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121Арабистика Евразии, № 2, Октябрь 2018 Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 2, October 2018
2018 AJJJJI ^UIJ^I
ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
УДК 37
MARGINALIZATION OF THE ARABIC LANGUAGE AT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE ARAB WORLD
Reima Saado Al-Jarf King Saud University reima.al.jarf@gmail. com
Submission Date: 10.04.18
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Abstract
The study aimed at identifying the following: (i) The language of higher education institutions websites in Arab countries; (ii) percentage of universities that use a foreign language as medium of instruction. (iii) the specialties that have adopted English as a medium of instruction; (iv) reasons for creating a preparatory year at some Arab universities; (v) appointing foreign deans and department heads at some institutions; (vi) their role in enriching the Arabic content on the internet and in the Arabic Lexicon Project; (vii) percentage of periodicals, articles, theses, conferences, research chairs published in English and those published in Arabic; (viii) their role in Arabization and translation, amount of translated works and number of translation centers; (ix) existence of Arabic language teaching institutes; (x) availability of Arabic specialized databases; (xi) use of English/French in specialized associations, training workshops, conferences, academic correspondence and reports; (xii) availability of Arabic language and Arabization functions such as students' clubs, celebrating the International Mother Tongue Day and International Arabic Language Day; (xiii) type of language used in Arab students' online discussion forums; (xiv) attitudes towards using Arabic as a medium of instruction and towards those who have received their college education in Arabic and towards instructors and
Арабистика Евразии, № 2, Октябрь 2018 Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 2, October 2018
2018 AJJJJI ^UIJ^I
specialists who do not know English; (xv) difficulties faced by students learning English.
The author searched the websites of 648 higher education institutes in the Arab World. She examined each website and analysed its content to find out the following: (1) the language of the websites and their main pages; (2) which courses are taught in Arabic and which ones are taught in English; (3) the percentage of private and state universities that use English as a medium of instruction and those that use Arabic as a medium of instruction; (4) number of foreign universities that have branches in Arab countries; (5) aims of the preparatory year at Saudi universities;
(6) number of Arabic language, translation and Arabic linguistics research chairs and excellence centers, and the amount of research produced in English and Arabic;
(7) number of foreigners holding administrative positions; (8) number of Arabic electronic databases.
The author used several data collection tools such as questionnaires consisting of open-ended questions to survey a sample of Arab faculty and Arab college students to find out how they perceive the use of English and Arabic as a medium of instruction and in the work place; what they think of doctors and instructors who do not know English; why students use colloquial language in online discussion forums, and the difficulties that preparatory-year students encounter in learning English. Results of the data analysis have shown that the Arabic language is severely marginalized by higher education institutions in the Arab world, especially in the areas mentioned above. The study will report the results in detail and will give some recommendations for supporting and enhancing the role of Arabic in the Arab higher educational system.
Keywords: Marginalization of Arabic, Arab higher education institutions, Arab World, medium of instruction, role of Arabic in Arab education, role of English in Arab education, language of research in Arab countries
For citation: Al-Jarf R.S. (2018). AaJJul' ¿h^ jaUl
AjjH [Marginalization of the Arabic language at educational institutions in the Arab World]. Eurasian Arabic Studies, 2, pp. 22-93.
