CC BY
7
УДК 236(254)
Ermatova A.K.
Tashkent Medical Academy Uzbekistan, Tashkent city MEDICAL ETHICS OF ANCIENT EGYPT
Abstract: This article discusses the behavior of doctors in Egypt. The principles of ethics of doctors are explained.
Keywords: Egypt, doctor, ethics, development, medicine
Эрматова А.К.
Ташкентская медицинская академия Узбекистан, г. Ташкент ВРАЧЕБНАЯ ЭТИКА ДРЕВНЕГО ЕГИПТА
Аннотация: В этой статье обсуждается поведение врачей в Египте. Объясняются принципы этики врачей.
Ключевые слова: Египет, врач, этика, развитие, медицина
The medical ethic of ancient Egypt demanded that the healer openly inform the patient of the alleged outcome of the treatment in one of three phrases:
1) "This is a disease that I can cure";
2) "This is a disease that I, maybe, I can cure";
3) "This is a disease that I can not cure."
In Smith's papyrus, clear recommendations are given to the healer, in cases where cure is possible.
For example: "You will say to someone who has a gaping wound on his head ...:" This is a disease that I will treat. " After you zashesh to him a wound, on the first day put on her fresh meat and do not bandage it. Take care of him until the time passes for his illness. Heal her (wound) with fat, honey, until he (the patient) does not get well. "
At the same time, Smith's papyrus describes the hopeless cases of traumatic injuries, which have only theoretical value for the doctor.
Among them is an ancient description of paralysis of the upper and lower extremities with loss of speech and hearing in the patient, which the author of papyrus explains by brain damage: as a result of a tragic fall of a person from a great height, the head went into the shoulders, the spine broken in three places, the vertebrae pressed one into the other.
The activities of doctors in ancient Egypt were subject to strict rules of morality. Observing them, the healer did not risk anything, even if the treatment failed. Violation of the same rules was punishable, up to the death penalty.
The transfer of medical knowledge in ancient Egypt was closely associated with the teaching of a complex hieroglyphic letter, which was carried out in high schools scribes - "houses of life." Schools taught mathematics, architecture, sculpture, astronomy, secrets of cults and rituals. Students studied and copied ancient papyri, mastered oratory.
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At the same time, medical knowledge continued to be inherited from father to son.
"Houses of Life" were also a place of storage of ancient papyri, many of which were considered sacred.
Egyptian healers enjoyed universal recognition. The rulers of many countries invited them to serve to the court. And in the Egyptian schools took well-trained wealthy foreigners, which contributed to the widespread dissemination of medical knowledge of ancient Egyptians in other countries of the ancient world.
Herodotus wrote: "The medical art is divided among them in such a way that each healer cures only one disease. Therefore, everywhere they have plenty of healers; one treats the eyes, the other - the head, the third - the teeth, the fourth -the stomach, the fifth - internal diseases. "
In ancient Egypt, great importance was attached to the observance of established hygiene requirements and the closely related prevention of diseases. It is no accident that the Greeks considered the Egyptians to be "inventors" of preventive medicine.
The traditions and customs of the ancient Egyptians prescribed tidiness in everyday life and moderation in food.
Herodotus wrote: "The Egyptians ... drink only from copper vessels that are cleaned daily ... The dress is linen, always freshly washed, and this makes them an object of great concern. Crop themselves for the sake of purity, preferring to be neat, rather than beautiful. Priests cut their hair all day long on the whole body in order to not have on themselves neither lice nor any other impurity during the service of the gods. The clothes of the priests are only linen, and the shoes are made of papyrus ... They are washed 2 times a day and 2 times a night. "
"The Egyptians consider the pig to be an impure animal. And if someone, passing by, touches the pigs, then immediately goes to the river and in the clothes that are on it, plunges into the water. "
Used sources:
1. O.I. Gogolev. Lecture course. Ekaterinburg, 2011.
2. V.G. Demchenko, A.V. Glotov. Professional allergic diseases: refreshing course of lectures. Omsk, 2006.
3. Occupational diseases. Manual for doctors under the editorship of. N.F. Measured. M .: "Medicine", 1996.
4. V.V. Kosarev. "Occupational diseases of medical workers". Samara, 1998.
5. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Ecology No. 1, 2008, No. 5, 2009
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