratified in this way, their germination increases. Prepared seeds are sown in autumn at a depth of 30-35 cm, fertilized with manure and phosphorus fertilizers, sown on flattened lands (in early spring), in furrows with a row spacing of 65-70 cm. Two or 55-65 cm furrows with a seedling spacing of 10-15 cm are sown with 3-4 seeds at a depth of 1.0-1.5 cm. Sprinkling 1 cm of finely rotted manure or wood chips on the sown seeds will also help retain moisture. At the same time it protects the seedlings from the cold. With the onset of spring, the first seedlings sprout in the first decade of March. In March, the plant is cleared of weeds and processed between rows. It is watered and cultivated 3-4 times a month. Feeding 50-60 kg of nitrogen per hectare in May-June and July promotes good growth of seedlings.
Due to the rapid spread of fungal powdery mildew on the rose hip plant, sulfur powder is sprayed twice a month from April onwards. Some rose hip plants can also be planted in rows.
To do this, the seeds prepared by the above method are sown in late autumn in November-December or in February, the soil is loosened by 5-8 m in length and 1.0-1.5 m in width, and the seeds are sown in February.
The seeds are sprinkled with rotted manure or wood chips 1.5-2.0 cm thick. When there is little rainfall, the fields are irrigated. Even after germination, the seedlings are fed with nitrogen fertilizers and watered frequently. In May, the seedlings are sprayed with sulfur powder. With good care, in the first decades of May, the seedlings will grow up to 10-15 cm in height, 6-8 leaves on the stem and 10-12 cm of roots. These seedlings are planted at 1.0-2.0 cm roots, 60-65 cm row spacing, 10-15 cm seedling spacing, watered and watered frequently.
10-15 days after planting, the seedlings are treated between rows, fertilized with nitrogen fertilizers and periodically sprayed with sulfur. Seedlings are cleaned of weeds in June and July and watered every 10-12 days. The seedlings will be ready in late autumn. Seedlings can be planted in autumn or early spring with a row spacing of 5-6 m and a spacing of 2-3 m. The wetlands will need to be controlled for fungal and viral diseases, fertilized with nitrogen fertilizers, and fertilized with organic fertilizers in the fall.
Methods of vegetative propagation
Vegetative propagation of rose hip species is more convenient than propagation from seed, and it is observed that they yield faster. In this method of propagation, cuttings are made from plant stems 30-35 cm long. They are tied up on three sides and buried in the ground. In early March, cuttings are planted at 70-75 cm row spacing and 30-35 cm seedling spacing. 10-15 cm of cuttings should protrude from the soil. The plant is well cared for two years. By the third year, in the first ten days of March, plantings are planted at a distance of 5-6 m and seedlings at a distance of 2.0-3.0 m from the prepared land. When planting, care should be taken to cultivate and harvest between seedlings and rows.
Irrigation is carried out near the furrows.
The soil in the furrows is irrigated vigorously until it is completely moist, then cultivated, and large weeds growing from the pits are removed by hand. It should also be borne in mind that the root system can be damaged when cultivation is carried out at a deep depth or with deep manual pruning. Where the root is damaged, the number of buds increases, which impedes the growth of the plant species, and the yield of the bush decreases.
The resulting tubers should be removed slowly. If its root system is well developed, it can be planted in place of dead seedlings. If the roots are not well developed and cut, they can be transplanted until they are well developed. With strict adherence to the recommended agronomic techniques, the variety will bear fruit in the second year after planting. Seedlings bear fruit in 2-3 years and later.
Rose hip stems grow for up to 5 years, after which they are replaced as they grow. Old stems are cut from time to time. Or every 6-7 years, all the stems of the crop are removed and the rejuvenated crop will start flowering and fruiting a year later.
Harvesting and drying of rose hip fruits
Rose hip fruits are harvested before they are fully ripe, turning red and freezing. Harvesting is not recommended when the crop is fully ripe (September). Ripe fruits are difficult to dry, and ascorbic acid levels have dropped dramatically as a result of freezing temperatures. Rubber or tarpaulin gloves can be used to pick the fruit.
An average of 1 ton of peanuts can be harvested from fertile fields. It is possible to collect 20-25 kg of peanuts every working day.
It is recommended to dry rose hip fruits in special drying devices at 80-90 ° C for several hours or in the cold on hot autumn days. Stirring is required from time to time during the drying of the fruit. Sun-drying can impair the quality of the raw material.
References:
1. Kholmatov X.X., Akhmedov U.A. Pharmacognosy part 1-Tashkent. Fan 2007y.
2. Polatova T.P., Kholmatov H.H. Pharmacognosy - Tashkent. Abu Ali Ibn Sino Publishing House, 2002.
3. Axmedov E.T., Berdiyev E. Technology of cultivation of medicinal plants. Pp. 103-104.