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1 http://w3techs.com/technologies/overview/content_language/all
2 http://www.mofa.gov.sa/aboutKingDom/SaudiGovemment/StatementsOfCouncil/StatementsCouncil1424/Pages/ NewsArticleID28636.aspx
3 http://www.alriyadh.com/2011/05/28/article636453.html
4 http://www.alriyadh.com/2011/06/24/article644549.html
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5 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_languages_by_number_of_native_speakers
6 http://www.ikhwanonline.com/new/Article.aspx?ArtID=90293&SecID=0
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7 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_languages_by_number_of_native_speakers
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8 http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&ved=0CEsQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2 Fmohamedrabeea.com%2Fbooks%2Fbook1_732.doc&ei=6lPRTvKOBsnG8gPn56zPDw&usg=AFQjCNGO5Tqc0xtVr XranSssJQoUow5NIw&sig2=TDIBIkrc8nF1VWSI5mhm7Q
9 http://www.majma.org.jo/majma/index.php/2009-02-10-09-35-28/244-23-6.htmI
10 www. maj ma.org.j o/maj ma/res/data/. ../s23_4.doc
11 http://www.majma.org.jo/majma/index.php/2009-02-10-09-35-28/241-23-5.html
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12 http://www.imamu.edu.sa/support_deanery/medical_center/research/Pages/medicen_in_aribic_lau.aspx
13 http://www.islamweb.net/media/index.php?page=article&lang=A&id=165109
14 http://furat.alwehda.gov.sy/_archive.asp?FileName=105747936520080325003415
15 http://www.oujdacity.net/regional-article-27106-ar/
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16 http://www.webometrics.info/university_by_country_select.asp?cont=asia_all
17 http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings
18 http://univ.cc/
19 http://www.aaru.edu.jo/
20 http://www.mesrs.dz/arabe_mesrs/indexa.php
21 http://www.mes.tn/arab/index.htm
22 https ://www.mohesr. gov. ae/ar/default.aspx
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23 http://www.aub.edu.lb/fas/arabic/Pages/index.aspx
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Medium of Instruction
The medium of instruction of the university is English... Location
University of Ha'il is located in Ha'il City in north-central Saudi Arabia at an altitude of 1,000 metres above sea level, about 600 km (approx. 360 miles) north-west of the capital city of Riyadh The city is served by major highways and a modern domestic airport.
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24 http://www.uoh.edu.sa/web/about/uoh/uoh.htm
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25 http://www.uot-py.com/newsdetails.php?id=14
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26 http://ksu.edu.sa/sites/py/ar/mpy/humanity/Pages/%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%82%D8 %B3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D 8%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9.aspx
27 http ://faculty.kfupm. edu. sa/MATH/msamman/teaching/study_advice. htm
28 http://www.uoh.edu.sa/dept/prepyear/about-deanship.html.
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29 http://www.qu.edu.sa/Default.aspx?tabid=2140
30 http://www.al-madina.com/node/237119
31 http://www.taibahu.edu.sa/cms/pages.aspx?pid=5802
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32 http://www.topuniversities.com/top-100-universities-in-the-world-2011
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33 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_%28nominal%29
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34 http ://educationj apan. org/j guide/university.html
35 http://www.worknplay.co.kr/korea-information/studying-in-korea
36 http://www.ksastudents.com/vb/t40958.html
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37 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_the_European_Union
38 http ://ru. mohe.gov. sa/Must_Read. aspx?url=%2fdefault.aspx
39 http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20110413/Con20110413411834.htm
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40 http://international.daralhayat.com/ksaarticle/263162
41 http://www.al-madina.com/node/237119
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42 http://forum.kau.edu.sa/vb/caoaee-caeioinie-45/aio-iaecia-oace-caoaee-caeioinie-aocssa-yi-caincoe-8310/
43 http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t176428.html
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International Protozoological Research in Germany. Actual Situation and Perspectives
Prof. Dr. Klaus Hausmann
Managing Editor of the European Journal of Protistology and Managing Editor of Mikrokosmos. Published 140 Articles in scientific journals. 162 in Popular science. 34 Reviews. 12 Chapters in books. 11 Books (translated into Czech. Chinese. Dutch. English. Japanese. Russian and Spanish). Produced 12 Scientific films (commentary- in German. English. French and Spanish).
Research in Antarctica. An Example of International Cooperation
Prof. Dr. Norbert Wilbert
Bom in 1939. studied biology, chemistry and geography at the university of Bonn He did a doctorate in 1969 and qualified as a professor in 1991. His scientific spheres of activity are limnology, ecology and taxonomy of cilia tes.
