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Bulletin of Medical Internet Conferences (ISSN 2224-6150)
2021. Volume 11. Issue 12
Иностранные языки. Английский язык
ID: 2021-12-7-R-19429 Краткое сообщение
Yakovenko K.A., Tsygelnik A.A., Salienko S.N., Botalova.A.P., Hrul A.S. Mechanism of neuroplasticity
Tyumen State Medical University, Department of Philological Disciplines Scientific supervisor: Korotkova N.A.
Abstract
This article provides a short overview of the various features of the mechanisms of neuroplasticity. The basis for our research was the scientific publications of researchers on the selected topic. Having studied a number of articles, the information presented there and trace the trends in the study of the process of neuroplasticity were summarized.
Keywords: neuroplasticity, neurophysiology, brain
Actuality
Neuroplasticity is a structural change in the brain that occurs in response to certain stimuli from the environment and underlies learning and memory. Due to neuroplasticity, new or previously acquired neural connections, lost due to brain damage, can be formed or restored.
This review article raises the question of studying the features of the mechanism of neuroplasticity for a more specific understanding of the principles of the functioning of the central system.
The aim of this research is to formulate and give general ideas about the mechanism of neuroplasticity.
Tasks:
1. Collect all relevant information at the moment related to the issue of mechanisms of neuroplasticity.
2. Summarize all the material found on neuroplasticity.
3. Reveal the insufficiently studied aspect of the issue under study.
Material and methods
During this research, 8 publications on neuroplasticity were studied and analyzed from a number of scientific journals.
To search and sort the original articles, specialized search engines were used:
• scholar.google
• jstor.org
• arxiv.org
• scopus.com
When creating a sample of publications, the impact factors of scientific journals and the relevance of the research work were focused.
Among other things, previously published review papers were acquainted for a full-fledged data structuring on the topic under study.
It should be noted that the articles covering the clinical side of the issue were not considered, since the task of our study is a short overview of the mechanism of neuroplasticity itself.
Results
Plasticity is a universal biological process that occurs in all cells and tissues of the body, most pronounced in the nervous system. Neuroplasticity is of great importance both for physiological development and learning, and for the development of adaptive abilities and restoration of impaired functions after damage to the nervous system. The basis of this biological phenomenon is the ability of various parts of the central nervous system to reorganize both due to structural changes in the brain matter and due to functional systems of the central nervous system, changes in neuronal connections and glial elements, as well as the development of new sensorimotor pathways and integrations in the central nervous system during the recovery process. At the same time, the processes of structural and functional neuroplasticity are largely genetically determined and have certain gender differences. The positive value of the plasticity of the nervous system is as follows: ensuring the normal development of the nervous system; adaptation depending on the existing need and compensation for the loss of any function and reorganization of the nervous system in conditions of impaired performance of this function. However, neuroplasticity should not be understood as an unambiguously positive process for recovery. It is well known that the activation of neuroplastic processes is one of the most effective methods of treating diseases of the nervous system; however, it is much less known that it is the processes of neuroplasticity that may underlie the occurrence of certain neurological disorders (spasticity, epileptic seizures, dystonia). Neuronal plasticity underlies the development and functioning of the body, and the formation of activation patterns in both hemispheres of the brain at a certain moment occurs depending on the actual need. So, when performing a certain task, the involvement of sections of the physiological neural network arises in proportion to the complexity of the implemented action with the involvement of the existing, but inactive at the moment, elements of the functional system; when mastering motor skills for the first time and with subsequent repetition, different cerebral regions are activated.
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© Bulletin of Medical Internet Conferences, 2021
Бюллетень медицинских Интернет-конференций (ISSN 2224-6150) 2021. Том 11. № 12
Conclusion
So, summing up, we can state the following: the mechanism of neuroplasticity is a rather "young" and still insufficiently studied object for research.
There are a large number of areas of application of this neurophysiological phenomenon - from pedagogy to postoperative habilitation.
In addition, an equally important component of the topic is environmental factors that can affect neuroplasticity. These factors can potentially include age, ecology, genetic predisposition, lifestyle, degree of CNS trauma.
It should also be noted that the phenomenon of neuroplasticity does not have its own quantitative and qualitative characteristics. In addition, the researchers do not identify a generally accepted measure of neuroplasticity. In other words, it does not have its own conventional unit, which makes it possible to determine the degree of activity of this or that individual.
Thus, the topic of this study is devoid of specificity in many aspects, remains relevant at the moment and needs further consistent and detailed study.
References
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