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25In our country consumers are now required to separate solid domestic waste in individual packages, separately for metals, types of metal, glassware, waste products, as well as bioaccumulates and other non-recyclable waste. Equipping waste collection boards with special containers for color separation, marking and labeling, as well as mercury-containing lamps should also be kept separately from other wastes. They are the main source of domestic waste recycling. It is strictly forbidden to dispose of solid household waste into streets, water ways, irrigation ditches.
References
1. Минеев В.Г. Экологические проблемы агрохимии. М: МГУ, 1988.
2. Абдиров Р.А., Агаджанян Н.А., Сафин А.Е. Экология и здоровье человека. Нукус, 1993. 103 с.
MEDICAL WASTE Atadjanova M.K.
Atadjanova Muhayyo Komilovna - Student, DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY AND SAFETY OF LIFE, NATURAL SCIENCES FACULTY, URGENCH STATE UNIVERSITY, URGENCH, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: medical waste is an urgent phenomenon, which is one of the biggest problems facing healthcare professionals today. In many cases, this concept is misinterpreted with epidemics, existing litigation or social waste. Examples of medical waste include the use of any medical devices (gloves, bandages, coats, etc.), human or animal origin, infectious agents or diseases, and other vaccine or other vaccine We can say that waste is a type of disease. In fact, medical waste is any waste that infects the infectious material. Medical waste is mainly found in medical institutions, including hospitals, dental offices, laboratories, medical research institutions and veterinary stations.
Keywords: domestic containers, bandages, Infectious wastes, Autoclave, Hypocrites.
Medical waste can contain blood or similar harmful liquids. According to the 1988 Medical Waste Prevention Act, medical research, testing, diagnosis, immunization, and materials originating from the treatment of humans or animals are considered medical waste. Even domestic containers, bandages, lubricants, cutting tools, needles, scalpers, cotton bottles and others are known to be included.
The term medical waste is of the same importance as the meaning of all of these, regardless of the different names. These include: medical waste, biochemical wastes, clinical waste, biotic waste, infectious waste, waste disposal system, and so on.
Regardless of whether these terms are used interchangeably, there is a clear distinction between the term medical waste and biotic waste. Hypocrites are classified as biotic waste in human beings, human tissue and cells, liquids and other toxic substances. At the same time, they point out that non-toxic agents and animal feedstock are of general medical waste.
In fact, it is known that office supplies, waste products and household wastes are still included in the category of technical waste, with no adverse effects on the nature.
Types of Medical Wastes. The term "medical waste" includes a wide range of biological products in the healthcare system. Most of the medical waste is a waste of office supplies and hospitals. The following list contains the most common types of medical waste detected by the researchers.
• sharp cutting tools. These types of wastes include any kind of equipment that can bleach, including needles, scalpers, tanks, broken glasses, vests, ampoules, scoops, clamps, wires and troches.
• Infectious wastes. This category includes all kinds of infectious waste, including cotton yarn, bandages, exclave, equipment and laboratory equipment.
• Radioactive substances. These types of wastes include any unused reioyage liquids or any liquids used in laboratory work. In addition, we can add glasses stored in the glass.
• Pathological waste. Almost all kinds of fluids, tissues, cell membranes, blood, body parts and animal carcasses found in the human body form the basis of this species.
• Pharmaceutical waste. This group does not include unused vaccines and medicines that have been expired or damaged. It also includes antibiotics, syringes, and medical grease drugs.
• Chemical waste. Ingredients for the use of indexing agents, laboratory dosage forms, batteries for lubricants used in medical devices, mercury and other types of flammable thermometers are the basis of this type.
• Genotoxic waste. They are the most harmful part of medical waste, which include carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic substances. Additionally, various types of toxic medicines can be used to treat cancerous diseases.
• General harmless medical waste. This type includes any chemical, biological, physical or radioactive waste.
Regardless of where the medical waste is produced, they are burned in special furnaces, autoclaved, sent to biological or chemical cleansing. Insignificance, ie the burning of special furnaces, has been rarely used since the 1990s because the use of other effective methods is widening.
Insineration. Almost 90% of infectious waste prior to 1997 was abolished. But suppliers have to find out more effective methods. Nevertheless, this method is the only tool used to remove the wastes.
Autoclave. Steam sterilization reduces the risk of biological harmful substances. After that, these waste can be removed or burned in the usual solid waste.
Chemical cleaning. Certain types of chemical waste can be neutralized by the use of reactive chemicals. This method can be used to dispose of chemical waste.
Biological treatment. This experimental method involves the use of enzymes to neutralize the harmful or infectious organisms of biomedical waste. This method is rarely used, but in practice is rarely used.
Medical waste management best practices. Medical professionals are using multiple methods to prevent many problems with medical waste. Employers should have a good knowledge of laws and should allow waste disposal to be customized in color containers. Waste should be labeled in accordance with its category, and accurate documentation is required throughout the transit period. At present there are special companies operating in Europe for the transportation of medical waste and their introduction in our country will be a good result.
• Proper disposal of medical waste. The first step in the disposal of waste is to avoid any harmful waste, as well as harmful waste. This in turn also prevents the spread of disease.
• Disassemble the waste. Waste must be categorized in different categories, such as cutting tools, pharmaceutical waste, chemical waste, wastes, and harmful waste. The waste that is supposed to be controlled should be placed in a red box. It is desirable to place cutting tools in boxes of solid objects.
• Place the waste material in suitable containers. Depending on the waste, place them in special containers. Some wastes are packed in cardboard boxes, some of them should be placed in special containers, even in locked containers.
• Prepare containers correctly. Medical waste containers should be carefully packed for washing. And then it may be transitory according to certain rules. Containers should be stored in a safe and dry place. It is also important to label the waste before the transit.
• Do the documentation work correctly. It is also crucial to carry out accurate documentation on medical waste disposal. These documents contain all the rules of waste management.
• Use color codes. According to the color coding system, it is envisaged that all rigid thermosetting should be placed in solid red containers. In addition, biological hazardous wastes are also packed in red boxes. If the yellow containers contain chemical waste, ferrous waste is implanted in the black containers, while the rest are used in blue containers. It is desirable for radioactive waste, including special containers labeled Fluorine 18 or Iodine-131.
References
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2. Otaboyev Sh, Nabiev A. Human and biosphere. T: Teacher's edition. 1996.
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