Protozoan Parasites Reserach: An Egyptian, Saudi and German Cooperation
Prof. Dr. Fathv A Abdel-Ghaffar
Dr. rer. nat. Bonn University. Germany Secretary* general of the Egyptian German Society* of Zoology & the Arab Union for Biologists. Award of State Pnze in Biological Science. Egyptian Academy of Science. 75 peer reviewed publications. Supervision of 30 thesis M.Sc & Ph D
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74 http://www.saolt.net/en/news/plugins/spaw/uploads/files/conf-program2.pdf
75 http://www.elearning.uob.edu.bh/conf1/
76 http://cieree2011.fst-usmba.ac.ma/topic6/programme-cieree11.pdf
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9.00 AM : 9.10 AM Opening Address Prof. Ali Al-Ghamdi
Vice Rector for Graduate
Studies and Research
9.10 AM : 9.30 AM Intellectual Property and Or. Khalid Al-Saleh
Technology Licensing Program IPTL's Director
9.30 AM : 10-10 AM EPO procedure (search. Dr. Volker Scholz
examination, grant) German Patent Attorney.
■ Novelty and inventive step under Bremen
EPC Boehmert & Boehmert
■ Drafting and amending of EP
claims
10.10 AM : 10.40 AM Patent invalidation in KSA and Mr. Nassir Kadasa
GCC Nassir Kadasa & Partners
10-40 AM : 11.00 AM Coffee Break |
11.00 AM : 11.30 AM Strategies of filing patent Dr. Andreas Winkler
applications in PCT German Patent Attorney.
• Patent Prosecution Highway Bremen
Boehmert & Boehmert
11.30 AM : 12.00 PM Ownership of inventions. Mr. Mohammed F. Al-Hajeri
Employees' Inventions in KSA Manager IP Section
AI Shaya & AI Kethami Law
Firm
12.00 PM : 12.30 PM Patenting of software related Prof. Heinz Goddar
inventions. Patent vs. Copyright German Patent Attorney.
Munich
Boehmert & Boehmert
For more information, please contact the Intellectual Property & Technology Licensing Program (IPTL)
Phone: .966 1 46 70447 E-mail: iptl@ksu.edu.sa
Fax: .966 1 46 73505 Site: Iptl.ksu.edu.sa
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Sami Boudelaa Add to contacts To Prof. Reima Sado Al-Jarf
10/25/11
Reply
Hi Professor Reima- Thank you for this candid note. I do understand your keenness, indeed your determination to deliver your presentation in Arabic, which I am full heartedly sympathetic with.
However, we did make it very clear from the outset that ' the language of the conference will be English'. This has always been the case to my knowledge. So to make myself very clear once again: papers will have to be given exclusively in English; no papers in any other language will be allowed.
Having said the above however, we can publish abstracts in Arabic if their respective
authors wish so provided we have a formal version in English.
I hope you will understand this, and I hope we will see you here.
Best
Sami
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Mustafa Mughazy Add to contacts To Prof. Reima Sado Al Jarf
10/17/11
Reply ,
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107 http://sciencewatch.com/dr/cou/2008/08decALL/
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Dear Dr. Bakenaz,
I am replying to the statement of having the Language to be Arabic and not English for the conference and for the communication. Well, from my experience I have always done conferences in Lebanon and they were in English and some of the speakers gave their papers in French but we had translators for non French speaking.
In my opinion the language should be English since as an American Lebanese, I learned all the science in French until I finished high-school there and later when I pursued my higher education BS, MS and PhD. at the university of Delaware. Of course the language is English.
So by having English to be the conference language will allow and hopefully lead to collaborations between the US and the Arab countries. The second issue to communicate by email in Arabic, I have no problem reading the Arabic but you will definitely have people who do not have the dual keyboard or the MS international software.
Our American Arab Engineers and Scientists Society, AAESS, will be using English, etc..Right now we are working on the website, etc..
In fact during my meeting with high Arab officials from president to minister or congressman, I have spoke English/artic and in certain time I spoke English at the chief of protocol in the presidential palace in Lebanon and yet the Ambassador got a translator even so I told him that I am fluent in Arabic. The president of Lebanon spoke to me in mixed English/Arabic too as I did. The only time I spoke two hours in Arabic when I was interviewed on Radio el Harr talking about environmental issues.
Well, that is my one penny on the subject.
