CC BY
1711IH3 Wschodnioeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe (East European Scientific Journal) #4(56), 2020 51
Sagatov D. T. Senior Researcher,
Associate Professor at the Department of Innovation and Research Management Institute for Civil Protection under the Academy of the Ministry of Emergency Situations
of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
MEDIA COVERAGE OF EMERGENCIES Abstract. The article describes the basics of emergency coverage in the media.
Keywords: emergency situation, accident, destruction, techno genic emergency, natural disaster, environmental emergency, danger.
The political, economic, and social processes taking place in the world require their different interpretations by the mass media of the world, taking into account the various interests and views, and the time-consuming work of the national media. The media is a separate institution that provides a complete, impartial report on the political, economic, and social processes that take place in society, and serves as a mirror to the existing problems, achievements and reforms that need to be made between the state and society. One of the pressing problems of today's media is professional, competitive and self-image in the process of collection, analysis and dissemination of information. Today, the world is changing rapidly. As with all areas of competition, competition for access to and delivery of information and the formation of an influential public opinion are becoming more intense. In these difficult conditions, life presents new challenges12. In particular, information journalism, one of the main focus areas of the media, is one of the genres that appeal to all sections of society. From the point of view of journalism, this genre is widely used in the media (television, radio, press and the Internet) and plays a key role in covering emergencies in the world and in our country.
Analysis of information on accidents, and emergencies occurring on the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan implementation of measures to ensure production stability at economic facilities, saving lives in emergency situations, large scale emergency response could prevent the specific role of the media.
Today, most television, print and online news outlets have seen and heard reports of "accident", "emergency" and "emergency situation". However, when analyzing these news stories, the journalist should clearly distinguish between the words "accident", "emergency" and "emergency situation".
What is an emergency? "Emergencies are defined as the result of an accident, a disaster, a dangerous natural disaster, a natural or other disaster that may result in human casualties, damage to their health or the environment, serious material damage, and disruption of people's livelihoods. the situation in the area"13.
According to the classification of emergencies, techno genic emergency (accidents and catastrophes, accidents at hazardous facilities, fire and explosion facilities, accidental destruction of energy and utilities systems, fire, gas explosions and other events, radioactive and other hazards) and accidents, hydrotechnical catastrophes and accidents related to the use or storage of ecologically hazardous substances, and natural emergencies (geo catastrophic events: earthquakes, landslides, landslides and other dangerous geological events, hydrometeorological hazards: floods, avalanches, strong winds (storms, storms, etc.), emergency epidemiological, epizootic and epiphytotic situations, environmental emergencies (changes in land (soil, underground)): soil and industrial toxicity caused by human activity, contamination by sugar, heavy metals, petroleum products, as well as pesticides and other toxic chemicals used in hazardous concentrations in agricultural production, situations related to changes in atmospheric air (air) composition and properties, hydrosphere conditions14. "An accident" means the destruction of uncontrolled explosions and (or) hazardous substances, technical facilities used in buildings and / or hazardous production facilities, "emergency" - military operations, earthquakes, floods, fires, epidemics and other emergency situations, a case where the head of state is legally enforced when circumstances arise. The journalist who is preparing the news should distinguish between the words used in the above quote. Currently there are cases when the terms "accident", "emergency" and "emergency situation" are used interchangeably. For example, the online headline of the newspaper "Pravda Vostoka" dated October 3, 2019 states, "Gas supply was temporarily suspended on Mashrab Street in Almalyk because of an emergency". There is an error in this report, including the technogenic accident, emergency lighting. The journalist should also consider the correctness of the words, their sensitivity and the legal basis for covering the topic of emergencies. Because the subject of emergencies has always been in the public interest. We know that in journalism, the wrong way of transmitting information can lead to negative and unpleasant
12 "Congratulations to the press and media workers" by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Sh.Mirziyoev. Accessed 27.06.2019.
www.President.uz.
14 Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated October 27, 1998 № 455 "On Classification of Natural, Techno Genic and Environmental Emergencies". www. Lex.uz.
consequences. That is why journalists working in the media should, first of all, familiarize themselves with the legal and regulatory framework in the field of emergency protection of the population and territories in the coverage of emergencies.
It is also possible that some of the major official and instant news outlets have been reporting delays in coverage of emergencies. For example, on December 18, 2019, six construction workers died as a result of an accident on the newly constructed Yunusabad route. This announcement was posted on the internet and on television and radio channels at the time of the accident. However, the announcement of this state of emergency on December 24, 2019 by the Uzbekistan 24 channel, which reports mainstream news in our country, suggests that there is still work to be done in our country to rapidly collect, analyze and disseminate information. The life itself shows that today we have to pay great attention to the preparation of the media, including the journalists, who have the image of the modern world in order to ensure the rapid flow of information in the world.