Best regards, Nelly
Dr. Nelly M. Abboud, President & Founder American Arab Engineers & Scientists Society P.O. Box #4125 Waterbury, CT 06704-999S
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143 http://www.cksu.com/vb/showthread.php?t=307125&page=1
144 http://www.iuedum.com/vb/showthread.php?t=773
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АРАБИСТИКА ЕВРАЗИИ EURASIAN ARABIC STUDIES
ЕВРАЗИЯ АРАБИСТИКАСЫ
Yet Another Huge Gathering in the Arab World
Dear Colleagues,
In anticipation of the up-coming major event In the Arab World encompassing the Arab Science & Technology community worldwide, the ASTF will hold its 5th Conference on 'Scientific Research Outlook & Technology' (SRO 5) during 27-31 October, 2008 - Fez - Morocco
ASTF is attracting an ever-increasing number of participants to the 5in SRO Conference: the expected 1500 participants will attend workshops in the different specialized areas of science previously identified as fields of priority for the Arab World. Discussions will focus both on core scientific topics in ICT, Energy & Water, Biotechnologies, and New Materials, as well as technicalities that can harness progress in those areas.
For more details kindly see the attached SR05 First Call for Articles in both Arabic and English for your kind attention, we are expecting to receive your extended abstracts before May 30, 2008 to the correspondence e mail addresses mentioned in the attached First Call.
Also you are kindly requested to start measures for your travel booking as well as the measures to issue your visa with the nearest Moroccan consulate in your country if needed. In order to facilitate the visa process kindly bring along your valid passport and your Conference Invitation Letter.
For more information, kindly visit http://www.astf.net/sro/sro5
We are eagerly looking forward for your valuable participation.
Best Regards, Organizing Committee Tel.: 971-6-5050551 Fax: 971-6-5050553 e- mall: sro@astf.net
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Gamal Mustaf, show detai' 4/29/08 Reply »
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(10) SJJ^
(11) SJJ^
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Re: Fwd: jijjVi mix» |x © dr
Awad Al-Karni awalsu@yah 3/22/08 Reply
We have a project we call the Key Performance Indicators Project that is needed to be built and implemented in the Model of quality for the university to measure the performance of units, people ,....etc and measure how we are achieving our strategic goals. We formed a team of more than 7 people three of them from the female sections. This team will work to determine these indicators ad how they can be measured. The papers that yo got give more details about the project.We choose you to be one of the female sections to represent the female section and feed us with the KPI.s that needed to be considered. If you agree to participate, there will be a weekly meeting of the team and will continue for 8 months except the holidays.
Best regards
Dr. Awad
(12) fSj SJJ^
Mustafa Mughazy Add to contacts 10/15/11
To'Prof. Reima Sado Al-Jarf КеР'У '
Dear Professor Reima Sado Al-Jarf,
On behalf of the Arabic Linguistics Society, I would like to thank you for submitting an abstract to the 6th ALS international conference to be held at Al-Ain University, UAE (November 20th-21s1 2011). Your submission, entitled ^ ^ V^VI ¿jl^uili ¿sij- jjj", will be
reviewed by the Conference Committee, and you will be notified of their decision late in October. For further information, please visit our website: http://faculty.uaeu.ac.ae/andrew gargett/ials6/index.htm Thank you,
Mustafa Mughazy, Ph.D. Executive Director Arabic Linguistics Society
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145 http://www2.honolulu.hawaii.edu/facdev/guidebk/teachtip/teachtip.htm#assessment
146 http://www.ksu.edu.sa/sites/KSUArabic/Deanships/quality/Pages/doc-ncaaa.aspx
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150 http://www.alittihad.ae/details.php?id=92717&y=2011&article=full#ixzz1f491ubH6
151 http://www.elaphblog.com/posts.aspx?u=3823&A=63586
152 http://www.al-liwa.com/News.aspx?id=91550&sid=3#
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АРАБИСТИКА ЕВРАЗИИ EURASIAN ARABIC STUDIES
ЕВРАЗИЯ АРАБИСТИКАСЫ
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES
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Information about the author
Ph.D., Professor Reima Saado Al-Jarf King Saud University Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia reima.al.jarf@gmail. com