It should be noted that Article 4 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Protection of Population and Territories from Natural and Techno genic Emergency Situations" provides for timely and reliable information on basic principles of emergency protection. The Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan № 242 "On further improvement of the state system of prevention and response in emergency situations of the Republic of Uzbekistan", joint work of organizations and mass media that are part of the state system of prevention and response installation set up as a result of media coverage of topics related to the world of emergency "different version", which is given to the appearance of messages lead to a variety of interpretations of the news ratings. The life itself shows that today we have to pay great attention to the preparation of the media, including the journalists, who have the image of the modern world in order to ensure the rapid flow of information in the world. At the same time, misinterpretation, transmission of information in the media can have negative and unpleasant consequences. That is why journalists working in the media, first of all, cover the issues of emergency situations, familiarize them with the regulations on protection of the population and territories from emergencies, on the principles and guarantees of the media, freedom of information, and legal acts, know their rights and responsibilities.
It is worth noting that media reports on television, print and internet have been published by media journalists to protect the population from natural and techno genic emergencies, to prepare people to respond to emergencies while reducing the number of people affected by emergencies. Broad awareness of the project will help to increase public awareness. World
experience shows that the coverage of emergencies through the media is one of the key areas in raising awareness about the origins, causes and effects of emergencies, and how to respond to emergencies and how to respond appropriately during emergencies. In Japan, for example, it is located in the most active seismic area in the world, where earthquakes occur almost daily. "The Great Kanto" earthquake was named after the largest earthquake in the aftermath of the earthquake. The earthquake has completely or partially destroyed 254,000 homes. 142807 people died in the earthquake.) The Japanese have proven that wrong actions of the population at the time of the earthquake are not the result of the earthquake, but the increase in the number of casualties. That is why every year on September 1, the earthquake in Japan on September 1 (an earthquake of 8.4 on September 1, 1923) covered the southern Kanto region (Tokyo and Yokohama)15. "Every year, September 1, earthquake protection exercises are held. They are attended by 10 million to 18 million people, including self-defense forces, police, fire departments, local ambulances and other special services. The training will be held to commemorate the victims of the earthquake and test theoretical knowledge. The population is trained physically and psychologically in the areas of self-rescue, mutual rescue, and recovery. At the same time, the media and teaching materials are used as the main tool. The focus is on training young people to act in an emergency. Every day from 06:00-09:00, the TV shows a cartoon, feature film, games, classes that remind you of earthquakes, fires, tsunamis, road accidents, and how to deal with them16.
The Republic of Uzbekistan is one of the most seismically active regions in Central Asia. An example of this is the earthquakes that occurred in the territory of our republic in 1209, in Khorezm, in 1602, in 1821 in Ferghana, in 1902 in Andij an and in 1907 in Karatau. One of the most devastating earthquakes occurred in Andijan at 10 am on December 16, 1902. The intensity of the first earthquake was 8-9, with the power of 1-1.5 minutes later, the second earthquake with a magnitude of more than 9 and the devastation of the city after an hour and a half of 8-9. The shocks continued for months. For the first two days the earth was almost shaken. The quake killed more than four and a half thousand people. The Tashkent oasis has also witnessed multiple earthquakes. This tragedy happened twice - in 1868 and 1966. These tragedies were also reported in Russian newspapers of the same period («Биржевые ведомости», «Русский инвалид»). These data show that these earthquakes have been repeated more than once. During the 100 years before the 1966 earthquake in Tashkent, there were four strong earthquakes in Tashkent oasis - Tashkent (1868, 1886), Burchmulla (1959) and Kushtepa (1965). On April 26, 1966, between 5 and 23 minutes local time, tens of thousands of buildings and structures were damaged and
15 Abdullabekov Q.N, Ilyasova Z.F. History of
emergency situations. Earthquake. Collection. - T.: FMI press. 2016. P.160
16www.fdma.go.jp/en
destroyed by the Tashkent earthquake. 68,000 families were left homeless. Of these, 39,000 homes were completely destroyed. The population of Tashkent has lost about two million square meters of housing.
As it is seen from the above data, one of the most important tasks in the Republic of Uzbekistan is to organize the population's preparedness for earthquake response. A lot of work is being done in our country in this direction. In particular, the Ministry of Emergency Situations will conduct trainings on prevention and elimination of natural and technogenic emergencies, including during earthquakes in all regions, districts, cities and economic facilities, educational institutions and mahallas. The Institute for Civil Protection under the Academy of the Ministry of Emergency Situations annually trains about 2,000 civilian leaders and staff, and heads and staff of regional, district, city, and local self-government departments of the Center for Life Safety at regional emergency departments. At the same time, the officers of the Ministry system, professors of the Academy of Sciences, Institute of Civil Protection, teachers of the Center for Life Safety on weekly preventive days visit enterprises, organizations, educational institutions, neighborhoods to prevent emergency situations, to respond to emergencies, mobile training sessions. In addition, the Ministry of Emergency Situations and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the European Commission on Humanitarian Aid established the Earthquake Simulation Center, the world's second complex to increase population's knowledge and skills in earthquakes.
As we know, the Earthquake Simulation Center has been established with the support of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the European Commission's Humanitarian Aid Department. In the construction of the Center, the world experience was studied and the Japanese experience was based. Earthquake simulator is an earthquake simulation device that teaches people how to prepare for earthquake psychology and how to behave properly. The center, which is the second in the world in this area, includes the "The history of Earthquakes", a relocation room, a medical room, a demonstration room, a conference room, a classroom and a simulation room. Each of them has a role and role in improving the knowledge and skills of the population. Training sessions, seminars, roundtables in cooperation with the Ministry of Emergency Situations and TV, news agencies to explain the rights and duties of the population on civil protection, to improve the psychological preparedness of the population, and to teach the right actions in the event of an earthquake is illuminated. However, the scope of the media coverage is insufficient. In this regard, regular cooperation with local authorities, territorial emergency departments, higher education institutions and the media in the prevention and elimination of emergencies in all provinces, districts and cities of the country, attracting qualified specialists to these events, and accelerate advocacy and outreach to all segments of the
population, including the younger generation to enhance and develop practical knowledge and skills, as well as to ensure the safety of every citizen in the country.
In this regard, we should pay more attention to coverage of emergencies in the media (television, radio, press, Internet) operating in our republic as pressing issues in our society. The mass media operating in the Republic should thoroughly study and analyze the causes of emergencies, address current issues in the field, and critically and objectively evaluate the activities of relevant state bodies, and the representatives of this field should serve as the "fourth authority" in the society. At the same time, the mass media, in cooperation with relevant ministries and agencies, should carry out advocacy and coverage of issues in the field of protection of the population and territories from natural and technogenic emergencies.
As a result of democratic reforms in our society over the past four or five years, there has been a significant positive change in the activities of the media and today's media, with the discovery of political, economic and social problems in the state and society, and their publicity. solution. A number of rights and freedoms have been granted in the field of media and journalists. In particular, the country adopted the "Strategy of Action on the Five Priority Directions of the Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-2021", approved by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 7, 2017, PD-4947. Based on the item "Priority directions of improving state and public construction" in the first direction of the strategy, a number of normative and legal acts were adopted to strengthen the role of the media and protect the professional activities of journalists. These legal acts help to address the existing shortcomings of the media in addressing current issues in society, including emergencies, ensuring freedom of speech in our country and increasing the role of the media in addressing problematic issues. At the same time, the analysis of the current situation in the industry shows that the information environment is not responding quickly to the emergence of information space, enhancing the timely coverage of the country's emergency response activities, information services of government agencies and organizations, the media. This will bring them to a qualitatively new level.
Currently, reforms are being carried out in our country to build a democratic state, ensure the rights and freedoms of citizens, enhance their role in public control, and legally consolidate the activities of the media. Taking into account all this, the necessary conditions are created for the improvement of legislation in this field, free functioning of mass media of various forms of ownership and political and social orientation in the national media space.
The ongoing reforms in the field allow mass media to cover the subject of emergencies. This will increase the role of the media in the state and society, if we provide our citizens with open, transparent and reliable information about the causes, consequences and emergencies of emergencies. It is also important to
emphasize that the most important part of covering the topic of emergencies is that people will gain knowledge and skills in how to protect citizens and their lives from emergencies.
REFERENCES:
1. The Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan. - T .: "Uzbekistan", 2017
2. The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of August 20, 1999 "On Protection of Population and Territories from Natural and Man-made Emergency". www. Lex.uz
3. "Congratulations to the press and media workers" by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh.Mirziyoev. Accessed 27.06.2019. www.President.uz.
4. Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated October 27, 1998 № 455 "On Classification of Natural, Technological and Environmental Emergencies". www. Lex.uz.
5. Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated December 10, 2008 № 271 "On Additional Measures for the Implementation
of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan" On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities ". www.Lex.uz.
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